00:28 - >>HELLO, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN.

00:29 - AND WELCOME TO BATTLEFIELD

00:31 - PENNSYLVANIA.

00:32 - TODAY WE'RE ON LOCATION OUTSIDE

00:34 - OF CHAMBERSBURG. FRANKLIN

00:35 - COUNTY. ONE YEAR AFTER THE

00:37 - BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, THE

00:38 - CONFEDERATE RETURNED TO

00:39 - PENNSYLVANIA AGAIN. THIS TIME

00:42 - THEIR TARGET WAS CHAMBERSBURG.

00:44 - AFTER ANSWERING THE TOWN

00:45 - SEEKING TREASURE. AND COMING

00:47 - UP SHORT. THE CONFEDERATE SET

00:49 - THE TOWN ON FIRE AND QUICKLY

00:52 - ABANDON IT. I'M YOUR HOST

00:54 - BREAK, RIGHT, SIR. JOINING ME

00:56 - TODAY TO DISCUSS THE 18 64

00:58 - BYRNE OF CHAMBERSBURG AS TED

01:00 - ALEXANDER. FOR FORMER HISTORIAN

01:02 - AT ANTIETAM NATIONAL PARK.

01:05 - AND PULITZER PRIZE NOMINEE

01:06 - JEFFREY WORKED.

01:07 - >>GENTLEMEN, THANK YOU BOTH FOR

01:08 - BEING

01:11 - >>LET'S START WITH A LITTLE BIT

01:12 - ABOUT YOUR BACKGROUND.

01:13 - >>WELL, I'VE BEEN INVOLVED IN

01:15 - CIVIL WAR. FOR OVER 60

01:19 - >>WHEN WHEN WAS IN FIRST GRADE,

01:22 - MY MOTHER TOOK ME TO A

01:24 - GETTYSBURG AND MY GRANDMOTHER

01:27 - WENT ALONG. AND WHILE SHE WAS.

01:30 - ON THIS TRIP, SHE KEPT TALKING

01:33 - ABOUT DAD. DAD SAID THIS DAY

01:35 - AND SAID THAT.

01:37 - HER FATHER WAS IN THE BATTLE OF

01:39 - GETTYSBURG IN THE FIRST

01:40 - MARYLAND POTOMAC HOME OR GAY

01:43 - AND MY FATHER WAS FROM

01:45 - MISSISSIPPI. HE DIED WHEN I WAS

01:47 - VERY YOUNG. WE USED TO JUST

01:49 - SPEND.

01:50 - >>I USED TO SPEND MY SUMMERS

01:52 - IN MISSISSIPPI.

01:53 - AND MY GRANDFATHER, ALEXANDER

01:56 - DOWNER, MISSISSIPPI. WE TALK

01:58 - ABOUT DAD SAID THIS. DAD SAID

02:00 - THAT.

02:01 - >>AND HE WAS IN HIS FATHER WAS

02:03 - IN THE CONFEDERATE ARMY.

02:05 - SO I KIND OF GREW UP WITH AND

02:08 - AFTER THAT FIRST TRIP TO

02:09 - GETTYSBURG AND FIRST GRADE, I

02:12 - WAS HOOKED EVER SENT.

02:15 - LATER ON, I WAS LAST GET WITH

02:18 - THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE,

02:20 - WHICH WAS MY LIFE'S GOAL I

02:23 - WORKED IN A NUMBER OF SITES.

02:25 - I WORK MY FIRST. SO I WHERE

02:28 - WORKERS HARPERS FERRY. AND THEN

02:30 - I WORKED AT THE NATIONAL MALL,

02:33 - THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT AND THE

02:34 - LINCOLN MEMORIAL.

02:37 - THEN I WAS AT FORT WASHINGTON

02:39 - THE ONLY PROMINENT

02:40 - FORTIFICATION BUILT TO DEFEND

02:42 - THE NATION'S CAPITAL. AND I

02:44 - MANAGED TO GET.

02:46 - TRANSFERRED AND TEACH THEM WHAT

02:47 - WAS A LIFE'S GOAL. SO REALLY

02:49 - FEEL BLESSED. SO I WENT THERE

02:52 - 19, 86, AND THAT'S STAYED UNTIL

02:58 - THIS YEAR. WHEN I RETIRED.

03:00 - WELL.

03:01 - >>I BECAME A CIVIL WAR BUFF

03:03 - A LITTLE BIT OLDER THAN TED

03:05 - DID. I WAS. AND 10 YEAR-OLD 10

03:08 - YEARS OLD AND THE AMENDED TO

03:10 - TRAD NEW THE SO WARBUCKS FROM

03:11 - MY HOMETOWN. HE TOLD STORIES

03:14 - AND I WAS VERY FASCINATED BY

03:15 - THAT WENT TO COLLEGE AND UP BY

03:19 - IT WAS A HISTORY TEACHER

03:21 - DEPENDS. I AREA HIGH SCHOOL

03:22 - WHICH IS IN CENTRE COUNTY AND I

03:25 - RETIRED FROM THERE AFTER 33

03:27 - YEARS OF TEACHING

03:30 - I DECIDED SOME POINT I'D LIKE

03:32 - TO TRY WRITING. AND I'VE BEEN

03:35 - FORTUNATE IN THAT REGARD I

03:38 - MEAN, THE AUTHOR OF SEVERAL

03:39 - BOOKS IN THE CIVIL WAR. MY

03:42 - APPROACH HAS ALWAYS BEEN A

03:43 - PLAQUE TICK AND THE SENSE OF

03:44 - HOURS CARE FOR THE STORY.

03:47 - YOU KNOW, I'VE WRITTEN

03:48 - BIOGRAPHIES OF GEORGE CUSTER

03:50 - AND JAMES LONGSTREET JEB STUART

03:52 - WRITTEN ABOUT THE 3RD DAY.

03:54 - GETTYSBURG UNION ARMY. MAKE

03:58 - AND I'VE ALSO DID IT COMPARE TO

04:00 - WORK ON STONEWALL BRIGADE,

04:04 - CONFEDERATE AND UNION ABROGATE.

04:06 - SO MY INTEREST IS ALWAYS BEEN

04:08 - THERE. BUT AND I THINK MOST OF

04:10 - THE FELLOWS WE KNOW IN THE

04:11 - BUSINESS, YOU END UP BEING

04:13 - HOOKED IN THE CIVIL WAR FROM A

04:14 - VERY YOUNG AGE

04:18 - IT'S IT'S JUST BEEN WONDERFUL.

04:21 - TO STUDY IT TO KNOW THE PEOPLE

04:24 - YOU KNOW, VISIT THE

04:25 - BATTLEFIELDS AND I FEEL LIKE

04:27 - THAT. I'VE BEEN VERY FORTUNATE

04:28 - BEING ABLE TO COMBINE TEACHING

04:32 - WRITING.

04:33 - >>TED, CAN YOU TALK A LITTLE

04:34 - BIT ABOUT THIS LOCATION WHERE

04:36 - IN TODAY?

04:36 - >>WE'RE AT THE FLEMING FARM

04:38 - JUST NORTH OF GREENCASTLE AND

04:40 - IT PLAYED A ROLE IN A NUMBER

04:42 - OF INCIDENTS DURING THE CIVIL

04:43 - WAR.

04:44 - >>IN JUNE, 18, 63 DURING THE

04:48 - GREAT INVASION OF LEE'S ARMY.

04:50 - THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

04:53 - >>ALBERT GALLATIN JENKINS,

04:55 - BRIGADIER LEADING ELEMENTS OF

04:58 - LEAVES CAVALRY. HAD A

05:00 - HEADQUARTERS HERE IN MID-JUNE

05:03 - OF 18. 63.

05:06 - ON 22 JUNE 18. 63.

05:09 - >>THERE WAS A SKIRMISH AND WAS

05:14 - A SKIRMISH BETWEEN ELEMENTS OF

05:16 - THE FIRST NEW YORK CAVALRY.

05:19 - >>CONFEDERATE CAVALRY UNDER

05:21 - JENKINS AND INFANTRY ROBERT

05:24 - RHODES IS THE VISION WHICH

05:26 - ARRIVED IN PENNSYLVANIA AND

05:28 - CAMPED NEAR HERE. IN THE

05:31 - ENSUING. EXCHANGE OF FIRE.

05:35 - THERE WERE THERE WAS UNION

05:37 - SERGEANT. MILTON CAFFERTY

05:39 - WOUNDED HERE. HE'LL SURVIVE.

05:43 - BUT THEN THERE'S UNION SOLDIER.

05:46 - CORPORAL WILLIAM RAO FROM

05:48 - PHILADELPHIA. THERE WERE 2

05:50 - PENNSYLVANIA COMPANIES IN THE

05:51 - FIRST NEW YORK WINK AND CAVALRY

05:54 - THAT WAS HERE AND DID BATTLE

05:57 - HERE AND RAO WAS KILLED

05:58 - INSTANTLY. HE WAS THE FIRST

06:00 - UNION SOLDIER KILLED ON

06:02 - PENNSYLVANIA SOIL DURING THE

06:04 - CIVIL WAR. HIS BODY WAS FIRST

06:06 - REMOVED TO THE LUTHERAN CHURCH

06:09 - CEMETERY IN GREENCASTLE AND

06:11 - THEN IN THE 18 80'S, A MONUMENT

06:14 - WHICH IS BEHIND YOU HERE WAS

06:16 - DIRECTED TO HIS MEMORY. HIS

06:18 - BODY WAS REMOVED, NEED REFS

06:20 - OUT HERE ON THE SPOT WHERE HE

06:22 - FELL DURING THE IN IN 18, 64

06:28 - UNION GENERAL WILLIAM WARD,

06:30 - A VER HAD A TEMPORARY

06:32 - HEADQUARTERS HERE. HE HAD A

06:34 - DIVISION OF ABOUT 2500 MEANT

06:38 - AND HE HAD BEEN IN HAGERSTOWN

06:41 - 29 JULY TEAM. 64 AND AT THIS

06:45 - TIME JUGO EARLY HAD A NUMBER

06:48 - DIVERSIONARY MOVEMENTS GOING ON

06:50 - IN AND AROUND. HAGERSTOWN TO

06:53 - COVER FOR THE RATING ROOF,

06:56 - WHICH WAS UNDER GENERAL JOHN

06:58 - MCCAUSLAND. THEY WERE HEADING

07:00 - TOWARD CHAMBERSBURG TO LEVY A

07:02 - TRIBUTE ON CHAMBERSBURG.

07:06 - IS PUSHED OUT OF HAGERSTOWN

07:08 - AND COMES HERE AND CAMPS HERE

07:11 - DOES MATTER IS AUSTIN HE IS

07:15 - ACTUALLY. SLEEPING OUT HERE

07:18 - ON IN IT NOT FAR FROM OUR ON

07:22 - THE FRONT YARD MESSAGES FROM

07:26 - CHAMBERSBURG FROM GENERAL

07:27 - DRIVES COUCH, KEEP IT COMING UP

07:31 - THE TIME TO HURRY AND FROM THE

07:34 - CHAMBERSBURG. WELL, HE DOESN'T.

07:37 - HE THE SLUGGISH AND HIS

07:40 - RESPONSE. AND OF COURSE, WHEN

07:42 - HE DOES GET GOING LAID ON THE

07:46 - 30TH ON THAT PROBABLY LATE

07:48 - MORNING OR EARLY AFTERNOON OF

07:50 - THE 30TH OF JULY IT'S TOO LATE.

07:54 - CHAMBERSBURG IS BURNING.

07:56 - >>CAN WE TALK A LITTLE BIT

07:57 - ABOUT THE WAR ITSELF IN 18?

08:00 - 64? HOW'S THE WAR CHANGE SINCE

08:02 - THE BEGINNING?

08:03 - >>WELL, DEFERRED OF JEFF AND

08:07 - >>18 64. AS OF A COUPLE THINGS

08:10 - THAT ARE DIFFERENT. FIRST

08:12 - OF ALL, IN THE SPRING IN THE

08:14 - UNION LAUNCHES A COORDINATED

08:17 - CROSSED. WELL, BASICALLY THE

08:18 - BREATH OF THE CONFEDERACY FROM

08:20 - VIRGINIA DOWN TO LOUISIANA.

08:24 - BAY, ALABAMA. THEY'RE GOING

08:26 - TO SOLVE THE 2 KEY ONES.

08:28 - EVERYBODY THINKS ABOUT, OF

08:29 - COURSE, IS THE OVERLAND

08:31 - CAMPAIGN IN VIRGINIA THAT PITCH

08:32 - ULYSSES S GRANT AGAINST ROBERT

08:34 - E LEE AND THEN IN GEORGIA, IT'S

08:36 - A SHERMAN YS CAMPAIGN TOWARDS

08:38 - ATLANTA.

08:41 - ALL THE MILITARY OPERATIONS IN

08:43 - 18, 64, THE ONE THING IN A

08:45 - VITAL THING THAT OVERHANG ALL

08:47 - OF THEM WAS THE PRESIDENTIAL

08:49 - ELECTION IN THE NORTH.

08:52 - THE CONFEDERACY FROM THE TIME

08:54 - THEY BEGAN THE WAR COULD NEVER

08:56 - HOPE TO ACHIEVE AN OUTRIGHT

08:58 - MILITARY VICTORY. YEAH, THEY'RE

09:00 - NOT GOING TO CONQUER. AND THE

09:02 - NORTHERN CITIES ESPECIALLY LIKE

09:05 - PHILADELPHIA, NEW YORK THEY'RE

09:07 - NOT GOING TO BE ABLE DO THAT.

09:08 - DON'T HAVE THE RESOURCES.

09:10 - WHAT THEY HAVE HOPE TO ACHIEVE

09:13 - IS A POLITICAL SETTLEMENT TO

09:14 - THE WAR.

09:16 - AND BY THAT, YOU HAVE TO MAKE

09:17 - THE NORTHERN PEOPLE FINALLY

09:20 - SAY, NO, IT'S NOT WORTH IT.

09:21 - LET OUR SOUTHERN BROTHERS GO,

09:22 - IF YOU WILL. AND THE KEY TO

09:24 - THAT, OF COURSE. IT PROBABLY TO

09:27 - GET OUT OF THE WHITE HOUSE.

09:29 - THE CONFEDERACY'S MOST

09:30 - FORMIDABLE OPPONENT THAT IS

09:32 - PRESENT A RAM LIKE IT.

09:34 - AS THE CAMPAIGNS ON FOR ROBBERY

09:36 - LEAD IN PARTICULAR WAS QUITE

09:39 - AWARE OF THIS UP. AND IF HE

09:41 - COULD ABOUT PUNISH THE ARMY.

09:44 - BUT ALL MAKER ACHIEVE VICTORIES

09:45 - IN PARTICULAR IN VIRGINIA.

09:47 - AND AFFECT THE OUTCOME OF THE

09:49 - NORTHERN ELECTION. THAT WOULD

09:51 - IN LEE AND UP IN THE DEFEAT

09:53 - OF LINCOLN. THAT WAS THEIR

09:54 - GOAL. SO.

09:56 - MILITARY AND THE POLITICS HERE.

10:00 - LINK UP. THEY'RE IN MESH

10:02 - TOGETHER AND TWINE TOGETHER.

10:03 - DOING 64 ALSO THE OTHER

10:05 - FACTORS, THE NATURE OF THE

10:07 - COMBAT CHANGES IN THE SENSE OF

10:09 - TRENCH WARFARE AND PARTICULARLY

10:11 - VIRGINIA. THE CASUALTIES ARE

10:13 - JUST HORRIFIC. I'VE OFTEN SAID

10:17 - IT. IF YOU LOOK AT THAT

10:19 - EVERYTHING THE CIVIL WAR IS A

10:20 - BAD DREAM. IT WAS A NIGHTMARE

10:23 - FOR THE MEN WHO WERE IN.

10:24 - AND 64 BECAUSE OF THE

10:26 - CASUALTIES ARE JUST STAGGERING.

10:28 - >>TO DO ANYTHING THAT.

10:30 - >>WE MIGHT ADD BY BY 64, WE AS

10:35 - DESPERATE AS JEFF HAS POURED

10:36 - OUT IN THE TRENCHES AROUND

10:39 - PETERSBURG AND RICHMOND UNION

10:42 - FORCES IN THE SHENANDOAH

10:43 - VALLEY. WE ARE ATTEMPTING WITH

10:47 - PRESSURE THE CONFEDERACY FROM

10:49 - THAT AND AND WHAT HAPPENS IS

10:52 - UNION FORCES ATTEMPT TO TAKE.

10:55 - LYNCHBURG, WHICH IS A RAILROAD

10:56 - CENTER. THEY ARE REPELLED FROM

11:00 - THAT AND

11:04 - FORCED TO LEAVE HAVE TO DETACH

11:06 - TO BORROW A FROM THE TRENCHES

11:09 - AROUND RICHMOND AND PETERSBURG

11:11 - WITH THE OLD SECOND CORE.

11:13 - WHAT'S LEFT OF THE 2ND QUARTER,

11:15 - JOE STONEWALL JACKSON'S COMMAND

11:19 - HE'S THE ONE THAT SAGE

11:21 - LYNCHBURG FROM THERE WITH MAYBE

11:25 - UPWARDS OF AND THE ACCOUNTS

11:28 - VARY.

11:31 - HE EARLY WILL MOVE NOR. DOWN

11:34 - THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY AND WE

11:39 - ALL HAVE VARIOUS CAVALRY UNIT,

11:43 - INCLUDING CALVARY UNDER NEW.

11:45 - BRING IT HERE. A 27 YEAR-OLD

11:48 - JOHN MCCAUSLAND. EARLY WILL

11:50 - ATTEMPT ENVELOP HARPERS FERRY

11:54 - THAT FAILS. WELL, HE'LL MOVE

11:57 - AFTER A FEW DAYS OF MANEUVER

11:59 - AROUND HARPERS FERRY AND HILL.

12:02 - WE MOVED TO FREDERICK,

12:03 - MARYLAND, MAYOR HILL. DURING

12:05 - THIS PERIOD. HE'LL HIS MENTAL

12:07 - LEVY, A TRIBUTE ON FREDERICK,

12:10 - MARYLAND ON THREAT OF BURNING.

12:12 - MEANWHILE, 6 JULY, WHILE ALL

12:15 - THIS IS GOING ON.

12:17 - >>JOHN MCCAUSLAND CENTER,

12:18 - HAGERSTOWN.

12:20 - AND THE LEVEES, THE TRIBUTE

12:21 - ON HAGERSTOWN. WE'RE SUPPOSED

12:23 - TO BE FOR $200,000, BUT IT

12:25 - ENDED UP JUST BEING $20,000.

12:29 - NOW THERE'S A LOT OF DEBATE

12:31 - ABOUT ON WHAT HAPPENED IN

12:33 - HAGERSTOWN THE TRADITIONAL

12:35 - STORY IS THAT A DECIMAL POINT,

12:40 - EVEN THOUGH HE'D BEEN A MATH

12:41 - INSTRUCTOR VMI.

12:47 - STEVE BACH, THOUGH, ARE HER

12:49 - STORY IN FROM HAGERSTOWN.

12:51 - HE'S WRITTEN A VERY BOTH.

12:53 - BUT ON THE

12:58 - DEBATED WHETHER THEY MISS THE

13:00 - BEST MOVE CORNER, WHATEVER

13:02 - HAGERSTOWN COMES UP WITH

13:04 - $20,000 PAYS THEIR RANSOM EARLY

13:07 - MOVE CONTINUES. MOVING ON

13:08 - FIGHTS BATTLES AROUND FREDERICK

13:10 - PRIMARILY THE BATTLE OF

13:12 - MANASSAS ER 9 JULY 18. 64 LEW

13:16 - WALLACE HAS A KIND OF OUR CALL

13:18 - TO PICK UP TEAM MILITIA.

13:23 - TEMPORARY DUTY MAN AND ELEMENTS

13:25 - OF THE UNION, 6 CORE WHICH

13:28 - ARRIVES ON THE BATTLEFIELD.

13:29 - THAT'S ENOUGH TO THE WAY EARLY

13:33 - AND WHEN EARLY CAN HE PUSHES

13:35 - WALLACE ASIDE AFTER DAY OF

13:37 - FIGHTING AND MOVES ON TO

13:40 - WASHINGTON THERE, HE ATTEMPTS

13:42 - TO CAPTURE WASHINGTON SPARS

13:45 - WITH THE FEDERALES WHO NOW HAVE

13:47 - REINFORCED. WE GARRISON'S THERE

13:49 - AT THE BATTLE OF FORT STEVE.

13:51 - IT AND HE'S UNABLE TO BREAK

13:53 - INTO WASHINGTON. SO HE BREAKS

13:55 - OFF THE ENGAGEMENT AND MOVES

13:57 - BACK INTO VIRGINIA WHEN HE GETS

14:01 - BACK INTO VIRGINIA, HE FINDS

14:03 - OUT GENERAL HUNTER WHO HAD

14:06 - DRIVEN FROM IN FRONT OF A

14:08 - LYNCHBURG WAS BACK IN THE AREA.

14:11 - HUNTER HAS A PRO PEN CITY WORD

14:14 - ARTIST.

14:16 - I AND HE FINDS OUT THAT HE

14:18 - BURNED PRIVATE RESIDENCES.

14:21 - RESIDENTS

14:23 - JEFFERSON COUNTY VIRGINIA, NOW

14:27 - WEST VIRGINIA AND IN BERKELEY

14:31 - THE AREA SHEPHERDSTOWN, CHARLES

14:33 - TOWN MARTINSBURG.

14:36 - WITH EARLY DECIDES TO THAT.

14:39 - THE ONLY WAY TO STOP THIS

14:41 - BEHAVIOR IS THROUGH AN EXAMPLE

14:44 - BY REP RETRIBUTION. SO HE

14:47 - DETAILS JOHN MARK KARR BREEDER

14:49 - GENERAL JOHN MCCAUSLAND.

14:51 - WE'RE JUST BECOME YOUR WHO HAD

14:53 - JUST GOT IS BRIGADIER STAR, BY

14:55 - THE WAY, THAT SUMMER AFTER A

14:58 - GENERAL JENKINS WHO'S HERE HAD

15:01 - ITS HEADQUARTERS HERE WAS

15:03 - KILLED AT THE BATTLE. FLOYD'S

15:04 - MOUNT.

15:07 - MCCAUSLAND MOVES INTO HIS SLOT

15:11 - AND TAKES COMMAND OF HIS

15:12 - COWARD. WERE GAY. SO HE'LL HAVE

15:15 - HIS HIS BRIGADE AND A SECOND

15:17 - CAVALRY BRIGADE UNDER A

15:19 - MARYLAND ARE GENERAL BRADLEY

15:21 - JOGS IT? BRADLEY JOHNSON HAD

15:25 - JUST TAKEN OVER IN JUNE AFTER

15:28 - THE OUR COMBAT DEATHS OF

15:32 - GRUMBLE JOKED WE WOULD ALSO

15:34 - IT WAS NO STRANGER TO FRANK

15:36 - FROM COUNTY. I'VE BEEN UP HERE

15:37 - DURING THE ARE GETTYSBURG

15:39 - CAMPAIGN

15:43 - IT SO YOU ABOUT 2800 MAN AND A

15:47 - BAT AND A BATTERY OF A

15:49 - ARTILLERY THEY'RE INSTRUCTED

15:52 - OUT MOVE PENNSYLVANIA.

15:58 - PIC CHAMBERSBURG FOR RANSOM

16:01 - AND LEVY $100,000 AND GOLD FOR

16:07 - $500,000 AND GREEN BACKS.

16:10 - THAT'S THE MISSION OF LIKE ANY

16:13 - GOOD SPECIAL OFFICE HIS

16:17 - OFFICERS DON'T KNOW WHAT THEIR

16:20 - MISSION IS UNTIL THEY ACTUALLY

16:22 - ARRIVE AT CHAMBERSBURG.

16:24 - >>IT'S BEEN WELL STUDIED.

16:26 - THE FACT THAT LEE'S INVASION

16:27 - HAS ON PENNSYLVANIA IN 18.

16:29 - 63, WE TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT

16:31 - THE YEAR AFTER GETTYSBURG.

16:32 - WHAT'S MORAL LIKE IN THIS AREA?

16:36 - >>IN THIS AREA YET? WELL,

16:38 - THERE'S A LOT TREMENDOUS.

16:40 - AMOUNT OF CLEANUP.

16:44 - THINK OF THESE WARS AND WE

16:45 - WATCH THE MOVIES THAT WE LOOK

16:48 - AT. THE PAINTINGS OF THE

16:49 - BATTLES AND EVERYTHING'S KIND

16:50 - OF NEED UNIFORMS ARE CLEAN AND

16:53 - ALL THAT. BUT YOU HAVE. ON THE

16:56 - WAY TO GET HIS BIRD GOT AROUND

16:59 - 70,000 CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS

17:02 - MOVE IN THE PENNSYLVANIA

17:04 - PRIMARILY ON THIS ROAD OUT

17:05 - HERE, WHICH WRITER BEHIND THE

17:08 - CAMERA PEOPLE. THIS WAS THE

17:10 - VALLEY PIKE.

17:11 - >>AND THIS IS PENNSYLVANIA IN

17:16 - JUNE OF 18. 63.

17:18 - >>WHEN YOU HAVE THOUSANDS MAN,

17:22 - THOUSANDS OF THERE'S THAT

17:26 - TREMENDOUS POLLUTION PROBLEM.

17:28 - THEY DON'T HAVE PORTA JOHNS

17:29 - BACK THEN THE HORSES ARE GOING

17:32 - TO

17:35 - >>PLENTY

17:37 - >>MENORAH AND A URINE.

17:39 - AND WE MAY CHOCOLATE THAT.

17:41 - BUT THINK OF THAT, THE

17:43 - ECOLOGICAL CHALLENGE TO THAT.

17:46 - AND ON THE RETREAT FROM

17:48 - GETTYSBURG, YOU HAVE LEE'S

17:49 - ARMY. PASS THROUGH THIS REGION

17:52 - AGAIN, AND YOU HAVE A

17:55 - CONFEDERATE WAGON TRAIN OF

17:56 - WOUNDED, WHICH IS ABOUT 17

17:58 - MILES LONG MOVING OUT ON THIS

18:00 - HIGHWAY SOUTH TO THE POTOMAC.

18:04 - YOU UNION UNION MILITIA

18:08 - PROBABLY A TOTAL OF ABOUT

18:10 - 20,000 OR MORE MOVED THROUGH

18:11 - THIS AREA. SO IT'S A TREMENDOUS

18:14 - PSYCHOLOGICAL BURDEN. AND AFTER

18:17 - THE INVASION TOWNS WILL PASS

18:19 - ORDINANCES WHERE WHERE

18:20 - INDIVIDUALS HAVE TO GO OUT AND

18:22 - CLEAN. THEY'RE THEY'RE THEY'RE

18:25 - SECTION OF THE STREET BECAUSE

18:26 - THERE THERE'S REFUGE ALL OVER

18:28 - THE PLACE UP AND THERE'S THAT

18:30 - HORSES OR WHERE IT OUT. SO YOU

18:31 - HAVE DEAD ANIMAL CARCASSES ALL

18:33 - ALONG THE WAY. IT IS A TOTAL

18:35 - MESS.

18:37 - >>YOU MENTIONED THE IMPORTANCE

18:38 - OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN

18:40 - 18, 64. WAS THERE A SENSE IN

18:43 - THE NORTH THAT THE SOUTH COULD

18:44 - ACTUALLY BE VICTORIOUS AT THIS

18:47 - CERTAINLY DO THAT.

18:49 - >>A LOT OF TIMES WHEN WE TALK

18:51 - ABOUT THIS, YOU LOOK AT AS

18:52 - HISTORIANS, MANY TIMES WE GO

18:54 - FROM THE AND BACKWARDS. SO

18:56 - THERE'S APP AND MADDOX. SO

18:58 - THEREFORE, WE KNOW HOW IT ENDS.

18:59 - SO THEREFORE, EVERYTHING AT

19:00 - LEAST THAT LEE ATTICS. AND THE

19:03 - FACT OF THE MATTER IS IT

19:04 - DOESN'T DO WE CAN ADDRESS A

19:07 - LITTLE BIT LATER AFTER THE

19:09 - BURNING INCIDENT AND WHAT HOW

19:11 - IT IMPACTED THE CAMPAIGN.

19:13 - BUT THERE WAS DEFINITELY A

19:14 - SENSE OF THE NORTH,

19:15 - PARTICULARLY WHEN YOU PUT IT IN

19:17 - PERSON AS A SAID, THE

19:19 - CASUALTIES WERE HORRIFIC IN A

19:21 - SPAN OF A MONTH BASICALLY MAY

19:24 - 5TH THROUGH JUNE. THE 3RD, THE

19:26 - UNION ARGUED THAT HOME AGAIN

19:27 - EAST LAST 60,000 MEN EITHER

19:31 - KILLED, WOUNDED OR CAPTURED.

19:34 - TOTAL IS GREATER THAN AND TEAM,

19:36 - WHICH IS THE BLOODIEST DAY IN

19:37 - AMERICAN HISTORY.

19:38 - CHANCELLORSVILLE AND THEN WE

19:40 - THINK OF GETTYSBURG IS THE

19:41 - BUDDIES BATTLE THE WAR AND

19:43 - WHICH WAS THERE ARE CASUALTIES

19:45 - EXCEED THAT. I'VE LOOKED AT

19:47 - NEWSPAPERS WHERE AN UPSTATE

19:49 - NEW YORK, ALL IT WAS A 4 PAGE

19:51 - NEWSPAPER AND ALL THEY DID WAS

19:53 - LIST. THE CASUALTIES FROM THAT

19:54 - COUNTY IN THAT NEWSPAPER.

19:56 - THAT'S ALL THE DID. SO THE

19:58 - SENSE OF

19:59 - THE CONFEDERACY CERTAINLY COULD

20:01 - WIN. AND THE MORALE AND THE

20:02 - NORTH OVERALL WAS GETTING

20:05 - WORSE. SHERMAN WAS IN GEORGIA,

20:08 - BUT IT SEEMED GEORGIA SWALLOWED

20:10 - UP WILLIAM SHERMAN'S ARMIES

20:13 - HOW CLOSE WAS HE TO IT WAS

20:15 - CLOSING ON THE BUT THE LAND IS

20:17 - STILL WAS DEFINED. IT STILL

20:18 - WAS THERE ALL THESE FACTORS

20:21 - WHERE CONTRIBUTE TO THE FACT

20:23 - AND ABRAHAM LINCOLN.

20:26 - WE FORGET IS ONE OF THE MOST

20:27 - ASTUTE POLITICIANS EVER SAT

20:29 - IN THE WHITE HOUSE. HE'S

20:30 - HEARING THESE REPORTS FROM

20:32 - ACROSS THE COUNTRY FROM

20:33 - REPUBLICAN ELECTED OFFICIALS OR

20:36 - OPERATIVES WHO WANT TO USE THE

20:37 - WORD AND THEY'RE TELLING THE

20:39 - PRESIDENT THINGS DO NOT LOOK

20:40 - GOOD

20:41 - THE LEVEL OF THE PEOPLE AND

20:45 - THE THE SACRIFICES THAT ARE

20:47 - MAKING IT DOESN'T APPEAR TO

20:49 - BE ANY END IN SIGHT. AND THAT

20:52 - WAS THAT'S THE MAIN THING FOR

20:53 - LINCOLN. IT HAD TO BE TURNED

20:55 - AROUND. HE WAS GOING TO LOSE

20:56 - ELECTION AND HE UNDERSTOOD

20:58 - THAT.

20:59 - >>LET'S BRING IT BACK TO

21:00 - FRANKLIN COUNTY A BIT. WHAT

21:02 - KIND OF TIME WITH CHAMBERSBURG

21:03 - IN THE 19TH CENTURY

21:05 - CHAMBERSBURG.

21:07 - >>WAS KNOWN AS THE QUEEN CITY

21:08 - OF THE CUMBERLAND BALLOT.

21:10 - AND ITS IMPORTANCE GOES BACK TO

21:12 - COLONIAL DAYS. IT WAS LOCATED

21:14 - ON AGAIN THIS ROAD OUT HERE,

21:17 - THE VALLEY ROAD. AND THE ROAD

21:20 - TO PITTSBURGH.

21:24 - >>IN IT, IT GREW IN IMPORTANCE

21:27 - AS A COMMERCIAL CENTER AND

21:28 - AGRICULTURAL CENTER IN 2 MID

21:32 - 19TH CENTURY. ONE THING THAT

21:35 - WAS A BOOST TO THE ECONOMY WAS

21:37 - THE CUMBERLAND VALLEY RAILROAD.

21:39 - AND THAT IT CONSTRUCTED THROUGH

21:42 - HERE IN THE 18 30'S AND STARTED

21:45 - THAT HARRISBURG AND BY THE TIME

21:48 - CIVIL WAR, ITS TERMINALS WILL

21:51 - BE IN HAGERSTOWN. SO THAT'S

21:54 - A BOOST TO THE ECONOMY. ITS

21:58 - POPULATION WAS AROUND 5200

22:00 - PEOPLE, ALTHOUGH SOME ACCOUNTS

22:02 - SUGGEST DURING THE WAR AND

22:04 - DURING THE CAUSE AND RAISED,

22:06 - THERE MAY HAVE ONLY BEEN 2500

22:08 - TO 3,000 IN THE TOWN. ONE OF

22:12 - THE THINGS THAT WOULD HAPPEN

22:15 - DURING THESE INVASIONS AND

22:17 - THESE RAIDS WOULD BE THE.

22:20 - A MASSIVE REFUGEE PROBLEM.

22:24 - AND THAT WAS NO EXCEPTION

22:25 - DURING MCCAUSLAND RATE.

22:29 - CITIZENS WOULD.

22:31 - LOAD UP THEIR WAGONS WITH AS

22:33 - MANY VALUABLES AS THEY COULD

22:35 - AND MOVE NORTH. ON THE VALLEY

22:38 - ROAD ROUTE. 11, HARRISBURG AND

22:41 - HARRISBURG WOULD BE CONGESTED.

22:43 - THE RAILROAD STATION, SOME OF

22:45 - THEM WOULD TAKE THE CUMBERLAND

22:46 - VALLEY RAILROAD TO GET OUT OF

22:48 - HERE AND THE RAILROAD STATION.

22:51 - BUT IT WOULD BE CROWDED WITH

22:52 - REFUGEES. BOTH COOK, ASIAN AND

22:55 - AFRICAN AMERICAN BECAUSE THE

22:57 - AFRICAN AMERICANS DO NOT WANT

22:59 - TO STAY HERE AT THE TIME OF ANY

23:02 - CONFEDERATE AND CURSED. IN 18.

23:05 - 63.

23:08 - ELEMENTS OF LEE'S ARMY AND HAD

23:11 - GOING THROUGH THE AREA AND

23:13 - ROUNDED UP BOTH ESCAPE SLEIGHS

23:15 - AND AFRICAN AMERICAN FAMILIES.

23:18 - WE LIVED HERE FOR GENERATIONS

23:21 - SO THEY'RE VERY FEARFUL OF

23:22 - BECOMING OF BEING ABDUCTED BY

23:25 - THE CONFEDERATE.

23:26 - >>I IMAGINE MANY OF THE VIEWERS

23:28 - OF THIS PROGRAM OF TRAVEL,

23:29 - INTERSTATE 81 AND THEN THERE IN

23:31 - FRANKLIN COUNTY ARE COMING OUT

23:33 - OF HARRISBURG THEY LOOK AT THE

23:34 - BEAUTIFUL FARMLAND. ALL I CAN

23:37 - SAY IS EVEN BACK IN. 63 LEE'S

23:39 - ARMY PASS THROUGH HERE THEY

23:42 - COMMENTED TIME AND AGAIN ON

23:44 - THE FERTILE GROUNDS THE

23:46 - RICHNESS OF THE WOOD TO THEM

23:48 - SEEM TO BE THE FARMS HERE.

23:50 - THE BARS ARE PARTICULARLY

23:52 - MENTIONED THE GREAT

23:53 - PENNSYLVANIA BANK BARNS WHERE,

23:55 - WELL, WHERE ARE THEY ALL

23:57 - COMMON? THIS IN REALLY THIS

23:58 - IS THE EXTENSION OF THE

24:00 - SHENANDOAH VALLEY ACROSS THE

24:02 - POTOMAC RIVER. SO THAT'S

24:04 - ANOTHER FACT WHAT ED MENTIONED,

24:06 - THIS WHOLE AREA OLD, ITS WEALTH

24:08 - REALLY TO THE NATURAL RESOURCES

24:10 - IN THE FARMING AT THE TIME.

24:12 - AND THEN YOU HAVE THESE OTHER

24:13 - ELEMENTS THAT HAD MENTIONED.

24:14 - BUT I WILL TELL YOU DID THAT

24:16 - EVEN THE CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS

24:17 - WE'RE WE'RE STRUCK BY THE AREA

24:20 - AND SAID, LOOK LIKE A GARDEN

24:23 - OF EDEN. THEY ARE THAT

24:24 - IMPRESSED WITH IT.

24:26 - >>NOW WE'VE MENTIONED THE

24:27 - DESTRUCTION OF PRIVATE

24:28 - PROPERTY, WHICH IS OBVIOUSLY

24:29 - GOING TO BECOME VERY IMPORTANT

24:30 - FOR TODAY'S EPISODE. WAS THAT

24:32 - COMMON THROUGHOUT THE WAR AT

24:33 - THIS POINT?

24:37 - >>REALLY BAD ATROCITIES WAS

24:39 - MORE A TYPICAL FOR THIS THEATER

24:42 - OF THE WAR. THIS IS WHY THE

24:45 - BURNING OF CHAMBERSBURG STANDS

24:47 - OUT IN OTHER THEATERS IN THE

24:49 - WESTERN THEATER. FOR EXAMPLE,

24:51 - UNION ARMY SAID BEEN GOING

24:53 - GOING THROUGH PARTS OF

24:55 - MISSISSIPPI AND THEN ACTUALLY

24:57 - BURNED TOWNS DOWN THERE AND

24:59 - OF COURSE, THINGS WERE WAY OUT

25:00 - OF HAND ON THE MISSOURI KAN,

25:03 - KANSAS, MISSOURI, BORDER, WHERE

25:05 - THERE WAS A TRI-CITIES GOING ON

25:09 - FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE WAR.

25:11 - AND OF COURSE, THERE WAS THE

25:12 - BURNING OF LAWRENCE, KANSAS.

25:16 - BACK HERE. IT WAS NOT. WHY DOES

25:19 - EXCEL RATED UNTIL 18? 64?

25:25 - THAT'S WHAT MAKES THIS RAGE

25:27 - STAND OUT BECAUSE WHEN THE

25:29 - CONFEDERATES ARRIVE AND

25:31 - CHAMBERSBURG, IT'S NO MOURNERS.

25:32 - MISTER NICE GUY. BECAUSE LEE,

25:34 - IT HAD STRICT EVEN THOUGH THERE

25:36 - WAS SOME LOOTING IN A LOT OF

25:38 - CONFISCATING FARM GOODS AND

25:41 - CROPS AND ALL IN 18. 63 LEE,

25:46 - IT ISSUED STRAW STRICT ORDERS

25:48 - ABOUT.

25:49 - DAMAGING PERSONAL PROPERTY OR

25:51 - THEFT OF PERSONAL PROPERTY.

25:53 - AND IT OCTOBER 18. 62 JEB

25:57 - STUART HAD RATED CHAMBERSBURG

26:00 - IN THE FIRST CHAMBERSBURG RATE

26:02 - AND AGAIN EVER THE LEAGUE A

26:05 - CAVALIER HE, YOU KNOW, HAS

26:07 - STRICT ORDER FOR HIS MEN NOT

26:10 - LAST PRIVATE PROPERTY, BUT THAT

26:13 - GOES OUT THE WINDOW ON THIS

26:15 - RATE. PART OF THE REASON FOR

26:17 - LEVYING THE RAMPS.

26:19 - HOPEFULLY THAT MONEY WILL GO

26:21 - BACK AND BE USED IN VIRGINIA.

26:25 - THE RIM.

26:26 - REMEMBER, SOME PEOPLE WOULD

26:27 - HAVE HAD PROPERTY DAMAGE.

26:31 - DUE TO A UNION ACTIVIST.

26:34 - BUT AS SOON AS THE CONFEDERATE

26:35 - TO GET TO CHAMBERSBURG THE MAN

26:39 - BREAK INTO LAKERS SUPPLY.

26:41 - WE GET DROPPED AND THERE'S

26:42 - AMPLE EVIDENCE OF START

26:44 - LOOTING, STORES AND HARASSING

26:47 - PEOPLE. AND THAT THE BALLS

26:50 - INTO.

26:51 - A DRUNKEN ORGY, IF YOU WILL.

26:54 - >>MANY SOUTHERN SOURCES LIKE TO

26:56 - SAY THINGS LIKE THE ONLY

26:58 - YANKEES BURNED HOMES. THAT'S

27:00 - NOT SOMETHING SOUTHERNERS WOULD

27:01 - DO. WAS THAT TRUE OR IS THAT

27:03 - MORE SOMETHING THEY JUST LIKE

27:05 - TO TALK ABOUT? I THINK THEY

27:06 - JUST LIKE TO TALK ABOUT PARTS

27:08 - OTHER. WELL, THE OTHER THING

27:10 - IS AND

27:12 - >>THE ONLY REAL INVASION OF

27:13 - THE NORTH IS THE GUYS WERE

27:15 - CAMPAIGN. SO THAT WE'RE NOT

27:17 - SEEN. AS TED SAID, LEE ISSUED

27:19 - ORDERS. NOW, THE MAN FOR HIS

27:21 - GALL OVER THIS VALLEY, THEY

27:22 - FOUND EVERY CHICKEN COOP THEY

27:24 - CAN FIND A PIG PEN. WHATEVER,

27:26 - BUT THEY WERE DESTROYING HOMES.

27:28 - HUNTER AND WELL IN

27:29 - MISSISSIPPI'S TED MATCHES UNION

27:31 - ARMIES. THE UNION ARMIES ARE

27:33 - THE ONE INVADING SOUTHERN SOIL.

27:35 - SO YES,

27:36 - >>IT WAS GOING TO BE THOSE KIND

27:37 - OF DEPREDATIONS GOING TO COME

27:38 - FROM UNION ARMIES BECAUSE

27:40 - SOUTHERN ARMIES ON UP HERE AND

27:42 - THAT'S THE BIG DIFFERENCE.

27:43 - DAVID HUNTERS OPERATION IN THE

27:46 - SHENANDOAH VALLEY YOU KNOW,

27:48 - JUNE AND EARLY JULY. THAT'S THE

27:51 - THING THAT IS GOING TO PART OF

27:53 - THE RETALIATION BECAUSE LIKE

27:55 - FRENZY BURNS, VMI, HE BURNS

27:57 - GOT GOVERNOR JOHN LETTERS HOME

27:59 - IN LEXINGTON, THE BURNS, OTHER

28:00 - PRIVATE HOMES HOTTER, BY THE

28:02 - WAY, IS OF HER NATIVE

28:04 - VIRGINIAN. BUT HE'S OF THE

28:05 - ABOLITIONISTS AND PUNISHMENT

28:07 - IDEA. YOU'RE GOING TO PAY FOR

28:09 - THE SINS OF SECESSION AND HE

28:11 - DOES. THAT'S ON PART OF THIS

28:12 - RAID HERE. BUT UP UNTIL THAT

28:14 - TIME AS A WHOLE CONFEDERATE

28:16 - JUST WEREN'T APPEARED TO BURN

28:17 - AS IT AS SUCH.

28:19 - >>I WILL SAY THERE WAS A CROSS

28:21 - WITH ME.

28:22 - DURING THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN

28:24 - IS THE ONLY MURDER THAT I KNOW

28:27 - WAS JUST A FEW MILES NORTH OF

28:29 - HERE. GUILFORD SPRING WERE SOME

28:33 - OF LAW JENKINS MAN

28:34 - WHO ARE DRUNKEN ARE STRAGGLING

28:37 - AROUND STOP OF THE STRIKE FARM

28:41 - AND THEY DEMAND HIS LIFE

28:42 - SAVINGS IN MISTER STREIT

28:44 - REFUSES. SO HE'S MARCHED OUT

28:47 - TO THE BARNYARD AND EXECUTED ON

28:50 - THE SPOT AND BARRY, DIDN'T HE?

28:53 - AND TRAGICALLY HIS DAUGHTER,

28:55 - HIS YOUNG DAUGHTER. SHE'S JUST

28:57 - A TEENAGER. WE'LL DISCOVER HER

28:59 - FATHER'S BODY OUT THERE AND

29:01 - THEY DO GET GET THE MONEY FROM

29:04 - THE THE MONEY THAT THEY'RE

29:07 - LOOKING FOR. BUT THEN UNION

29:09 - SOLDIERS PATROLLING IN THE AREA

29:11 - PROBABLY FROM THE FIRST NEW

29:12 - YORK LINCOLN CAVALRY WILL SOON

29:14 - CATCH UP WITH THESE GUYS AND

29:17 - EXECUTE THEM ON THE SPOT.

29:19 - >>I HEAR PREVIOUSLY LEE'S ARMY

29:21 - HAVE BEEN ALL THROUGH THIS AREA

29:22 - YORK NEAR HARRISBURG. WAS THERE

29:24 - SOMETHING ABOUT CHAMBERSBURG

29:26 - THAT MADE IT THE TARGET FOR

29:28 - THIS 18 64 RATE SPECIFICALLY.

29:30 - >>THE VARIOUS ACCOUNTS BY THE

29:32 - COMMANDERS, PARTICULARLY JUBA

29:33 - WORLEY. WE STAY VERY PLAINLY

29:36 - CHAMBERSBURG WAS SELECTED

29:39 - BECAUSE IT WAS THE NEAREST.

29:41 - UNION. TED SIZABLE UNIONTOWN

29:46 - IN THE AREA.

29:47 - WE CONFEDERATES ARE OPERATING

29:49 - RIGHT ACROSS THE STATE LINE

29:50 - JUST SOUTH OF HERE IN MARYLAND.

29:53 - BUT HAGERSTOWN AND MANY OF THE

29:55 - TOWNS IN WASHINGTON COUNTY,

29:57 - MARYLAND, ARE OF MIXED

29:58 - SYMPATHY.

30:00 - BUT HERE THERE'S NO DOUBT

30:01 - CHAMBERSBURG IS A

30:02 - UNION TOWN. IT'S A IT'S A

30:05 - RAILROAD CENTER BECAUSE OF THE

30:06 - CUMBERLAND VALLEY. RAILROADS.

30:08 - IT'S A COMMERCE CENTER. AND

30:11 - IT'S THE HEADQUARTERS OF THE

30:14 - UNION DEPARTMENT OF

30:15 - SUSQUEHANNA, WHICH IS LARGELY

30:18 - A PAPER ORGANIZATION. THERE'S

30:21 - NOT MANY TROOPS.

30:23 - DARIUS COUCHES, THE COMMANDER,

30:25 - AND HE HAS HIS HEADQUARTERS IN

30:26 - CHAMBERSBURG. HOWEVER, THAT'S

30:28 - ANOTHER SOME BALL WORK THINGS.

30:31 - SO BUT MAINLY BECAUSE IT'S THE

30:34 - NEAREST.

30:35 - SIZABLE UNIONTOWN IN THE AIR.

30:38 - >>WE PREVIOUSLY MENTIONED JOHN

30:40 - MCCAUSLAND. HE'S THE ONE CHOSEN

30:41 - TO ACTUALLY RAID CHAMBERSBURG.

30:44 - WE TALK ABOUT THE DIFFICULTIES

30:46 - HE FACED MOVING NORTH.

30:48 - >>A NUMBER OF MILITARY ACTIONS

30:50 - DURING MCCAUSLAND RATE AS A

30:53 - MATTER OF FACT, ALL ALONG THE

30:54 - WAY, WE'LL MEET RESISTANCE TO

30:57 - AND FROM CHAMBERSBURG.

31:00 - WHEN CROSSES THE BUT HOME AND

31:03 - RIVER COURSE, FEARING FOR THEIR

31:07 - CLEAR SPRING, MARYLAND HE WILL

31:09 - ENCOUNTER UNION CAVALRY IN THAT

31:13 - AREA THAT ARE DOWN THERE ARE

31:14 - GUARDING THE SEEING OPEN NOW

31:17 - AND THE TIME FOR. WELL, PRETTY

31:20 - PUSH THEM AWAY AND HE'LL SEND

31:22 - HARRY GILMORE. ONE OF THE

31:24 - MAYOR, MARILYN GILMORE WAS

31:27 - SOMEWHAT OF A PARTISAN

31:29 - >>WELL, HE WAS ON THIS UNDER

31:32 - BRADLEY JOHNSON'S COMMAND.

31:34 - GILMORE WILL LEAD A CALL IN

31:36 - THE CAVALRY, THE FIRST AND

31:39 - SECOND, MARYLAND CAVALRY.

31:41 - EAST ON THE NATIONAL PIKE.

31:44 - PRESENT DAY. ROUTE 40.

31:48 - >>THEY'LL HEAD FROM CLEAR

31:50 - SPRING AND THEY'LL HEAD TOUR

31:53 - HAGERSTOWN THERE. THE UNION

31:55 - CAVALRY. WE'LL MAKE A STAND.

32:00 - JUST EAST OF WHERE SPRING.

32:02 - THE UNION CAVALRY THAT IS IN

32:04 - THE AREA GILMORE WILL LOSE

32:08 - AROUND 17 MAN KILLED AND

32:10 - WOUNDED. IT'S PRETTY HEAVY

32:12 - CASUALTIES

32:15 - CAVALRY ACTION. THE SMALL UNIT

32:16 - CAVALRY ACTION.

32:18 - MEANWHILE, MCCAUSLAND WILL TAKE

32:20 - HIS MAIN COLUMN AND HEAD NORTH

32:23 - VIA THEM OR SAYS BIRD. AND V A

32:28 - BOYER'S VALLEY.

32:30 - WHICH A LOT GOES ALONG THE

32:33 - NORTH MOUNTAIN RANGE. WEST OF

32:36 - US HERE, HIS DESTINATION IS

32:39 - MERSON BIRD.

32:42 - MEANWHILE.

32:44 - A DETACHMENT OF CALVARY ABOUT

32:46 - 35 OR 40 CAVALRY.

32:49 - >>ARE BROUGHT DOWN FROM CARL

32:51 - ALBERT. THERE ARE UNDER A

32:53 - TENANT MCCOY. AND WHAT HE DOES

32:56 - IS A HOLDING ACTION TO SEE ALL

32:59 - DAY TO SLOW DOWN

33:04 - AND HE HAS A SMALL AMOUNT OF

33:06 - MAN. BUT OF COURSE, HE'S

33:08 - CREATING THE ILLUSION THAT HE

33:09 - HAS MORE MAN AS HE HOLDS UP

33:12 - MCCAUSLAND MCCAUSLAND WILL

33:14 - FINALLY MAKE COMMERCIALS FOR

33:16 - AND THEY'LL BE A AN ACTION IN

33:18 - THE SQUARE NURSES. BIRD, WHAT

33:20 - WE MCCAUSLAND CAVALRY AND

33:23 - MCLEAN'S MAN. HE PUSHES

33:25 - MCLEAN'S MAN OUT OF MERCERSBURG

33:28 - AND THEN HE STOPS TO REST.

33:31 - SO ALL ON THE STREETS.

33:32 - IMMERSES FOR THE HIS COWER IN

33:35 - THE ONLY OTHER BE SLEEPING

33:37 - ALONG ON THE SIDEWALKS WERE

33:39 - LOOTING ALREADY STARTING TO

33:41 - LOSE.

33:42 - STARTING TO LOOT STORES IN

33:44 - MERCERSBURG THAT AFTER SEVERAL

33:46 - HOURS REST. BECAUSE ONE WILL

33:49 - MOUNT UP. HE'S CALM AGAIN AND

33:51 - HEAD

33:54 - CHAMBERSBURG THAT EVENING.

33:56 - HE'LL DO MORE SKIRMISHING WITH

33:57 - MCLEAN'S AND THEN HE'LL PUSH

34:01 - THEM.

34:03 - EAST BACK TO CHAMBERSBURG.

34:07 - EARLY ON. THE MORE IN THE EARLY

34:08 - MORNING DARKNESS OF THE 30 OF

34:11 - ACTUALLY THIS IT STARTED THIS

34:13 - TRACK ON THE 29TH. SO NOW WE'RE

34:16 - INTO THE 30TH AND THE EARLY

34:18 - MORNING DARKNESS, A 30 JULY

34:21 - 18. 64.

34:23 - THE REMNANT OF THE UNION FORCES

34:26 - IN CHAMBERSBURG.

34:28 - THIS IS COUCHES DEPARTMENT OF

34:30 - THE SUSQUEHANNA. WE ONLY HAD

34:32 - ABOUT 100 AND

34:34 - 40 CEMENT AND HE STARTS

34:36 - MOUNTING UP ALL HIS.

34:39 - MATERIAL ON THE TRAIN TO HEAD

34:41 - BACK TOWARD KARL OUT.

34:43 - HOWEVER, THEY'LL HAVE ONE

34:45 - SECTION OF THE FIRST NEW YORK

34:47 - LIGHT ARTILLERY WE ALL HAVE

34:49 - ELEMENTS OF MCLEAN'S. CAVALRY.

34:54 - AND A OF A MARYLAND CAVALRY

35:00 - OUT WEST OF TOWN.

35:03 - IN THE DARKNESS, MCCAUSLAND

35:05 - COLUMN.

35:07 - MARCHES ON AND THE FEDERAL

35:09 - FIERY.

35:11 - BALL, A CANISTER INTO THE

35:12 - CONFEDERATE CALL THAT SLOWS

35:15 - UP THE CONFEDERATES. THEY

35:16 - SUFFER COUPLE KILLED IN A

35:18 - COUPLE AND THE UNION TROOPS

35:22 - MAKE THEIR WAY BACK TO THE

35:24 - RAILROAD AND HEAD OUT OF TOWN.

35:28 - MCCAUSLAND HAS A COUNCIL HAS

35:30 - BREAKFAST WITH ALWAYS OFFICERS

35:32 - AND THAT'S WHERE THEY FIND OUT

35:34 - WHAT THEIR MISSION IS.

35:37 - TO GO THERE AND LEVY, THE

35:38 - TRIBUTE ON THE TOWN. WE'RE BURN

35:40 - IT.

35:44 - THEY ONLY ABOUT 800 SOME

35:46 - CONFEDERATE ACTUALLY GOING TO

35:49 - CHAMBERSBURG

35:52 - MCCAUSLAND. THERE'S 2800 MAN.

35:54 - REMEMBER, BUT MOST OF THEM,

35:56 - HE'S GOING TO KEEP ON THE RIDGE

35:57 - LINE WEST, TOO CHAMBERS FOR.

36:00 - THEY'LL FAR GET THE FOR A FEW

36:03 - ALWAYS INTO TOWN. JUST TO WARN

36:05 - THE TOWN THAT THEY'RE THERE.

36:07 - AND WHEN THEY ARRIVE IN.

36:09 - CHAMBERSBURG. THE FIRST THING

36:11 - THEY ASK IS WHERE'S THE TOWN

36:14 - COUNCIL?

36:15 - WELL, NOBODY WANTS TO VOLUNTEER

36:17 - STATE ARE ON THE TOWN COUNCIL.

36:19 - WELL, YOU GET A PROMINENT

36:20 - ATTORNEY AND HE GOES AROUND

36:23 - THE TOWN GET OTHER PROMINENT

36:26 - CITIZENS. THE GATHERS THEM UP

36:28 - AND IN FRONT OF THE COURTHOUSE

36:30 - AND THERE'S A PAINTING. WELL,

36:32 - THAT WAS

36:34 - ON IT.

36:37 - >>AT THE HERITAGE CENTER AND

36:38 - CHAMBER FOR WHERE HE.

36:41 - ADDRESSES.

36:43 - MCCAUSLAND ADDRESSES. THESE

36:44 - PROMINENT CITIZENS. TELLING

36:47 - THEM WHAT THEY'RE THERE FOR.

36:50 - THERE'S A LOT OF DEBATE ON HOW

36:51 - MUCH TIME AND HAVE BEFORE THEY

36:53 - GOT STARTED BURNING THAT OUT.

36:56 - >>NEEDLESS TO SAY, IT WAS, WAS

36:58 - IT LONG ENOUGH?

36:59 - >>TO SAVE THE TOWN? SO WHAT

37:02 - HAPPENS THE CONFEDERATE START

37:05 - BURNING THE TOWN RIGHT AT THE

37:06 - COURTHOUSE. WE START BY

37:08 - BREAKING UP

37:10 - >>FURNITURE AND ALL THE USE

37:12 - COAL OIL. NO POOR COAL, COAL

37:14 - OIL ALL OVER.

37:16 - >>AND SET. THE FIRE STARTS 8

37:18 - AND

37:20 - I READ THAT FIRST. THESE ARE

37:22 - FIRES ARE SPECIFIC, BUT THEN

37:25 - THAT IS THAT THE FIRE SPREADS.

37:27 - IT

37:27 - BECOMES GENERAL. AND THEN THE

37:30 - MEN, AS I MENTIONED EARLIER,

37:31 - BREAK INTO LIKE OR SUPPLY.

37:34 - >>AND THEY

37:35 - HARASSING THE CITIZENS. THEY

37:37 - START STEALING GOODS FROM THEIR

37:39 - HOUSES. START ARE AN INDIVIDUAL

37:43 - BASIS. THEY START

37:47 - TRIBUTES ON THE HOUSE WILL SAY,

37:50 - WELL, IF YOU GIVE ME SUCH AND

37:51 - SUCH, WE WON'T BURN YOUR HOUSE

37:55 - THAT BY SOME ACCOUNTS, THERE

37:57 - MAY HAVE BEEN MOLESTATION OF

37:59 - WOMEN.

37:59 - >>AS FAR AS WE KNOW, THERE'S

38:01 - ONE CITIZEN, THE DOT. THAT'S

38:04 - A A

38:06 - WELL EARLY AFRICAN AMERICAN

38:08 - MAN.

38:11 - >>HE IS EITHER HAS A HEART

38:13 - ATTACK OR HAS WAS OVERCOME BY

38:15 - SMOKE BECAUSE HEALED. GOOD COME

38:18 - OUT OF HIS HOUSE. THE

38:19 - CONFEDERATES HAVE A PLACE SET

38:21 - ON FIRE AND THEY'LL PUSHING

38:23 - BACK IN MAY JUST OUR HARASSMENT

38:26 - JUST PLAYING WITH IT. AND

38:27 - FINALLY, HE DIES. THE OTHER

38:30 - CASUALTIES. AND BY THE WAY,

38:32 - IT'S INTERESTING TO NOTE THAT

38:34 - THE FIRST CASUALTY IN THE CIVIL

38:35 - WAR AND CHAMBERSBURG. THERE'S

38:38 - AN 18 61 AND THAT'S AN AFRICAN

38:40 - AMERICAN MAN WHO RUNS A

38:42 - SO-CALLED DISORDERLY HOUSE.

38:45 - WHAT PEOPLE CAN USE THEIR

38:47 - IMAGINATION ON WHAT THAT IS.

38:49 - HOWEVER, HE'S ARE KILLED BY

38:51 - A BUNCH OF ROWDY UNION

38:53 - SOLDIERS. WE'VE COME TO TOWN.

38:55 - THIS. IS THAT IN 18, 60 WANT.

38:58 - THAT'S A LITTLE ASIDE. WHAT'S

39:00 - INTERESTING IS THERE ARE A

39:01 - NUMBER OF CONFEDERATE.

39:04 - DURING THE BURNING OF

39:05 - CHAMBERSBURG. ONE OF THE MORE

39:07 - PROMINENT

39:11 - CAPTAIN THE CAPTAIN BAILEY WITH

39:13 - THE 8TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY AND

39:16 - HE GETS DRUNK AND SEPARATED

39:18 - FROM HIS COMMAND.

39:20 - AND HE GETS OVERTAKEN BY A MOB

39:23 - OF ANGRY CITIZENS WHO EITHER

39:25 - BEING THE DEATHS ARE SHOOTING

39:26 - FOR BOTH.

39:29 - WANT TO COUNT SAYS THERE'S 2

39:30 - CONFEDERATE.

39:32 - THAT GET INSIDE A DRUG STORE

39:34 - AND SAID ON FIRE AND FIND OUT

39:36 - THEY'VE LOCKED THEMSELVES IN.

39:38 - AND THE OWNER OF A DRUGSTORE

39:40 - COMES BY AND FIRES. INTO IT

39:43 - THROUGH THE WINDOW WITH A

39:45 - SHOTGUN AND AND KILLS OR

39:47 - DISABLES BOTH OF THEM AND

39:49 - THEY'RE CONSUMED IN THE FLAMES.

39:51 - THERE'S A CONFEDERATE OFFICER.

39:53 - THAT'S A OVERTAKEN BY SOME

39:55 - CIVILIANS OUT OF THE VILLAGE OF

39:58 - SAINT THOMAS.

40:00 - AND HE'S TAKEN OUT INTO A FIELD

40:02 - IN EXECUTED.

40:04 - BURIED AT SAINT THOMAS. I THINK

40:06 - WAITER REMOVES OUT.

40:08 - THEN THERE'S THE YOUNG THE

40:10 - CONFEDERATE CAVALRY MEN THAT

40:13 - ENOUGH OR TOO LOUD AT THE

40:15 - BLACKSMITH'S SHOP. BECAUSE HIS

40:17 - HORSES THROWN A SHOE AND HE'S

40:20 - BRAGGING ABOUT ALL THE LOOTING

40:21 - AND HE SHOWS JEWELRY THAT HE'S

40:24 - CAPTURED WHEN CHAMBERS BIRD

40:26 - AND BLACKSMITH AS THE UNION

40:29 - ARMY VETERAN. SO WHEN THE

40:31 - OPPORTUNITY ARISES, THE

40:33 - BLACKSMITH, WE'LL TAKE HIS

40:35 - MALLET AND BRAIN THAT

40:37 - CONFEDERATE SOLDIER KILLING

40:39 - AND HE YOU CAN SEE HE'S GREAT

40:41 - IN THE STAYING OR HILL CEMETERY

40:43 - IN. THE FORT LOUDON. SO

40:48 - THOSE ARE CONFEDERATE SOLDIER

40:49 - KILLED ON THE RATE MCCAUSLAND

40:53 - AND AND JOHNSON'S BERG AGE MAKE

40:56 - IT ACROSS THE MOUNTAINS TO

40:57 - FULTON COUNTY TO MCCONNELLSBURG

41:01 - THEY'RE THE BIVOUAC. THAT'S THE

41:02 - LAST DAY OF WHACK OF THE

41:04 - CONFEDERACY DURING THE CIVIL

41:06 - WAR THEN THEY HAD TO HAND CAR

41:10 - AT HAND CAR.

41:12 - MCCAUSLAND DECIDES

41:15 - LEVY A TRIBUTE ON THAT MARYLAND

41:18 - TOWN.

41:19 - BUT IT'S A TOWN THAT'S THERE'S

41:21 - A LOT OF SOUTHERN SYMPATHIZERS.

41:24 - SO BRADLEY JOHNSON ARGUES WITH

41:26 - MCCAUSLAND.

41:29 - THERE'S ALMOST A MUTE. JOHNSON

41:32 - GETS HIS MARYLAND TROOPERS TO

41:34 - STAND GUARD ON ALL THE HOUSES

41:37 - IN HAND. CALL TO MAKE SURE THAT

41:39 - MCCAUSLAND VIRGINIANS DO NOT.

41:43 - LOOP THAT OUT.

41:46 - BEFORE THERE CAN BE A MUTINY

41:49 - YOU.

41:49 - UNION CAVALRY UNDER A RULE

41:52 - WHO'S HERE WAS FINALLY GIVEN

41:54 - CHASE CATCHES UP WITH IT WERE

41:58 - SHOTS EXCHANGED, HAND CAUGHT.

42:02 - THE RATE OR HARRY GILMORE'S

42:04 - WOUNDED SLIGHTLY IN THE BACK.

42:06 - THEN THEY HEADED ON TOWARD

42:07 - KABUL. THEIR ATTEMPT TO CAPTURE

42:10 - COME. BUT AND THEY FIGHT AFTER

42:12 - BATTLE FOLKS MILL, WHICH IS

42:15 - JUST EAST OF COMFORT.

42:17 - BUT THEY'RE DRIVEN BACK.

42:19 - THE MAYOR OF CUMBERLAND, THOSE

42:20 - GATHERED UP BESIDES THE FEW

42:22 - SOLDIERS THAT ARE THERE.

42:24 - HE'S GATHERED UP OVER 1000

42:26 - CITIZENS AND GIVEN THE MUSKET

42:27 - SON. WELL, BECAUSE OF THAT,

42:30 - HE'S NOT ABLE TO BREAK INTO

42:31 - CUMBERLAND BECAUSE HE'D HOPED

42:33 - TO DESTROY THE RAILROAD SHOPS

42:36 - CUMBER. HE MOVES ON INTO WEST

42:39 - VIRGINIA. WHITE SAID 2 OR 3

42:41 - OTHER SITES AND FINALLY 7

42:45 - AUGUST.

42:47 - RULES, CAVALRY CATCHES UP WITH

42:49 - HIM AT MOOREFIELD.

42:52 - WE'RE CHAMBERSBURG IS A VENT

42:54 - BECAUSE THEY CATCH THEM NAPPING

42:56 - EARLY IN THE MORNING AND

42:58 - OVERRUN THE CONFEDERATES AND

42:59 - CAPTURE A LARGE PORTION OF IT.

43:02 - OVER 800 PRISONERS AND MANY

43:05 - CARROTS AND KILLED HIM.

43:08 - >>WE HEARD

43:10 - ABOUT PEOPLE BEING HIT AND

43:12 - HAMMERS. PEOPLE BEING BURNING

43:14 - BUILDINGS. THESE AREN'T

43:15 - TRADITIONAL CASUALTIES. THE

43:17 - SOUNDS LIKE MURDER IN

43:18 - SOME CASES.

43:19 - >>IS THAT COMMON WELL? SOME

43:23 - OF THE THINGS WE'LL NEVER KNOW

43:25 - FOR US IN SIGHT. AND ONE OF

43:26 - MY BOOKS WAS THE MOST BECAUSE

43:28 - RANGERS AND THERE YOU ARE.

43:31 - YOU ALWAYS SEEM TO FIND OUT

43:33 - THINGS AFTER YOU WRITE A BOOK

43:35 - FROM FAMILIES OR WHATEVER.

43:36 - AND THERE I THINK THERE'S BEEN

43:38 - DE PERE DE SHUNS DONE THAT WILL

43:40 - NEVER GET IN THE HISTORY BOOKS.

43:42 - THIS IS WHERE WE HAVE A LEASE

43:43 - TO ITS BEEN CHRONICLED AND YOU

43:45 - CAN SAY THAT THERE'S MURDER,

43:46 - WHATEVER JUST FOR EXAMPLE,

43:49 - THERE'S A STORY THAT AND 64

43:51 - WHEN UNION CALVARY WAS IN THE

43:53 - SHENANDOAH VALLEY, THESE MEN

43:56 - CAME ACROSS STATE UNION COUNTY

43:58 - MAN WHO WAS LEAVING THE HOUSE

44:00 - WHO JUST RAPED A WOMAN. AND

44:02 - THE BAR WAS UNFAIR AND THAT'S

44:03 - ATTRACTED HIM. SO THEY TOOK

44:05 - HIM IN THE BARN. THEY TIED HIS

44:06 - LIMBS TO 2 HORSES AND HAD THE

44:09 - HORSES LEFT, THE BARN COME

44:11 - DOWN. WELL, THERE'S NO WRITTEN

44:12 - ACCOUNT OF THAT. THAT'S AN ORAL

44:13 - HISTORY FROM WHAT YOU KNOW.

44:15 - AND HERE'S AS KIND EXAMPLE.

44:17 - BUT ON THE OTHER HAND, WITH

44:18 - TED TED KNOWS US.

44:20 - THE FIRST TROOPS INTO

44:22 - CHAMBERSBURG WAS A 21ST

44:23 - VIRGINIA CALVARY UNDER COLONEL

44:24 - WILLIAM PETERS WHEN HE GOT THE

44:26 - ORDER HE REFUSED TO OBEY IT.

44:28 - AND THE CARS AND ARRESTED HIM.

44:31 - AVERAGE DISOBEDIENCE OF ORDER.

44:32 - BUT PETERS TOOK A PLAY FOR

44:35 - SURGEON YOU OUT OF THE TOWN.

44:36 - SO IT WASN'T HIS. THERE MIGHT

44:38 - HAVE BEEN SOME OF HIS MEN

44:39 - INVOLVED. BUT AS A UNIT, THEY

44:41 - WORK. THE MURDERS YOU SEE AND

44:44 - STUFF, IT'S ALL PART OF THE

44:45 - HIDDEN PART OF THE WAR THAT,

44:47 - YOU KNOW, PEOPLE DON'T WANT TO

44:48 - TALK ABOUT OR THAT WAS NOT

44:50 - WRITTEN DOWN YOU I'M SURE

44:53 - THERE'S MORE OF IT AND WE'LL

44:55 - NEVER KNOW.

44:56 - >>WHEN THE CONFEDERATE ARE IN

44:58 - CHAMBERSBURG, IT SOUNDS VERY

44:59 - DISORDERLY. YOU THINK

45:01 - MCCAUSLAND THE OTHER OFFICERS

45:03 - WERE WILLINGLY LOOKING THE

45:04 - OTHER WAY WHEN THIS WAS GOING

45:05 - ON?

45:06 - >>THERE'S ELEMENTS OF THAT.

45:07 - AND I THINK IT'S BECAUSE

45:11 - THESE MEN ARE SEEKING REVENGE

45:13 - FOR THESE ATROCITIES IN THE

45:15 - SHENANDOAH VALLEY IS JEFFREY'S

45:17 - POINT OUT.

45:21 - THAT THERE'S AGAIN AND NOT ONLY

45:23 - COLONEL PETERS. HE'S ONE OF

45:25 - THE MORE DRAMATIC OF THE PEOPLE

45:28 - THAT REFUSED TO TAKE PART IN

45:29 - THE BURNING.

45:31 - BUT THERE ARE OTHER INDIVIDUAL

45:32 - OFFICERS THAT TRY TO SAVE

45:37 - TRADITION HOLE. WHEN YOU'RE

45:40 - NOT CERTAIN ABOUT SOMETHING.

45:43 - A GOOD TOOL FOR A HISTORIAN

45:45 - IS TO SEE USE THAT TERM

45:47 - TRADITION HOLDS THAT THAT WAY.

45:50 - YOU'RE RIGHT ON THE MARKET.

45:52 - ANYWAY, TRADITION HOLDS THAT

45:55 - CONFEDERATE SPARED THE MASONIC

45:57 - TEMPLE. BECAUSE OF FELLOW.

46:00 - CONFEDERATE MASON. BUT MAYBE

46:03 - JUST MAYBE TRUE

46:08 - BUT THERE WERE.

46:10 - NUMEROUS ACCOUNTS OF RESISTANCE

46:13 - BY AND INDIVIDUAL CONFEDERATE

46:16 - SO THEY WERE ALL LOOTING.

46:18 - BUT THERE WAS A LOT OF IT GOING

46:19 - ON AND IT BRADLEY JOHNSON

46:24 - DETAILED SOME OF HIS MARYLAND

46:26 - CAVALRY

46:29 - GATHER UP ALL THE SOLDIERS THAT

46:31 - WERE DRAWN AND SCATTERED AROUND

46:34 - TOWN AND GET THEM ON THE BEFORE

46:39 - ANYTHING ELSE HAPPENED. YOU

46:40 - KNOW, IT'S INTERESTING TO NOTE.

46:46 - ONE CONFEDERATE GROUP WAS GOING

46:48 - OUT OF TOWN. THEY STOPPED THAT

46:50 - THE COUNTY SCHOOLS

46:52 - SUPERINTENDENT HOUSE. AND THEY

46:55 - ASK HIM IF HE'D

46:56 - EVER TAUGHT AFRICAN AMERICANS,

46:59 - BUT THEY USE THE N WORD.

47:00 - OF COURSE, THEY DIDN'T SAY

47:01 - THAT. WELL, HE ANSWERED IN THE

47:03 - AFFIRMATIVE AND THEY BURNED HIS

47:05 - HOUSE DOWN BECAUSE OF THAT.

47:07 - >>ONE THING WE ALWAYS COME BACK

47:08 - TO YOU DURING THIS EVENT AND

47:10 - EVENTS LIKE THIS IS THE WORD

47:11 - REVENGE. HOW DID THE NORTHERN

47:14 - PRESS AND SOUTHERN PRESSED?

47:16 - SHOW THE BATTLE OF CHAMBERSBURG

47:18 - THE BURNING OF CHANGES. FIRST.

47:20 - >>WELL, SOUTHERN PRESS WAS

47:23 - ECSTATIC. YOU KNOW, IT'S IT'S.

47:26 - FINALLY WE GOT BACK AT THEM.

47:28 - THE YANKEES, YOU KNOW. THE

47:30 - NORTHERN PRESS WAS A MIXED BAG

47:33 - EVEN TO THE POINT WHERE NEW

47:34 - YORK NEWSPAPERS CAME OUT AND

47:37 - EDITORIALS BLAMING THE PEOPLE.

47:40 - CHAMBERSBURG. FOR WHAT

47:43 - HAPPENED. THEY HAD RESISTED

47:45 - OR NOT.

47:46 - WHERE WAS WAS IN SOME EDITORIAL

47:50 - >>WELL, IT'S IT'S A

47:52 - INTERESTING, THAT WAS THE MEDIA

47:55 - BACK THEN CONTROVERSIAL AS IT

47:57 - IS TODAY. SOME THINGS NEVER

47:59 - CHANGE THAT. YEAH.

48:01 - >>NOW IT'S THE SAME WAY.

48:02 - LIKE INTERESTINGLY, THOUGH.

48:04 - THE PRECURSOR TO THIS, OF

48:05 - COURSE, WAS JOE WAS RAID INTO

48:07 - MARYLAND. WHAT PEOPLE MUST

48:10 - UNDERSTAND ABOUT THIS IS.

48:12 - LEE HAS A REPUTATION AS IT

48:14 - TAKEN RISK, TAKING GAMBLES.

48:16 - BUT IT WAS ALWAYS CALCULATED

48:17 - HIS MIND.

48:18 - THIS RATE OF EARLY'S AND EARLY

48:20 - WAS SENT TO SAVE LYNCHBURG AND

48:23 - THEN HE WAS GIVEN DISCRETIONARY

48:24 - ORDERS. IF HE WANTED TO GO DOWN

48:25 - THE VALLEY MEAN OR DOWN THE

48:27 - SHADOW CROSSING THE POTOMAC.

48:30 - AND WHEN THE MARYLAND LEE WAS

48:31 - TRYING TO CHANGE THE DYNAMICS

48:33 - IN THE EAST BECAUSE ONCE THE

48:35 - ARMY, BUT TOMMY CROSS THE

48:36 - RABBIT AND RIVER GRANT HAD TO

48:39 - HE WAS THE ONE DICTATING THE.

48:41 - THE CAMPAIGN'S WASN'T LEE

48:43 - ANYMORE. WE HAD FOR THE

48:44 - BASICALLY THE 2 PREVIOUS YEARS.

48:46 - NOW IT'S GRANT. THIS WAS LEE'S

48:48 - LAST BOLD GAMBLE, IF YOU WILL.

48:50 - WELL, WHEN IT HAPPENED IN EARLY

48:52 - IS IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF

48:53 - WASHINGTON, THE NEW YORK TIMES

48:56 - AS EARLY LEADS. THE NEW YORK

48:57 - TIMES EDITORIALIZED THAT THE

48:59 - BACK DOOR, THE SHENANDOAH

49:00 - VALLEY WAS LEFT OPEN ONCE

49:02 - AGAIN. REMEMBER, THIS IS THE

49:04 - STONEWALL JACKSON IN 18.

49:05 - 62. AND NOW ONCE AGAIN, THE

49:07 - CONFEDERATES ARE USING THIS.

49:09 - AND SO SOMETHING HAS TO BE DONE

49:11 - ABOUT THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY,

49:13 - THE BURNING OF CHAMBERSBURG

49:15 - IS THE FINAL STRAW. AS FAR AS

49:17 - LINCOLN'S CONCERN. IN FACT,

49:19 - LITERALLY THE NEXT DAY LINCOLN

49:21 - MEETS WITH GRANTS AS WELL.

49:23 - WE HAVE TO DO SOMETHING.

49:25 - WHY I'M SURE IT AND SAY, LOOK,

49:27 - MY CAMPAIGN CAN'T TAKE THIS

49:29 - ANYMORE AND THAT'S WHEN GRANT

49:31 - THE SIZE 2 SURPRISED BY THE

49:34 - LINCOLN IN THE SECTOR. WE'RE

49:35 - STANDING. THEY APPOINTED FIELD

49:37 - SHERIDAN AND ACTUALLY MADE AN

49:39 - ARMY TO CONTEND WITH THE

49:42 - FAMILY, IF YOU WILL, SHUT THE

49:43 - BACK DOOR. THE SHENANDOAH

49:44 - VALLEY. SO THAT CHAMBERSBURG

49:46 - SIMPLY. WHAT I MEAN. THIS IS A

49:50 - ALL RIGHT. ED POINTS OUT.

49:51 - BUT I REMIND PEOPLE. EVEN THE

49:53 - AND 63 WELL, I GUESS WE TEND TO

49:56 - FORGET IT'S A LITTLE BIT TODAY,

49:58 - BUT PENS, PENNSYLVANIA WAS FREE

49:59 - SOIL. PENNSYLVANIA WAS A HOME

50:01 - IN THE DECLARATION OF

50:02 - INDEPENDENCE AND THE

50:02 - CONSTITUTION UNITED STATES.

50:04 - AND THAT MEANT SOMETHING.

50:06 - 2 AMERICANS. IN THE 19TH

50:08 - CENTURY. SO HERE WE WILL.

50:10 - ONCE AGAIN, WE HAVE THIS TOWN

50:12 - IN PENNSYLVANIA.

50:14 - LITERALLY BURNED HUNDREDS AND

50:16 - HUNDREDS OF BUSINESSES AND

50:17 - BUILDINGS BURNED.

50:18 - >>AND IT LOOKED LIKE THE

50:19 - LINCOLN ADMINISTRATION SIMPLY.

50:22 - WAS NOT ABLE TO DO ANYTHING

50:24 - ABOUT IT. AND SO LINCOLN

50:25 - FINALLY SAID, NO, WE WE HAVE TO

50:27 - AS WE HAVE TO SETTLE THIS WITH

50:29 - THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY.

50:31 - >>AS HISTORIANS AS WE TALK

50:33 - ABOUT THIS, IF THERE'S ONE

50:34 - TAKEAWAY FROM THE BURNING OF

50:36 - CHAMBERSBURG IN THE GREATER

50:38 - SPECTRUM, THE WAR, IN YOUR

50:40 - OPINION, WHAT SHOULD BE?

50:42 - >>BIG LEGACY OF THE MACAWS IN

50:44 - RAID AND THE BURNING OF

50:45 - CHAMBERSBURG GOES FAR BEYOND.

50:49 - JUST LOCAL HISTORY. FOR MANY

50:51 - YEARS. IT WAS TREES. JUST A

50:53 - FOOTNOTE AND CIVIL WAR HISTORY

50:55 - AND LOOKED UP ON SOMETHING THAT

50:57 - WAS JUST LOCAL HISTORY. BUT THE

51:00 - LEGACY GOES FAR BEYOND LOCAL

51:02 - HISTORY.

51:05 - MCCAUSLAND RE AND THE BURNING

51:07 - OF CHAMBERSBURG.

51:11 - AS JEFF HAS MENTIONED.

51:13 - SIGNALED TO THE LINCOLN

51:15 - ADMINISTRATION THAT THEY HAVE

51:17 - TO. DO BETTER.

51:21 - THE LOWER SHENANDOAH VALLEY

51:24 - AND SOUTHERN HUMBLE ABOUT.

51:30 - THE MORE UNIFIED COMMAND WITH

51:32 - PHILIP SHERIDAN AND THERE'S THE

51:34 - NEED FOR BETTER MOBILITY TO

51:37 - FEND OFF ANY FURTHER RATE.

51:39 - SO YOU HAVE THE MORE TOP.

51:42 - QUALITY.

51:44 - CAVALRY BROUGHT IN COASTERS

51:46 - COMMAND AND OTHERS. SO I THE

51:52 - IMPORTANT HAVE IT DOES HAVE

51:55 - AN IMPACT.

51:56 - IN THE BIG PICTURE, THE WAR IN

51:58 - THE EAST.

52:01 - >>JUST FOR LITERALLY LOOK A

52:04 - LITTLE MORE THAN 3 WEEKS LATER.

52:07 - LINCOLN CALLS A CABINET MEETING

52:09 - AT THE WHITE HOUSE AND HE HAD

52:10 - PREPARED A LETTER AND WHICH SHE

52:12 - HAD WRITTEN THE MEMBERS OF THE

52:15 - CABINET.

52:17 - >>SWEAR IF YOU THEIR LOYALTY

52:20 - TO THE NEW ADMINISTRATION.

52:22 - YOU KNOW WHERE THEY WILL WORK

52:23 - WITH THE NEW ADMINISTRATION

52:24 - COOLING CAN FULLY THOUGHT AT

52:26 - THAT TIME WOULD NOT BE HIM.

52:28 - AND HE HAD TO KEEP EACH CABINET

52:30 - MEMBER SIGNED A LETTER. THEY

52:31 - WERE NOT ALLOWED TO READ IT.

52:33 - AND THIS IS AUGUST 23RD BECAUSE

52:36 - CHAMBERSBURG IS A SAYS OVER

52:38 - 3 WEEKS AGO ON THE SAME DAY

52:40 - AT CHAMBERSBURG UNION ARMY AND

52:43 - PETERSBURG BLEW UP THE MINE

52:45 - THAT RESULT IN THE BATTLE OF

52:46 - THE CRATER, WHICH WAS A UNION

52:47 - DISASTER. THERE. WE ACTUALLY

52:50 - HAD A TRI-CITIES OF AFRICAN

52:52 - AMERICAN SOLDIERS SHOT DOWN

52:54 - AFTER THEY SURRENDERED. ALL

52:56 - THESE THINGS ARE IN THE NEWS.

52:58 - THEN EVERYTHING CHANGES.

53:00 - WELL, SEPTEMBER, THE SECOND

53:01 - WHEN PHILIP SHERIDAN

53:04 - TELEGRAPH'S WASHINGTON SAYS THE

53:06 - LAND IS OURS AND FAIRLY ONE

53:08 - AND BEGINNING ON SEPTEMBER,

53:10 - THE 19TH IN THE SHENANDOAH

53:12 - VALLEY, PHILIP SHERIDAN WILL

53:13 - PUT TOGETHER A MONTH OF

53:16 - VICTORIES AT 3RD WINCHESTER,

53:18 - FISHER'S HILL, TOM BROOK.

53:20 - AND FINALLY, CEDAR CREEK.

53:23 - HE WILL DO A SYSTEMATIC

53:26 - DESTRUCTION OF BARNS AND MILLS

53:29 - IN THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY THAT

53:31 - EVEN TO THIS DAY IN THE

53:32 - SHENANDOAH VALLEY IS KNOWN AS

53:34 - THE BURNING. SO THAT IN ALL

53:36 - THIS. BUT JAMES BERG STANDS

53:38 - OUT. IS THAT SIGNAL EVENT HERE

53:40 - THAT FAMILY LINCOLN HAD TO DO

53:43 - SOMETHING ABOUT THE VALLEY.

53:45 - GRANTED THEY SHOULD BE NOR DID

53:47 - IT NOT. HIS CONCENTRATION WAS

53:48 - ON LEAVE. AND SO YOU HAVE THAT

53:51 - EARLIER AND DEFEATS IN MAY.

53:52 - AND AND AND JULY AGAIN IN THE

53:55 - VALLEY. AND SO FINALLY, THIS IS

53:58 - THIS THE ONE THING THAT LINCOLN

54:00 - I MEAN, LOOK AT IT AS A SAID,

54:01 - LITERALLY LEFT THE WHITE HOUSE

54:03 - TO MEET WITH GRANT TO SAY

54:05 - SOMETHING HAS TO BE DONE AND

54:06 - WHEN THEY DO THAT, BURNING.

54:08 - >>A LOT OF THE TROOPS ARE

54:10 - YELLING, REMEMBER CHAMBERSBURG.

54:11 - YES. I MIGHT ADD ONE OTHER

54:14 - THING IF I MAY

54:16 - >>ANOTHER LEGACY OF

54:18 - CHAMBERSBURG. I BELIEVE.

54:22 - PERHAPS IT WE WOULD REQUIRE

54:24 - MORE RESEARCH. WHAT I BELIEVE.

54:26 - IT'S AN EXAMPLE OF ONE OF THE

54:28 - FIRST NATIONAL RELIEF EFFORTS

54:30 - IN THE UNITED STATES. CHURCH

54:36 - BRING FOOD FOR THE PEOPLE AND

54:38 - SUPPLIES.

54:40 - FRATERNAL GROUPS LIKE THE ODD

54:42 - FELLOWS SEND OUT CIRCULARS

54:45 - ACROSS THE. THE NORTH TO RAISE

54:48 - FUNDS FOR THAT SUFFERING AT

54:51 - CHAMBERSBURG SO I THINK IT'S AN

54:53 - EARLY EXAMPLE OF THAT. A

54:55 - NATIONAL RELIEF EFFORT IN THE

54:57 - UNITED STATES.

55:00 - >>ON THAT NOTE, IT LIKE TO

55:01 - THANK MY GUESTS FOR JOINING US

55:02 - TODAY. AS ALWAYS, IF YOU HAVE

55:04 - QUESTIONS ABOUT TODAY'S EPISODE

55:06 - OR RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE

55:07 - EPISODES, PLEASE VISIT OUR

55:09 - WEBSITE AT PCN TV DOT COM WHERE

55:12 - EVERYONE HERE BATTLEFIELD

55:13 - PENNSYLVANIA. I'M BRADY CRITES

55:15 - ARE SAYING SO LONG.