00:28 - >>HELLO, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN.

00:29 - AND WELCOME TO BATTLEFIELD

00:31 - PENNSYLVANIA. TODAY WE'RE ON

00:33 - LOCATION AT MONTEREY PAST

00:34 - BATTLEFIELD PARK IN FRANKLIN

00:35 - COUNTY.

00:37 - IN THE SUMMER OF 18. 63, THE

00:38 - UNION ARMY CELEBRATING ITS

00:40 - GREATEST VICTORY AT GETTYSBURG

00:42 - AND ROBERT E LEE'S ARMY OF

00:43 - NORTHERN VIRGINIA ONCE AGAIN

00:44 - HAD TO ESCAPE BACK SOUTH.

00:46 - THIS MOUNTAIN PASS. THE REAR

00:49 - GUARD. THE CONFEDERATES CAME

00:50 - UNDER ATTACK BY PURSUING UNION

00:51 - CAVALRY. THE RESULTING BATTLE

00:53 - LASTED WELL INTO THE NIGHT AND

00:55 - IN THE MIDDLE OF A TORRENTIAL

00:56 - RAINSTORM. IT WAS A TERRIBLE

00:58 - REMINDER TO EVERYONE INVOLVED.

01:00 - THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG AND UP

01:01 - IN THE END OF ANYTHING AND THE

01:02 - CIVIL WAR WAS FAR FROM OVER.

01:05 - I'M YOUR HOST BREAK, RIGHT,

01:06 - SIR. JOINING ME TODAY TO

01:08 - DISCUSS THE BATTLE OF MONTEREY

01:09 - PAST AS MONTEREY PAST

01:11 - BATTLEFIELD SITE HISTORIAN JOHN

01:13 - MILLER. AND AUTHOR JD PATRISSE

01:16 - IT. GENTLEMEN, THANK YOU BOTH

01:17 - FOR BEING HERE. THANK YOU.

01:19 - JOHN. YOU KNOW MORE ABOUT THE

01:20 - SITE THAN ANYONE ELSE. YOU'VE

01:21 - BEEN HERE MORE THAN ANYONE

01:22 - ELSE. WHAT FIRST BROUGHT YOUR

01:24 - ATTENTION TO MONTEREY PAST

01:25 - BATTLEFIELD PARK? WELL, WHAT

01:26 - BROUGHT MY ATTENTION TO SEVERAL

01:29 - YEARS AGO AS A U.S. ABOUT LOCAL

01:30 - CIVIL WAR HISTORY. WHEN I WAS

01:32 - DOWN IN EMMITSBURG, MARYLAND,

01:34 - >>FOUND BITS AND PIECES ABOUT

01:35 - THIS BATTLE THAT OCCURRED

01:36 - APPEAR ON TOP OF THE MOUNTAIN

01:38 - AND JUST FROM THERE JUST

01:39 - UNCOVERING MORE AND MORE

01:40 - INFORMATION ABOUT IT. I WAS

01:42 - MORE INTRIGUED ABOUT WHAT

01:43 - HAPPENED HERE, WHICH OUT

01:45 - ALTERNATELY LED ME TO WANTING

01:46 - TO BE MORE INVOLVED WITH IT AS

01:49 - FAR AS PRESERVING IT AS WELL AS

01:51 - RAISING AWARENESS ABOUT WHAT

01:53 - WE WOULD CALL AS GETTYSBURG,

01:54 - FORGOTTEN 4TH DAY.

01:56 - >>CAN YOU TALK A LITTLE ABOUT

01:57 - THE SIZE OF THE PARK? WHAT WE

01:58 - SEE TONIGHT.

01:59 - >>TODAY, THE PARK, THE ACTUAL

02:01 - SAWS. AND FOR TODAY, IT'S 2

02:03 - ACRES OF LAND WITH THE MUSEUM.

02:05 - HOWEVER, NEXT YEAR WE'RE

02:06 - OPENING UP 120 ACRES OF

02:08 - PROPERTY WILL HAVE BATTLEFIELD

02:10 - TRAILS THAT WILL GO THROUGH.

02:12 - EXPLAIN THE KEY POSITIONS OF

02:14 - WE'RE GENERAL CUSTER HAD BO

02:16 - THE POINT. HE'S PRO-GAY THAT

02:17 - AS WELL AS THE MORE I FURNACE

02:19 - ROAD WHERE THERE WAS ANOTHER

02:20 - CONFEDERATE BATTLE, ONE THAT

02:21 - WAS FORMING UP JUST TOWARD ON

02:23 - JULY 5TH.

02:25 - AND THIS ROAD HERE ACTUALLY HAS

02:26 - ITS ROOTS DATING BACK TO THE

02:28 - COLONIAL DAYS, WHICH MAKES THIS

02:29 - MORE OR LESS A MULTI COACH

02:32 - RHULE. MULTI-USE PORK.

02:34 - >>JAMIE, YOU WERE A NUMBER OF

02:35 - BOOKS ON THE CIVIL WAR. TALK

02:37 - ABOUT YOUR HISTORY WITH US AND

02:38 - THEN VERY SIMILAR TO JOHN.

02:41 - HAVE ALWAYS HAD A VERY DEEP

02:43 - INTEREST IN THE CABINET.

02:45 - SO BECAUSE OF THAT STUDY, ONE

02:49 - OF THE THINGS THAT TAKES YOU

02:50 - INTO OR ALL OF THOSE

02:52 - ENGAGEMENTS THAT SORT OF

02:53 - SURROUND THE MAIN GETTYSBURG

02:55 - BATTLE AND THE CAMPAIGN AS WELL

02:59 - AS A LOT OF MORE OBSCURE AND

03:01 - UNHEARD AND AND UNKNOWN AND

03:03 - AGENTS DURING THE CIVIL WAR.

03:05 - I'VE ALWAYS HAD QUITE AN

03:07 - AFFINITY FOR GEORGE CUSTER.

03:08 - YOU KNOW, LIKE A LOT OF PEOPLE

03:10 - AND STUDYING THOSE CHARACTERS

03:11 - THAT THAT MAKE IT SO TO KIND

03:14 - OF STUDY THE PERSONALITIES OF

03:16 - THE PEOPLE INVOLVED HERE.

03:17 - WE HAVE JOHNSON KILPATRICK ON

03:20 - THE FEDERAL SIDE AS THE FEDERAL

03:21 - COMMANDER GENERAL CRUMBLE JONES

03:25 - ON THE CONFEDERATE SIDE.

03:26 - GREAT PERSONALITIES JUST TO

03:27 - STUDY. AND THAT'S ONE OF THE

03:28 - THINGS I DON'T KNOW WHY.

03:29 - BUT IT KIND OF SEEMS LIKE THE

03:31 - THE REAL FLAMBOYANT, VERY

03:33 - INTERESTING CHARACTERS SEEM TO

03:34 - GRAVITATE TOWARDS THE COVERAGE

03:36 - ENGAGEMENT SUCH AS MODERATE

03:37 - PASS AND THE OTHER, YOU

03:39 - ACTUALLY MORE THAN 4 DOZEN

03:41 - OTHER ENGAGEMENTS THAT HAPPENED

03:42 - DURING THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN

03:44 - ARE PRIMARILY 5 BY THE CALVARY.

03:46 - SO ONE OF THE EVENTS THAT, YOU

03:48 - KNOW, I BACK WHEN I WAS, YOU

03:51 - KNOW, REALLY GETTING KIND OF

03:52 - DEEP INTO THIS 25, 30 YEARS

03:54 - AGO WAS ONE RIGHT PAST AND AS

03:57 - IT TURNS OUT IS JOHN WELL

03:58 - KNOWS. THIS IS THE SECOND

03:59 - LARGEST ENGAGEMENT THAT HAPPENS

04:01 - IN PENNSYLVANIA DURING THE

04:03 - GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN, YOU KNOW,

04:04 - LET ALONE THE THE CIVIL WAR

04:07 - YOU HAVE SEVERAL 1000 ON BOTH

04:10 - SIDES THAT ARE INTO THE MAIN

04:12 - ARMED COMBAT ALONG WITH ALL THE

04:14 - SUPPORT PERSONNEL AND EVERYBODY

04:16 - ELSE INVOLVED A HUGE ENGAGEMENT

04:18 - AND WHEN WE'RE ALL LOOKING AT

04:20 - THIS, YOU KNOW, SEVERAL DECADES

04:21 - AGO IN STUDYING IT BACK WHEN I

04:22 - HAD A FULL HEAD OF

04:24 - >>HAHA, THAT KIND OF GIVES YOU

04:25 - AN IDEA THERE WAS REALLY NO

04:29 - INTERPRETATION UP HERE. NO LAND

04:30 - HAVE BEEN KNOW PLAQUES. NO

04:33 - MEMORIALS AND MONUMENTS.

04:35 - YOU KNOW, NOBODY EVER CAME HERE

04:37 - OVER THE YEARS AND GAVE GREAT

04:38 - SPEECHES, YOU KNOW, TO TO BIG

04:40 - MONUMENTS.

04:41 - >>AND FOR THAT REASON, WE

04:43 - REALLY HAVE TO THANK JOHN AND

04:45 - HIS BOARD OF DIRECTORS IN ALL

04:46 - HIS PEOPLE THAT HAVE WORKED SO

04:48 - HARD TO SAVE. SO MUCH APPEARS

04:50 - THAT WE CAN ALL ENJOY THE

04:50 - STUDY. IT.

04:52 - >>NOW WE KNOW BATTLES DON'T

04:53 - HAPPEN RANDOMLY. FOLLOW CIVIL

04:55 - WAR BATTLES. YOU'RE FINE.

04:56 - RIVERS, YOUR PHONE, REAL ROADS.

04:58 - WE TALK ABOUT MOUNTAIN PASSES

04:59 - LIKE THIS ONE AND WHY THEY'RE

05:00 - SO IMPORTANT.

05:02 - >>WELL, THIS MOUNT PASS HERE

05:03 - WAS VERY IMPORTANT BECAUSE OF

05:05 - THE UNIQUENESS OF THE CAP

05:07 - ITSELF. NOWHERE ON SELF MOUNT.

05:09 - THE YOU HAVE SEVERAL

05:11 - INTERCONNECTING ROADS THAT

05:12 - ANCHOR ON TO THAT WHOLE HELL.

05:13 - SO BASICALLY APPEAR OLD

05:14 - MONTEREY PASS AREA. THEY REALLY

05:17 - CONTROLLED THE AREA OF THE TOLL

05:18 - HOUSE BASICALLY WHAT CONTROL

05:20 - THE FLOW OF TRAFFIC, WHETHER IT

05:22 - BE MILITARY OR GOODS ARE

05:24 - ANYTHING ALONG THOSE LINES FOR

05:26 - THE CONFEDERATE ARMY WHEN

05:27 - THEY'RE PULLING OUT A

05:28 - RETREATING OUT OF GETTYSBURG

05:30 - BECAUSE OF THE WAY THAT THE

05:31 - ROAD LEAD FROM GETTYSBURG TO

05:33 - WILLIAMSPORT WITH THOSE ROOTS

05:35 - DATING BACK TO THE GREAT WAGON

05:36 - ROAD. IT ONLY MADE SENSE FOR

05:38 - LEE TO USE THIS SUPER

05:40 - PENNSYLVANIA HIGHWAY, SO TO

05:41 - SPEAK.

05:42 - >>HOWEVER, IT'S A NARROW

05:43 - MOUNTAIN PASS.

05:46 - WITH THE FIGHTING, THEN TOOK

05:47 - THE TOOK PLACE UP HERE.

05:51 - WE JUST DON'T FIGHT A BATTLE IN

05:52 - THE MIDDLE OF THE DARK. AND A

05:54 - NARROW MOUNTAIN PASS AS WELL

05:56 - AS THAT WRENSHALL RAIN FALLS

05:57 - THAT OCCURRED DURING THE NIGHT,

05:59 - WHICH IS WHAT MAKES THIS BATTLE

06:01 - TRULY TRULY AND SPECIALLY VERY

06:03 - INTERESTING TO MAY.

06:06 - >>EVEN THOUGH LEE INVADED

06:07 - PENNSYLVANIA SEEMINGLY ENEMY

06:08 - TERRITORY, THE CONFEDERATES

06:10 - KNOW WHERE ALL THESE MOM PASSES

06:11 - WERE.

06:13 - >>WE'VE HAD SOME OF THE FIRST

06:14 - TERM US FRANKLIN COUNTY THAT

06:16 - TOOK UP HERE IN MONTERREY, PASS

06:18 - AS EARLY AS JUNE 22ND WHEN

06:21 - DETACHMENTS OF CARRIED THAT ARE

06:22 - GOING TOWARD CHAMBERSBURG.

06:24 - WE'RE BASICALLY FORAGING FOR

06:25 - SUPPLIES

06:27 - THE 14TH, VIRGINIA CARRY ONE UP

06:29 - AGAINST UNION. MELISSA MOORE

06:32 - 100 SO TO SPEAK, MADE THEIR

06:35 - WAY OVER TOWARD KELDON, WHICH

06:36 - IS BASICALLY CASSTOWN GET TODAY

06:39 - A COUPLE DAYS LATER HE HAD THE

06:41 - SKIRMISH OF FOUND A ON WHICH

06:43 - UNION CAVALRY OF COLE'S WORK

06:44 - HOLES CARRY CAME THROUGH THE

06:46 - AREA AND OF COURSE, GENERAL

06:47 - BUFORD. AND HIS CAVALRY

06:48 - DIVISION CAME THROUGH AND THEY

06:50 - ACTUALLY SAW THE DEATH THE DUST

06:52 - BEING KICKED UP IN THE

06:53 - BACKGROUND OF THE CUMBERLAND

06:54 - VALLEY AND JUST BECAUSE OF THE

06:56 - OBSERVATIONS MADE IN THIS AREA

06:58 - HERE HE KNEW THAT THERE'S GOING

07:00 - TO BE A MAJOR BATTLE THAT WE'RE

07:02 - UP SOMEWHERE IN SOUTH CENTRAL

07:03 - PENNSYLVANIA.

07:05 - >>JD, YOU WROTE A BOOK ONE

07:06 - CONTINUOUS FIGHT NOT JUST

07:08 - STUDYING GETTYSBURG, BUT THE

07:09 - CAMPAIGN AROUND THAT RIGHT

07:11 - AFTER THE BATTLE, WHAT

07:12 - CHALLENGES WAS ROBERT E LEE

07:13 - FACED? MAJOR CHALLENGES BEYOND.

07:18 - >>JUST WHAT HE HAD SUFFERED IN

07:20 - THE MAIN BATTLE YOU KNOW, THE

07:22 - NUMBER OF CASUALTIES HE HADN'T

07:24 - AS ARMY. AND, YOU KNOW, WE CAN

07:26 - WE CAN SORT OF DEBATE THE ABOUT

07:29 - HOW YOU CAN ACTUALLY TALLY UP

07:30 - HOW LARGE THE ARMY OF NORTHERN

07:32 - VIRGINIA WAS. BUT IF WE USE ARE

07:34 - REALLY NO GOOD ACCEPTED NUMBER

07:35 - ABOUT AND THEN TAKE AWAY FROM

07:38 - THAT AT LEAST 25% THAT HE

07:41 - SUFFERS AT THE BATTLE.

07:43 - IN HIS OFFICER CORPS WAS REALLY

07:45 - DECIMATED A GETTYSBURG, IN

07:46 - FACT, SOMETHING THAT HE IS

07:47 - REALLY GOING TO HAVE A

07:48 - DIFFICULT TIME RECOVERING FROM,

07:50 - YOU KNOW, FOR THE REST OF THE

07:50 - WAR AS CASUALTIES. A VERY

07:53 - SIMILAR TO GEORGE MEADE'S

07:54 - FEDERAL ARMY, WHICH WAS LARGER.

07:56 - BUT MEADE'S OFFICER CORPS

07:58 - DIDN'T SUFFER AS MUCH. SO

07:59 - THAT'S ONE OF THE BIG

08:00 - CHALLENGES THAT HE'S GOING TO

08:02 - FACE. WE NOT ONLY FOR THE REST

08:04 - OF THE WAR ITSELF, BUT GETTING

08:06 - COULD COMMANDERS ON THE GROUND

08:09 - THAT HER EXPERIENCE THAT ARE

08:11 - GOING TO BE ABLE TO COMMAND AND

08:12 - LEE DURING THIS RETREAT, WHICH

08:15 - IS THAT THAT SECOND MAJOR

08:16 - CHALLENGE NOW HE'S DECIDED TO

08:19 - RETREAT FROM THE BATTLEFIELD

08:20 - OF GETTYSBURG. HE NEEDS TO

08:22 - FIGURE OUT EXACTLY HOW TO DO IT

08:24 - SAFELY AND GET HIS MEN, YOU

08:26 - KNOW, DOWN IN 2, WHAT WHAT WHAT

08:29 - IS WEST VIRGINIA TODAY IN PARTS

08:30 - OF VIRGINIA AND ACROSS THE

08:31 - POTOMAC AS AS JOHN MENTIONED,

08:34 - YOU KNOW, THESE MOUNTAIN PASSES

08:35 - ARE REALLY A GATEWAY TO THAT

08:37 - SAFE AREA AROUND HAGERSTOWN.

08:39 - AND THEN ON TO WILLIAMSPORT,

08:41 - THE FALLING WATERS WHERE WHERE

08:42 - THE CROSSINGS ARE. EVERYTHING

08:44 - SORT OF FUNNELS THROUGH THESE

08:45 - MOUNTAIN PASSES. THIS IS BACK

08:47 - IN THE DAY, OBVIOUSLY 150 YEARS

08:48 - AGO. WE DON'T HAVE LARGE

08:49 - EARTH-MOVING EQUIPMENT. WE CAN

08:50 - PRETTY MUCH PUT A ROAD WHERE WE

08:51 - WANT, YOU KNOW, TODAY BACK THEN

08:53 - A LOT OF THEM, AS HE SAID, LIKE

08:55 - DURING COLONIAL TIMES, YOU

08:56 - KNOW, THESE WERE THESE WERE

08:57 - REALLY THE HIGHWAYS OVER THE

08:59 - MOUNTAINS MANY OF THESE ROADS

09:01 - AND MOUNTAIN PASSES FOLLOWED

09:02 - ON INDIAN TRAIL TO KNOW, FOR

09:03 - INSTANCE, AND THIS WAS ALL THEY

09:05 - COULD USE COUPLED WITH THE FACT

09:08 - AND HERE MAYBE IF YOU WANT TO

09:09 - LOOK AT IT, THE SORT OF THAT

09:10 - 3RD CHALLENGE ON TOP OF THOSE

09:11 - FIRST 2 THAT THE ROBERT E LEE

09:13 - IS REALLY FACING IS THE FACT

09:14 - THAT THE WEATHER IS ABSOLUTELY

09:16 - HORRENDOUS AFTER GETTYSBURG

09:19 - ON THE DRIVE HERE, WE KIND OF

09:21 - GOT A BIT OF A TASTE OF IT.

09:22 - WENT TO THE SKIES KIND OF OPEN

09:23 - AND WE HAD THUNDER AND

09:24 - LIGHTNING AND TORRENTIAL

09:25 - DOWNPOURS. THEN THE ROADS HERE,

09:28 - YOU KNOW, WERE ALREADY BAD

09:29 - ENOUGH WHEN THEY WERE DRY AND

09:30 - IT WAS RAINING. SO HARD.

09:33 - ANYBODY HAS EVER STUDIED THIS

09:34 - PERIOD AFTER GETTYSBURG DURING

09:36 - THEIR TREE CAN TELL YOU THAT

09:37 - THEY READ THE LETTER AFTER

09:38 - LETTER AND DIARY AFTER DIARY.

09:40 - >>OF KNEE-DEEP MUD IN THE

09:42 - WAGONS, GETTING STOCK AND SO

09:43 - FORTH. AND YOU THOUSANDS AND

09:46 - THOUSANDS OF WOUNDED. AND IN

09:47 - LEE'S ARMY THAT ARE JUST

09:48 - SUFFERING, YOU KNOW, IN THESE

09:51 - THAT HAVE NO SPRINGS, NOTHING

09:53 - FOR COMFORT ALONG THESE ROADS.

09:56 - AN ENORMOUS CHALLENGE, YOU

09:57 - KNOW, JUST TRYING TO GET THE

09:59 - ARMY MOVING AND LOGISTICS AND

10:01 - SO FORTH. AND THEN MAYBE TACK

10:04 - ON NUMBER 4 CHALLENGE IS THE

10:06 - FACT THAT THESE RAINS WHICH ARE

10:07 - GOING TO CONTINUE FOR THE

10:08 - BETTER PART OF 5 DAYS ARE

10:09 - MAKING THE POTOMAC SWELL TO AN

10:12 - FOR DOUBLE LEVELS AND WHEN LEAD

10:15 - THEN ULTIMATELY DOES GET DOWN

10:17 - TO THE POTOMAC. HE FACES THAT

10:18 - CHALLENGE. AND AND PRETTY MUCH

10:20 - HAS TO DIG IN BECAUSE HE'S NOT

10:22 - ABLE TO AFFORD FOR A COUPLE

10:23 - MORE DAYS.

10:24 - >>NOW, LEE SENT HIS ALARMING

10:25 - THROUGH ONE MOUNTAIN PASS.

10:26 - HE SPLITS THEM UP. COULD WE

10:28 - TALK ABOUT HIS DECISION?

10:29 - BUT HE DOESN'T.

10:30 - >>WELL, CONSIDERING THAT A

10:31 - LARGE CONTINGENCY OF WAGONS

10:33 - REPORT TO CAST OWNER JUST WEST

10:35 - OF CASH FILM. HE'S GOT THE

10:37 - QUARTERMASTER STORES TO BELONG

10:39 - TO LIEUTENANT GENERAL JAMES

10:40 - LONGSTREET, LIEUTENANT GENERAL

10:42 - AP HILL. WE HAVE MAJOR GENERAL

10:44 - JEB STUART'S DIVISIONAL TRAINS

10:46 - THAT ARE THERE. YOU ALSO HAVE A

10:47 - WAGON TRAIN OF THAT HAVE BEEN

10:50 - COLLECTED FROM THIS THE FIRST

10:51 - COUPLE DAYS GETTYSBURG AS WELL

10:54 - AS OTHER SUPPLIES. IN ADDITION

10:56 - CLOSER TO GETTYSBURG, YOU ALSO

10:57 - HAVE MORE WAGONS. YOU MAJOR

11:00 - JOHN HARMON'S RESERVE TRAIN OF

11:01 - THE ENTIRE CONFEDERATE ARMY.

11:03 - THERE AS WELL AS A LIEUTENANT

11:05 - GENERAL. RICHARD, YOU'LL

11:08 - SO WHEN HE'S LOOKING AT THE

11:09 - MAP AND IT ONLY MAKES SENSE

11:10 - TO SEND WHAT WAS PART IN

11:13 - MASSIVE CASH TOWN. GO THROUGH

11:15 - FINISHED GOING THROUGH THE

11:16 - WESTERN SIDE OF THE MOUNTAIN

11:17 - THERE SIDESTEP CHAMBERSBURG

11:19 - BASICALLY TAKEN A BACK ROUTE

11:22 - MARION AND THEN DOWN THE

11:23 - GREENCASTLE IN THE COURSE THE

11:25 - TALLY TURNPIKE PICKS UP RIGHT

11:27 - THERE GREENCASTLE AND THEN YOU

11:28 - CAN GO RIGHT TO BASICALLY

11:30 - WILLIAMSPORT. NOW FOR THOSE

11:32 - TROOPS THAT ARE GETTYSBURG AS

11:33 - WELL AS THE WAGONS THAT ARE

11:34 - GETTYSBURG. HE'LL TAKE THE

11:35 - FAIRFIELD ROAD, SENDING THE

11:37 - WAGONS FIRST, THE COUNTRY FALLS

11:39 - BACK INTO A DEFENSIVE POSITION

11:41 - ONCE THE WAGONS HAVE BEGUN TO

11:43 - CLEAR THE AREA THEN YOU'RE

11:45 - GOING TO GO AHEAD AND AP HILLS

11:47 - CORPS MARCHING ON THE ROAD,

11:48 - FOLLOWED BY LONG STREAM.

11:49 - OF COURSE, ISRAEL'S CORPS WILL

11:51 - BRING UP THE REAR AND IT'S

11:53 - GOING TO TAKE SEVERAL DAYS FOR

11:54 - THE ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA

11:56 - TO MAKE ITS WAY THROUGH THE

11:57 - MOUNTAIN PASSES. BUT THE BULK

11:59 - OF THE INFANTRY, IT'S GOING TO

12:01 - MAKE ITS WAY THROUGH ON REPAY

12:02 - US AND THEY WILL ACTUALLY USE

12:04 - TO ROADS THE FIRST ONE IS

12:06 - MARIAH FURNACE ROAD, WHICH IS

12:07 - SETTLED WAGNER. WE TALKED ABOUT

12:09 - YOU'LL HAVE AP HILL FOLLOWED

12:11 - BY. YOU'LL THEIR LONGSTREET

12:13 - SCORES GOING TO TAKE BASICALLY

12:14 - THE MODERN DAY RAIL SUBJECTS

12:16 - MELLEN ROAD INTO FAIRFIELD AND

12:17 - UP THROUGH THE MOUNTAIN HERE.

12:19 - >>THE ROADS LEADING TO MONTEREY

12:21 - PASS OR BASICALLY A MUDDY MESS.

12:23 - HOWEVER, ONCE YOU GET TO THE

12:25 - TOLL GATE TO BECOME ACADEMIES,

12:26 - WHICH IS LIKE A PAYMENT BACK TO

12:28 - AND FROM THERE, IT'S A PRETTY

12:29 - EASY GOING GOING DOWN THE BY

12:32 - JULY 6 SOMETIME IN THE

12:34 - AFTERNOON AROUND 3, 3.30, U.S.

12:36 - REPORTS ARE COMING IN THAT THE

12:38 - LAST CONFEDERATE SOLDIER HAS

12:39 - GONE THROUGH MONTEREY PASS.

12:41 - HOWEVER, THERE'S, YOU KNOW,

12:42 - COUNTRY AS WELL AS ANOTHER

12:44 - BRIGADE OF UNIQUE AVERIE THAT'S

12:45 - FOLLOWING BEHIND THE REAR.

12:47 - AND THEY'RE GOING TO SKIRMISH

12:48 - CONTINUOUSLY THROUGHOUT THE DAY

12:50 - UNTIL FINALLY, THE

12:52 - CONCENTRATION OF THE FORCES

12:53 - ARE GOING TO BE MORE OR LESS IN

12:54 - THE CUMBERLAND VALLEY.

12:56 - >>NOW, WHEN WE THINK ABOUT THE

12:57 - CIVIL WAR, WE THINK ABOUT

12:59 - GENERALS AND BATTLEFIELD.

13:01 - BUT HISTORIANS REALLY GET

13:02 - EXCITED ABOUT LOGISTICS.

13:04 - WE TALK ABOUT WAGONS. CAN WE

13:05 - TALK ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF

13:06 - WAGONS AND SUPPLIES AND MOVING

13:08 - THOSE WAGONS WITH ARMIES IN THE

13:09 - CIVIL WAR?

13:11 - >>WELL, YEAH, IT WAS GOING TO

13:12 - SAY AND IT KIND OF PIGGY BACKS

13:14 - ON WHAT JOHN WAS TALKING ABOUT.

13:15 - I THINK WE SORT OF HAVE TO TAKE

13:17 - OUR MINDS. I BACK 150 YEARS

13:19 - AGO IN REALLY APPRECIATE, I

13:21 - GUESS IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND

13:24 - LOGISTICS PLAY OUT THE WAY THEY

13:25 - DO. IN FACT WHY, YOU KNOW THIS

13:26 - BATTLE AND SO MANY OTHERS PLAYS

13:28 - OUT THE WAY IT DOES IS IT THE

13:32 - ARE OBVIOUSLY VERY IMPORTANT TO

13:33 - CARRY SUPPLIES CARRYING WOUNDED

13:36 - AND THEY'RE ALSO VERY HEAVILY

13:38 - LADEN WITH A LOT OF THE BOOTY.

13:40 - YOU KNOW, THIS TAKEN IN

13:41 - PENNSYLVANIA ON MANY OF THESE

13:43 - WAGONS HERE. AND YOU'LL SCORE,

13:45 - IN YOU KNOW, SEVERAL 100 OF

13:47 - THEM WERE DESCRIBED LATER ON

13:50 - AND NOT TO GET TOO FAR AHEAD OF

13:51 - OURSELVES. BUT LATER ON WHEN

13:52 - THEY WERE CHECKING OUT WHAT WAS

13:53 - IN THESE WAGONS EVERYTHING FROM

13:55 - CLOTHES TO ALL KINDS OF FOOD,

13:58 - JEWELRY, YOU KNOW, THINGS THAT

13:59 - WERE WERE TAKEN ALONG THE

14:01 - BEFORE AND DURING THE BATTLE

14:03 - THIS IS HOW YOU MOVED IN ARMY

14:05 - AND JOHN HARMON, WHO JOHN OF

14:08 - MENTION ANOTHER VERY

14:09 - INTERESTING CHARACTER ITSELF,

14:11 - WHICH WAS GIVEN THE TASK BY

14:13 - JONES TO GET THESE. AND I THINK

14:15 - IT WAS DESCRIBED AS ABOUT A

14:16 - 17 MILE LONG. WHY COUNTRY, YOU

14:19 - KNOW, JUST JUST THE ARMY

14:20 - SUPPLIES ALONE. ANOTHER 11

14:22 - MILES FOR THE WAGONS, CARRYING

14:23 - THE WOUNDED, YOU KNOW, THROUGH

14:24 - CASH TIME PASS. BUT JOHN

14:26 - HARMON, WHO WAS TASKED BY JONES

14:29 - TO GET THIS WAGON SAFELY TO THE

14:31 - RIVER OR AS JONES MENTION ARE

14:33 - SAID TO HIM, I WANT TO SEE YOUR

14:34 - FACE NO MORE IF IF YOU DON'T

14:35 - GET IT ACROSS THE RIVER, I JUST

14:37 - HAD AN ENORMOUS TASK, YOU KNOW,

14:38 - TO TRY TO DO THIS HE WAS

14:41 - ULTIMATELY SUCCESSFUL WERE, YOU

14:42 - KNOW, SAVE FOR THE THE BATTLE

14:45 - AND SO FORTH. THE BREAKS OUT

14:46 - HERE IN THE ONES THAT THEY LOST

14:48 - BUT AN AMAZING PASS TO DO IT

14:49 - ACROSS THOSE ROADS AND THAT

14:52 - KIND OF WEATHER. THESE

14:54 - MOUNTAINS, ANYBODY THAT DRIVES

14:55 - THROUGH YOU KNOW, JUST THE

14:57 - FAIRFIELD AND TAKE THE ROUTE UP

15:00 - TO WHERE ARE WE ARE IN A CAR

15:02 - CAN BE HARRY, YOU KNOW, LET

15:03 - ALONE 150 YEARS AGO IN ON A

15:05 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN ROAD IN THE

15:06 - MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT WITH A

15:08 - TRIGGER, ACTUAL DOWNPOUR THAT

15:09 - JUST TURNING THE ROAD IN

15:10 - LITERALLY SOUP BEFORE AND

15:12 - LOGISTICS, I THINK CAN REALLY

15:14 - BE APPRECIATED WHEN WE KIND OF

15:15 - GO BACK AND THINK ABOUT WHAT

15:16 - THEY HAD TO DEAL WITH THE

15:18 - TECHNOLOGY AT THE TIME AND THAT

15:20 - WAS THE BEST THEY CAN DO IT

15:22 - WHEN YOUR CIVIL WAR, GENERAL.

15:23 - >>YOU SPEND A LOT OF TIME DOING

15:25 - THINGS OTHER THAN FIGHTING.

15:27 - DO YOU THINK THE CONFEDERATE

15:28 - OFFICERS WERE WERE WELL TRAINED

15:30 - AND PREPARED FOR THAT KIND OF

15:31 - MANEUVER, MOVING SUPPLIES LIKE

15:33 - THAT?

15:33 - >>IN THIS CASE, IT WAS A VERY

15:35 - ORDERLY FROM WHAT I HAVE READ

15:38 - AND YEARS PAST. I HAVE NOT

15:40 - REALLY READ ANYTHING TO WHERE

15:42 - THE CONFEDERATE ARMY WAS

15:43 - COMPLETELY DISORGANIZED.

15:46 - THIS WAS A WELL THOUGHT OUT

15:47 - PLAN FOR THE MOST

15:50 - IT'S NOT LIKE A SPUR OF THE

15:51 - MOMENT. WE'RE JUST GOING

15:52 - QUICKLY FALL BACK. IF SOMETHING

15:53 - DOESN'T GO RIGHT. I MEAN, AS A

15:55 - COMMANDER WITH LEE, HE'S ALWAYS

15:57 - HAS THE NEXT SEVERAL MOVES IN

15:58 - THE BACK OF HIS MIND AS TO

16:00 - OKAY. THESE ARE THE OPTIONS ON

16:01 - THE TABLE. WHAT I DO NEXT AND

16:03 - HE'LL GO THROUGH ALL THAT

16:04 - BEGINNING IN PRETTY MUCH

16:05 - IMMEDIATELY AN EVENING. WELL,

16:08 - AFTER PICKETT'S CHARGE IS BUT

16:10 - DECIDED UPON WITH LOGISTICS.

16:13 - AS FAR AS THESE WAGONS, THERE'S

16:15 - NOT TOO MANY CIVIL WAR BATTLES

16:17 - OUT THERE. WE HEAR MUCH ABOUT

16:18 - THE QUARTERMASTER WAGONS ARE

16:20 - COMMISSARY WAR. THE ORDINANCE

16:23 - AND IT'S KIND OF FASCINATING

16:25 - ON REPAY US, THIS IS ONE OF

16:26 - THOSE UNIQUE AREAS WHEN YOU

16:27 - ADD OR COUNT ALL THAT INTO IT.

16:29 - I MEAN, THE QUARTERMASTER WAS

16:31 - HE RESPONSIBLE FOR WELL,

16:33 - SUPPLIES, PARIS AND EQUIPMENT,

16:36 - TOOLS. THE QUARTER MASTERS

16:39 - RESPONSIBLE FOR MOVING THE

16:40 - STUFF. WHETHER IT'S ON LAND

16:42 - OR BY WATER.

16:43 - MIX WITH THE WAGON TRAINS.

16:45 - YOU HAVE ORDINANCE. WHAT IS

16:46 - ORDINANCE ITS AMMUNITION FOR

16:48 - SMALL ARMS ALL THE WAY UP TO

16:49 - THE ARTILLERY. THE LEATHER SET,

16:52 - THESE TROOPS WHERE THE THE

16:53 - BELTS AS WELL AS THE CARTRIDGE

16:56 - THOSE ARE ISSUED BY THE ORGANS

16:57 - DEPARTMENT. THE COURSE

16:58 - COMMISSARY, YOU KNOW, RATIONS

17:00 - FOOD SUPPLIES MIXED IN WITH

17:02 - THESE WAGON TRAINS. YOU ALSO

17:04 - HAVE SEVERAL 1000 HEAD OF

17:05 - LIVESTOCK AND EVENTUALLY DURING

17:07 - THE BATTLE, MONTEREY PAY U.S..

17:09 - SEVERAL HEAD OF CATTLE ARE

17:10 - GOING TO BREAK AWAY FROM THESE

17:11 - WAGON TRAINS AND IT'S GOING TO

17:13 - BE IN A MIX BETWEEN UNION AND

17:14 - CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS WHILE

17:15 - THEY'RE TRYING TO FIGHT UP HERE

17:16 - IN THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT.

17:17 - SO NOW YOU HAVE ANOTHER BARRIER

17:19 - OF 10 THE GATE THROUGH WHICH

17:23 - IT'S KIND OF A FUNNY STORY.

17:24 - WHEN YOU LOOK AT THAT.

17:27 - BUT EVEN DURING THE BATTLE,

17:29 - WE'RE EVEN BEFORE THE BATTLE

17:31 - LEAVE WHAT HE TOOK OUT OF

17:33 - PENNSYLVANIA BEGINNING ON JUNE

17:35 - 16TH WHEN THE FIRST UNION

17:37 - REPORTS CAME IN THE WHOLE TIME

17:39 - LEADING UP TO THE BATTLE OF

17:40 - GETTYSBURG. HE HAD WAGONS

17:42 - ESTABLISH THE CHAMBERSBURG

17:44 - MOVING THIS EQUIPMENT OR

17:45 - SUPPLIES DOWN TO WINCHESTER

17:48 - ALL FLOATING THEM AND BRING

17:49 - THOSE WAGONS RIGHT BACK UP.

17:51 - SO. A LOT OF MATERIAL,

17:54 - AGRICULTURE.

17:56 - SUPPLIES, BUT ARMY TOOK OUT

17:59 - HERE WHICH GOES BACK TO WHAT JD

18:00 - WAS SAYING ABOUT THE BEAUTY OR

18:02 - THE BOUNTY THAT WAS COLLECTED

18:03 - HERE.

18:04 - CONSIDER TOO, YOU KNOW, THE

18:06 - 2 COMMANDERS THAT

18:07 - >>WE PUTS IN CHARGE OF THOSE 2

18:09 - MAIN ARTERIES OF THE ROUTES

18:11 - RETREAT, KNOW THAT HE HAS

18:12 - TO TAKE.

18:13 - >>ON SIDE OF THE CONFEDERATE

18:17 - WOUND THAT GO DOWN THE CASH

18:20 - TOWN ROAD TO THE CASH. TOM

18:21 - PAUPER STOPS OFF THAT WAY.

18:24 - GENERAL JOHN BODEN, YOU KNOW,

18:26 - VERY METHODICAL VERY HARD

18:31 - FIGHTER.

18:32 - HE'S CAUTIOUS BUT NOT OVERLY

18:34 - CAUTIOUS TO WHERE HE'S NOT

18:35 - AFRAID TO FIGHT. AND THAT, YOU

18:37 - KNOW, IS REALLY HALF OF THE

18:38 - STORY. THEY'RE TREATING A

18:39 - WONDERFUL STORY IN ITSELF.

18:40 - BUT IN VOTING WAS REALLY THE

18:42 - RIGHT MAN. AND HE AND HIS MEN

18:43 - ARE ALSO FRESH, TOO, BECAUSE HE

18:46 - ALONG WITH GENERAL WILLIAM

18:48 - JONES HAS PLACED BASICALLY IN

18:50 - COMMAND OF THE THE WAGONS AND

18:54 - THE TROOPS. THE MAIN ARMY IN

18:56 - THIS AREA. THOSE TROOPS ARE

18:58 - REALLY FRESH. YOU KNOW, THEY

19:00 - THEY BOTH COME UP TO THE

19:01 - BATTLEFIELD LATER AND GET THEIR

19:02 - ASSIGNMENTS, BUT THEY'RE NOT

19:04 - INVOLVED IN THE MAIN BATTLE OF

19:05 - GETTYSBURG ITSELF. SO IN BOWDEN

19:07 - AND HIS NORTHWESTERN WERE

19:08 - GREAT. OUR RELATIVE REFLECT

19:10 - FRESH JONES HERE.

19:14 - REALLY IS JEB STUART, THE

19:17 - CONFEDERATE CARRY COMMUNITY

19:18 - ONCE DESCRIBED HIM THE THE BEST

19:20 - OUTPOSTS OFFICER IN THE ARMY

19:22 - JONES IS BASICALLY A MASTER AND

19:25 - NOT ONLY A VERY HARD FIGHT OR

19:27 - BUT I'M ALSO METHODICAL IN HIS

19:33 - EVEN THOUGH HE CAN BE A BIT

19:34 - IMPETUOUS, A TIGHT HOWEVER, HE

19:37 - ALWAYS SEEMS TO GET THE UPPER

19:38 - HAND EVEN WHEN HE'S VASTLY

19:40 - OUTNUMBER, YOU KNOW, BY THE END

19:41 - OF IT, THESE ARE 2 MEN THAT ARE

19:44 - VERY, VERY WELL-SUITED, YOU

19:45 - KNOW, WITH THIS VERY IMPORTANT

19:47 - PAST OF BASICALLY EXPORTING

19:50 - EACH OF THEM HALF OF THE ARMY

19:51 - SAFELY DOWN TO THE RIVER.

19:52 - SO I THINK WE HAVE TO CONSIDER

19:53 - THAT THAT, YOU KNOW, THESE 2

19:54 - MEN ARE VERY, VERY WELL PLACED.

19:57 - >>AND HE'S A UNIQUE CHARACTER,

20:00 - LIKE WITH JD WAS SAYING, BUT

20:01 - HE RECEIVES HIS NICKNAME

20:03 - GRUMBLE BECAUSE SHORTLY AFTER

20:05 - HE WAS MARRIED IN THE LATE

20:07 - 18 50'S, HE WAS ABOARD A SHIP

20:09 - AND OF COURSE, THE SHIP HAD

20:11 - WRECKED AND HE HAD WITNESSED

20:12 - THE DEATH OF HIS WHO WAS SWEPT

20:14 - AWAY AND EVER SINCE. AND IT

20:16 - REALLY AFFECTED HIS MIND.

20:18 - IT AFFECTED HIS WAY OF THINKING

20:19 - SEEN SUCH A TRAGEDY UNFOLD IN

20:21 - FRONT OF HIM AND FROM THAT

20:23 - PERIOD ON HE MORE OR LESS KIND

20:24 - OF GRUMBLED WHEN HE IT

20:28 - SOMETHING WAS A TRAGEDY THAT

20:30 - WOULD AFFECT THEM FOR A

20:31 - LIFETIME.

20:32 - >>YOU MENTIONED GRUMBLE JONES.

20:34 - HE'S A MAJOR PLAYER IN THIS.

20:35 - CAN YOU TALK A LITTLE BIT MORE

20:36 - ABOUT HIM? AND IF HE WAS THE

20:37 - RIGHT CHOICE FOR

20:38 - THIS JOB?

20:39 - >>I THINK HE WAS A REALLY GOOD

20:41 - CHOICE FOR THE JOB HERE.

20:43 - HE LOOKED AT THE LARGER HE

20:45 - LOOKED AT THE NETWORK OF ROADS

20:46 - BECAUSE THIS IS THE CONFEDERATE

20:48 - CAVALRY. HE HADN'T INTERMIXED

20:49 - OF COMMAND. I MEAN, HE HAD A

20:51 - BRIGADE, HOWEVER, HIS FULL

20:52 - BRIGADE WASN'T HERE. WE

20:54 - UNDERSTOOD THAT ALL THE ROADS

20:55 - HAD TO BE PICKETED COMING.

20:57 - MODERATE PACE. AGAIN, YOU HAVE

20:59 - SEVERAL ROADS THAT

21:00 - CONNECT TO THAT WHOLE HOUSE.

21:02 - AND AGAIN, HER CONTROLS THOSE

21:04 - CONTROLS. THE FLOW OF TRAFFIC.

21:05 - WELL, CONNECTING MONTERREY

21:07 - PASSES. ANOTHER AREA CALLED

21:09 - FAIRFIELD GAP, WHICH IS ABOUT A

21:11 - MILE AND A DIS AND DISTANCE

21:13 - AND OF COURSE, CHECK SMELL

21:14 - NANNY THSOE ANYTHING COMING

21:15 - OUT FROM THE EAST.

21:17 - IF IT WOULD BE UNION CAVALRY.

21:19 - JONES KNOWS THAT HE'S GOT TO

21:21 - PROTECT THOSE MOUNTAIN PASSES

21:22 - WITH ALL CALLS AND HE'LL HAVE

21:24 - MEN STATIONED ALL OVER FROM

21:26 - FAIRFIELD GOING ALL THE WAY

21:27 - OVER TO MODERN DAY ROUZER BILL

21:30 - DURING THE BATTLE. CAPTAIN

21:32 - GEORGE E MAKE. IT WAS ONE OF

21:33 - THE FIRST COMMANDERS HERE UNTIL

21:35 - TAKEN OVER HE TRIED STOPPING

21:37 - WAGON TRAINS AND OF COURSE

21:39 - DON'T. KEN JENNINGS CAME BACK

21:40 - AND COUNTER COMMANDED THE

21:42 - DECISIONS TO KNOW WHAT THE

21:43 - WAGONS MOVE THAT THE UNION

21:44 - TROOPERS TAKE. TAKE SOME OF

21:46 - THEIR GOING TO TAKE A FEW.

21:48 - SO HE WAS ALWAYS LOOKING AT

21:49 - THEM MUCH LARGER PICTURE.

21:50 - AND I THINK APPEARED THE BATTLE

21:52 - MODERATE PACE WITH WHAT HE HAD

21:55 - FOR WHAT HE WAS FACING. HE DID

21:57 - A VERY DID A VERY GOOD JOB UP

21:59 - HERE AND DEFENDING THE SMELL

22:01 - AND GET OUT.

22:02 - >>IF WE'RE HERE ON JULY 4TH,

22:04 - ONE DAY AFTER GETTYSBURG WE

22:06 - HAVE THE WAGON TRAINS IN THE

22:07 - CONFEDERATE ARMY COMING TOWARD

22:09 - US. IF WE WERE HERE, WHAT WE

22:10 - HAVE SEEN THAT.

22:12 - >>THAT'S A GOOD

22:14 - I KNOW THE LAW, THE THEY DIDN'T

22:16 - LIKE THE FACT THAT THE

22:17 - CONFEDERATE ARMY WAS COMING

22:18 - THROUGH SOME OF THE

22:21 - DESCRIPTIONS THAT THEY HAD WAS

22:23 - WAGON. SO JUST KIND OF APPEARED

22:25 - AT THE MOUNT GAP. AND THEN ALL

22:26 - OF A SUDDEN CONFEDERATE CAVALRY

22:27 - WAS A BASICALLY WAS ARRESTING

22:29 - THEM AND PLACING THEM AT THE

22:30 - MONTEREY IN. THEY WERE ALWAYS

22:32 - TAKING NOTE OF WHAT WAS GOING

22:34 - ON AND WHAT TIMES AND COURSE

22:36 - LUCKILY FOR WHAT THEY WITNESS,

22:38 - THEY MANAGED TO GET MESSAGES

22:39 - OUT TO THE UNION CARRY, BUT

22:42 - IT'S A SMALL COMMUNITY UP WOULD

22:44 - LATER BECOME RESORT.

22:48 - BUT COMING DOWN OFF OF THE THE

22:51 - CITY SAYS CIVILIANS OF

22:53 - BROWNSVILLE TODAY WAS KNOWN

22:54 - AS PIKES FILM GERMANTOWN AS

22:56 - WELL AS WATERLOO. BACK THEN

22:58 - AND ALL THOSE PEOPLE JUST

22:59 - COULDN'T BELIEVE WHAT THEY WERE

23:02 - WITNESSING. THEY DESCRIBE A

23:04 - BLOOMING US WITH A LOT OF THESE

23:05 - WAGONS, ESPECIALLY WITH THE

23:07 - WIND, THE DEBTOR. THERE'S NOT

23:10 - LIKE A WHOLE LOT OF THE

23:10 - AMBULANCES THAT ARE COMING

23:12 - THROUGH. MONTEREY PASS. A LOT

23:13 - OF THE WOUNDED ARE JUST THROWN

23:14 - INTO EMPTY CARGO WAGONS WHICH

23:17 - HAVE NOSE AND CONS OF SHOCK

23:19 - ABSORBERS. SO ANYTIME THE DAY

23:21 - WAGON WILL GO OVER TOP OF A

23:23 - LARGE ROCK. JUST THE JOLT.

23:26 - HE WOULD ACTUALLY SORT HEARING

23:27 - THAT ONE OF THE GENTLEMAN IN

23:28 - THE WAGON SCREAMING OR BEGGING

23:31 - TO BE LET OUT.

23:34 - AS FAR AS THAT'S CONCERNED.

23:36 - IT WAS DEFINITELY A WARNING FOR

23:39 - WHAT WAS GOING TO COME LATER

23:41 - ON AND THIS AREA AND REALLY

23:42 - BEEN HIT, YOU KNOW, IS IT WE

23:44 - KIND OF HAVE A TENDENCY, I

23:45 - THINK TO YOU.

23:46 - >>TO TO LOOK AT THE BATTLE OF

23:47 - GETTYSBURG, SORT OF IN THE

23:48 - BACK. YOU KNOW, EVERYBODY.

23:50 - >>SEES THIS AREA OF GETTYSBURG

23:51 - ITSELF AND IT'S WHY IT'S SO

23:53 - IMPORTANT TO HAVE THESE AREAS

23:55 - THAT WE CAN COME OUT AND LOOK

23:56 - AT IT AND SEE THE BIGGER

23:57 - PICTURE JOHN HAD MENTIONED

23:58 - ABOUT, YOU KNOW, SOME EARLY

23:59 - SKIRMISHES THAT HAPPENED IN

24:01 - THIS AREA. WAR HAD TOUCHED, YOU

24:03 - KNOW, THIS AREA DURING THE

24:04 - CAMPAIGN THE WEEK BEFORE WITH

24:07 - THE CONFEDERATE AVERIE THAT WAS

24:08 - SCOUTING HERE. THE SKIRMISH

24:09 - THAT TOOK PLACE IN FAIRFIELD

24:10 - GAP ABOUT A WEEK BEFORE LOCAL

24:13 - MILITIA SKIRMISH WITH VIRGINIA

24:16 - CARRY UP HERE. YOU KNOW, LOCAL

24:17 - MILITIA IN CITIZENS WERE TRYING

24:20 - THEIR BEST TO BASICALLY PUT

24:21 - UP ROADBLOCKS IN THESE MOUNTAIN

24:23 - GAPS AND HAD ALSO DONE THAT A

24:24 - CASH COW. AND THERE WERE

24:26 - SKIRMISHES THAT BROKE OUT IN

24:27 - BOTH PLACES. IT'S IMPORTANT TO

24:30 - STUDY THESE AREAS THERE WAS

24:32 - ALREADY QUITE A BIT THAT WHAT'S

24:33 - HAPPENING HERE BECAUSE OF THE

24:35 - IMPORTANCE OF THESE GAPS AND

24:36 - THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ROAD

24:37 - NETWORK. SO THE YOU KNOW, BY

24:39 - THIS TIME, THE SIR, THE THE

24:41 - CITIZENS HAD EXPERIENCED THIS

24:43 - GOING THE ARMY IS MOVING

24:46 - THROUGH THIS AREA PRIOR TO THE

24:47 - BATTLE. AND OF COURSE, THE

24:49 - BATTLE ITSELF. NOW THE STORY

24:50 - THAT IS GOING TO SWITCH OVER

24:51 - TO THESE MOUNTAIN GAPS IN THESE

24:52 - MAIN ARTERIES THAT WE HAVE TO

24:54 - USE THE RETREAT. THESE FOLKS

24:56 - ARE GOING TO FIND THEMSELVES

24:56 - RIGHT IN MIDDLE OF A MAELSTROM

24:58 - OF ALL OF THIS. I MEAN, CAN

25:00 - YOU IMAGINE JUST STANDING HERE

25:03 - ON ONE OF THESE ROADS, WHETHER

25:05 - YOU KNOW, IN IN THE MIDDLE OF

25:06 - THE NIGHT OR DURING THE DAY OR

25:07 - WHATEVER. AND THOSE COUPLE OF

25:08 - DAYS FOLLOWING THE BATTLE OF

25:09 - GETTYSBURG, WHAT YOU WOULD SEE

25:11 - JUST MILES AND MILES OF WAGONS,

25:14 - WOUNDED SCREE SUMMER FOR

25:16 - THOUSANDS OF LIVESTOCK HORSES,

25:19 - MULES OFFICER SHOUTING

25:22 - COMMANDS, TRYING TO KEEP

25:23 - STRAGGLERS IN LINE INTERVIEWING

25:26 - CITIZENS. YOU KNOW, THOSE BEING

25:27 - ARRESTED LIKE JOHN MENTIONED,

25:29 - YOU KNOW, EVERYBODY'S TRYING TO

25:30 - GET INFORMATION ON WHAT THE

25:31 - ENEMY MIGHT BE DOING. THEY'RE

25:33 - TRYING TO STAY ONE STEP AHEAD

25:34 - OF THE ENEMY. I MEAN, JUST IT

25:37 - WOULD BE UNBELIEVABLE. YOU

25:38 - KNOW, WHAT WILL BE TAKING PLACE

25:40 - HERE JUST BECAUSE OF THE FACT

25:42 - THAT ALL OF THIS IS GOING TO

25:43 - CRASH LIKE AWAY AND ALL THESE

25:45 - PEOPLE HERE AND REALLY BECAUSE

25:47 - OF THE TERRAIN AND LOCATION

25:48 - WEATHER WITH A LOOK AT.

25:49 - >>AND JD KIND OF TOUCHED ON A

25:52 - LITTLE BIT WITH WHAT THE

25:53 - CIVILIANS EVEN BEFORE THE

25:54 - BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG AND BEFORE

25:56 - A LOT OF THESE SKIRMISHES WERE

25:57 - TAKING PLACE UP HERE, THE MAJOR

26:00 - CITIES OR THE MAJOR TOWNS IN

26:02 - THE CUMBERLAND VALLEY. I MEAN,

26:04 - THEY WERE JUST NOTHING MORE

26:06 - AND AND FAST GOES BASICALLY

26:08 - WANT TO CONSIDER AN ARMY COMES

26:10 - THROUGH BECAUSE PEOPLE HEARD

26:11 - RUMORS AND THEY ALL STARTED

26:13 - FLEEING TO MONTEREY PAST WHO

26:15 - WERE ONCE FILLION SAID THAT THE

26:16 - ROAD LEADING UP HERE TO THE

26:17 - MOUNTAINS, ESPECIALLY FROM THE

26:18 - WEST. IT WAS COMPLETELY CHALK

26:20 - FULL OF NOTHING BUT REFUGEES

26:23 - LEAVING OUT THE WINGS FOR A WAR

26:25 - IN THE MARYLAND AREAS WHICH

26:26 - IS KIND OF INTERESTING THAT

26:27 - WHEN THE SKIRMISHES START

26:28 - HAPPENING UP HERE BEFORE THE

26:30 - BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG AND THEN

26:31 - THIS MAJOR BATTLE THAT OCCURS

26:33 - AFTER GETTYSBURG

26:36 - AND THE PEOPLE. BUT THIS MUST

26:37 - HAVE BEEN SCARED FOR THEIR

26:38 - LIVES.

26:39 - >>WE SPENT A LOT OF TIME

26:40 - TALKING ABOUT THE CONFEDERATE

26:42 - SIDE OF THINGS. LET'S TALK

26:42 - ABOUT THE UNION SIDE. THE

26:44 - VICTORIA SIDE. WHAT'S THEIR

26:46 - GOAL WITH THE CONFEDERATE ARMY

26:47 - ROLLING SEEMINGLY IN RETREAT?

26:49 - >>WELL, WITH HE WAS GIVEN THIS

26:52 - US AND THE 3 CLOSING 10, THE

26:54 - BROADER GENERAL FOR PLEASANTON

26:56 - AFTER THEY SPOTTED THE

26:57 - MOVEMENTS OF WAGON IS MOVING

26:59 - WESTWARD AND HE WAS BASICALLY

27:01 - JUST TO GO INTO ITS BIRD, PICK

27:03 - UP ANOTHER BRIGADE OF

27:04 - REINFORCEMENTS AND THEN FROM

27:06 - THERE HE WAS TO LOCATE WHAT

27:08 - MOUNT PAST THE CONFEDERATE ARMY

27:09 - WOULD BE USING AND JUST REST AS

27:12 - MUCH AS HE CAN AS WELL AS

27:13 - GETTING INTO THE REAR AND

27:15 - POSSIBLY DISRUPTING. THEY'RE

27:16 - COMING. THEY'RE LINING

27:17 - COMMUNICATIONS AND BY THE TIME

27:20 - HE LEAVES EMMITSBURG AND GETS

27:22 - UP HERE ON THE MOUNTAIN.

27:23 - HE KIND OF BRUSHED OFF THE

27:25 - SITUATION WITH SWAT. SOME OF

27:26 - THE CIVILIANS ARE TELLING HIM

27:27 - ABOUT THE LAYOUT OF THE

27:28 - CONFEDERATE ARMY APPEAR.

27:31 - BUT AS HE STARTS GOING UP, THE

27:32 - NARROW THE FOLLOW LEADING INTO

27:34 - THE MOUNTAIN. HE BECOMES VERY

27:36 - WITH THE PEAK LOT OF STEEP

27:37 - RAVINES AND IF THE

27:39 - CONFEDERATES, WHAT AMBUSH SOME,

27:40 - THERE COURSE HE WOULDN'T BE A

27:41 - REVERSE, A GUN TO DEFEND

27:43 - HIMSELF. WELL, REALLY, FOR

27:45 - KILPATRICK, IT WAS TO CUT THAT

27:47 - WAGON TRAIN IN ONCE HE GOT

27:50 - FULLY ESTABLISHED, HE KNEW THEY

27:52 - WERE COMING FROM SOMEWHERE

27:53 - WHICH IN THIS CASE WAS

27:54 - FAIRFIELD GAP OR FAIRFIELD

27:56 - ITSELF SAY WITH SOME OF THE

27:57 - A FORCE THERE. AND THEN AFTER

27:59 - THAT, HE KNEW THEY WERE COMING

28:00 - OFF THE MOUNTAIN FROM SOMEPLACE

28:02 - AND HEADED TOWARD WILLIAMSPORT.

28:04 - SO HE WOULD GO AHEAD. AND JUST

28:05 - BASICALLY HE WOULD TRY TO GET

28:06 - FROM BEHIND GET IN FRONT OF

28:08 - THEM. AND THEN JUST TAKE A

28:10 - BRIGADE OF HIS OWN CARRYING

28:11 - JUST CUT THE WAGON TRAIN

28:12 - COMPLETELY IN HALF. AND THEN

28:14 - FROM THERE, HE WILL DO A LOT OF

28:16 - DAMAGE. SO THE UNION STRATEGY

28:18 - UP HERE, IT WAS A VERY GOOD

28:19 - ONE AND 2 MAIN YOU COULD HAVE

28:21 - HAD A BETTER PERSON IN CHARGE

28:24 - OF THE UNION WITHIN THE

28:25 - BRIGADE. HE HAD NICKNAME,

28:28 - KILPATRICK YORKHILL CABARET

28:30 - BECAUSE OF SOME HIS TACTICS.

28:32 - WHAT'S THIS PUT THIS WAY?

28:36 - HE WASN'T AFRAID THE

28:36 - SACRIFICES, MINERAL IN ORDER

28:39 - TO ACCOMPLISH WHATEVER THAT

28:41 - CERTAIN MISSION OR OBJECTIVE

28:42 - WAS. BUT YOU ALSO HAVE GENERAL

28:44 - GEORGE ARMSTRONG, CUSTER OF

28:46 - ANOTHER BIG NAME IN THE UNION

28:49 - ARMY. AND HE JUST ESTABLISHED

28:50 - HIMSELF VERY WELL DURING THE

28:52 - PENNSYLVANIA CAMPAIGN. FROM THE

28:54 - TIME HE BECOMES A BRIGADIER

28:55 - GENERAL. I MEAN, WHAT BETTER TO

28:57 - INDIVIDUALS TO HAVE FOR THIS

28:59 - JOB FOR THEM? AND THESE GUYS,

29:02 - THEY DO A LOT OF DAMAGE

29:03 - UP HERE.

29:04 - >>JAMIE, CAN YOU TALK ABOUT

29:05 - JOHNSON KILPATRICK, A LITTLE

29:06 - BIT OF BACKGROUND, WHY HE WAS

29:08 - CHOSEN HE'S ONE OF THE REASONS

29:10 - WHY IT'S SO FUN. THE STUDY, THE

29:11 - CIVIL HIS CHARACTERS.

29:14 - >>IF YOU WANT TO GET AN IDEA OF

29:16 - WHAT HE LOOKED LIKE WITHOUT

29:17 - EVEN LOOKING AT A PERIOD

29:18 - PHOTOGRAPH, ALL YOU HAVE TO DO

29:20 - IS LOOK AT ONE OF HIS DIRECT

29:22 - WHEN AIR DESCENDS. ANDERSON

29:24 - COOPER, WHO IS A HOST ON PCN

29:26 - DESCENDED THROUGH ONE OF CARE

29:28 - PATRICK'S HE'S A SPITTING IMAGE

29:31 - OF HIS GREAT, GREAT JESSICA

29:34 - PATRICK, AS I SAID, HE'S ONE

29:36 - OF THE REASONS WHY IT'S SO FUN

29:37 - TO STUDY THE CIVIL HE WAS IN

29:39 - 18, 61 GRADUATE OF WEST POINT.

29:42 - ONE OF YOU KNOW, GRADUATES AT

29:44 - THE BEGINNING OF THE WAR WHEN

29:46 - THE FEDERAL ARMY WANT TO GET

29:47 - THOSE NO OFFICERS OUT IN THE

29:49 - FIELD. HE IS DEFINITELY A STORY

29:52 - UNTO ITSELF WAY BEYOND ALL OF

29:54 - THE THINGS THAT HE GETS

29:55 - INVOLVED IN, YOU KNOW, DURING

29:57 - THE WAR AND AFTERWARDS,

29:59 - >>BEFORE THE FIRST YEAR OF THE

30:01 - WAR IS FINISHED. HE HAD ALREADY

30:03 - BEEN IMPRISONED TWICE.

30:05 - >>FOR BRIBERY AND CORRUPTION.

30:07 - STEALING MONEY. YOU ACTUALLY

30:09 - TAKING BRIBES TO PROVIDE HORSES

30:11 - FOR THE ARMY HE GETS IN A

30:15 - DRUNKEN BRAWL IN WASHINGTON,

30:17 - D.C., IN 18 62. AND I THINK

30:18 - THAT WAS THE SECOND TIME THAT

30:19 - HE WAS IN PRISON. WE'RE USING

30:21 - HE WORKS HIS WAY OUT AND HE

30:22 - BECOMES A VERY ARE VERY QUICKLY

30:24 - WITH THE MACHINATIONS AND

30:27 - POLITICAL INTRIGUE THAT HE CAN

30:30 - USE TO BASICALLY ADVANCES

30:31 - CAREER. INTERESTINGLY, HE'S

30:33 - ACTUALLY THE FIRST REGULAR

30:35 - FEDERAL ARM ARMY OFFICER WHO

30:37 - WAS INJURED DURING THE CIVIL

30:38 - WAR. THE BATTLE OF BIG BETHEL

30:39 - IN 18. 61. HE TAKES A CANISTER

30:42 - SHOT TO THE FIGHT AND AND

30:46 - BECOMES THE FIRST REGULAR ARMY

30:47 - OFFICER INJURED DURING THE

30:49 - CIVIL WAR. SO HE HAS THAT

30:50 - DISTINCTION. BUT AS I SAID

30:52 - BEFORE THE FIRST YEAR, THE WARS

30:54 - EVEN FINISHES ALREADY BEEN INTO

30:55 - IMPRISONED TWICE, GETS HIMSELF

30:57 - OUT.

30:58 - FINALLY GETS INTO THE CALVARY.

31:00 - KUZ HAS BEEN IN THE ARTILLERY

31:01 - IN THE INFANTRY PRIOR TO THAT.

31:03 - AND NEW YORK, HOWEVER, UNIT

31:05 - AND HE BECOMES U.S.. LIEUTENANT

31:06 - COLONEL, I'M BASICALLY IN TREES

31:09 - AND DOES WORK HIS WAY UP TO

31:11 - THE RANKS BECAUSE OF HIS

31:13 - FIGHTING HE DOES VERY WELL WITH

31:15 - THE BATTLE OF BRANDY STATION,

31:17 - WHICH IS KIND OF THE OFFICIAL

31:18 - OPENING OF THE GETTYSBURG

31:19 - CAMPAIGN IN EARLY JUNE OF 18.

31:21 - 63, HE IS SEEN BY CARRY THE

31:24 - ULTIMATE COVER CORPS COMMANDER

31:25 - OFFER PLEASANTON AS ONE OF

31:27 - THOSE HARD FIGHTERS ALONG WITH

31:28 - YOUR, YOU KNOW, YOUR GEORGE

31:29 - CUSTER'S AND AND OTHER YOUNG

31:32 - OFFICERS THAT ARE QUICKLY

31:33 - PROMOTED THROUGH THE RANKS.

31:35 - HE ENDS UP IN COMMAND OF THE

31:38 - 3RD CALVARY DIVISION DURING THE

31:39 - GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. AND THAT'S

31:41 - THAT'S HOW HE FINDS HIMSELF IN

31:42 - INCOME. AND HERE. BUT AS JOHN

31:44 - SAID, HE HERE, LEON, EARNS THE

31:46 - NICKNAME KILL, COVER IT.

31:48 - FOR HIS WANTON USE OF HORSES

31:51 - AND AND TOO.

31:54 - CONDUCT WHAT A LOT OF PEOPLE

31:55 - CONSIDER MAY BE USELESS.

31:57 - CHARGES WERE IMPETUOUS MOUNTED

32:00 - CAVALRY CHARGES AT GETTYSBURG

32:04 - AND HERE DURING THE RETREAT.

32:06 - ONE OF THE BACK STORIES,

32:07 - THOUGH, AND I THINK THIS KIND

32:08 - OF FEEDS INTO PATRICK'S

32:09 - PERSONALITY. WE'VE BEEN TALKING

32:12 - ABOUT OFFER PLEASANTON.

32:14 - THE RETREAT FROM GETTYSBURG ON

32:17 - THE FEDERAL SITE WAS NEVER

32:20 - REALLY AN ORGANIZED OR COHESIVE

32:22 - EFFORT BY EITHER GEORGE MEAT OR

32:24 - THE CARRY COMMANDER. AND SO

32:26 - MAYBE IT WAS A LITTLE BIT TOO

32:27 - LATE AND THAT'S A LITTLE

32:29 - FURTHER DOWN THE ROAD IN THE

32:30 - STORY. BUT WHEN WE'RE LOOKING

32:32 - AT THE FIRST COUPLE DAYS AND IN

32:34 - THE BATTLE OF MONTEREY PASS

32:35 - ANOTHER BATTLES AND SKIRMISHES,

32:36 - THE BREAKOUT, THE FEDERAL

32:38 - CAVALRY IS REALLY NEVER BROUGHT

32:40 - TOGETHER AS ONE HARD-HITTING

32:42 - FORCED TO PUT, YOU KNOW, ONE

32:44 - MAJOR HAMMER BLOW AGAINST THE

32:45 - CONFEDERATE ARMY AND PATRICK

32:48 - REALLY FEEDS INTO THAT WITH

32:50 - THE BATTLE THAT HAPPENS HERE IN

32:52 - OTHER SKIRMISHES BECAUSE HE IS

32:54 - NOT REALLY OPERATING IN CONCERT

32:56 - WITH WITH ANY OF THE OTHER

32:57 - FEDERAL COVER IT ALL AND ENDS

32:59 - UP WITHDRAWING HERE JUST AS

33:01 - HE DOES TIME AND TIME AGAIN.

33:02 - YOU KNOW, OTHER TIMES DURING

33:04 - THE RETREAT, I MEAN, ONE OF

33:06 - THE REASONS WHY THE

33:06 - CONFEDERATES ARE ABLE TO ESCAPE

33:08 - YOUR AND KEEP THOSE ARTERIES

33:09 - OPEN TO RETREAT. SO WE TALK

33:12 - ABOUT HIM BEING THE PERFECT

33:13 - COMMANDER, BUT HE'S ALSO MAYBE

33:15 - PERFECT ON THE CONFEDERATE

33:16 - SIDE, TOO, BECAUSE HE DOESN'T

33:17 - FOLLOW UP ANY SUCCESS THAT HE

33:20 - HAS. NOW THERE'S A NAME.

33:21 - WE DROPPED THEM THERE. A NAME

33:22 - THAT WILL PRODUCE SOME

33:23 - LEGENDARY FOR DIFFERENT REASONS

33:24 - LATER. BUT

33:25 - >>WHO IS GEORGE ARMSTRONG?

33:27 - CUSTER HERE AND BEFORE BEFORE

33:29 - LITTLE BIGHORN. WHO IS COST?

33:32 - >>WELL, COSTS OR GEORGE

33:33 - ARMSTRONG HE WAS A A YOUNG

33:37 - OFFICER. HE SERVED MORE OR LESS

33:38 - ALONG STAFF OFFICER POSITIONS.

33:41 - HE'S FOLLOWING PROMOTED TO THE

33:43 - RANK OF BRIGADIER GENERAL JUST

33:44 - ON THE EVE OF THE BATTLE OF

33:45 - GETTYSBURG. HE TAKES OVER

33:48 - COMMAND KNOWN AS THE MICHIGAN

33:49 - CAVALRY BRIGADE. AND THEN FROM

33:51 - THERE, HE'LL SEE HIS FIRST

33:53 - ACTION MORE OR LESS BEFORE

33:55 - GETTYSBURG AT A PLACE CALLED

33:56 - HANOVER PENNSYLVANIA ON JUNE,

33:58 - 29TH OR JUNE 30TH, JUNE 30 JUNE

34:00 - 30TH. AND THEN FROM THERE,

34:02 - HE'LL FIGHT THE BATTLE OF

34:03 - HUNTERS TOWN. THE 3RD DAY'S

34:05 - BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG OR USE

34:06 - CARRY FIELD AND FOR A YOUNG

34:08 - MAN WHO REALLY DIDN'T HAVE THE

34:10 - COMMAND EXPERIENCE, HE IS

34:12 - EARNING. HE'S EARNING HIS OWN

34:14 - NAME AND THE MEN ARE BEGINNING

34:16 - TO REALLY RESPECT HIM FOR WHAT

34:18 - HE IS CAPABLE OF DOING ANY SEA.

34:21 - WHEN GEORGE CUSTER BEING THAT

34:23 - LEADERSHIP ARE DEVELOPING THOSE

34:24 - LEADERSHIP, ALL THESE,

34:25 - ESPECIALLY DURING THE RETREAT

34:27 - FROM GETTYSBURG JUST LIKE THE

34:29 - BOOK THAT AD HELPED TO WRITE.

34:31 - IT IS ONE CONTINUOUS FIGHT.

34:32 - AND DURING THAT 10 DAYS AFTER

34:34 - GETTYSBURG, YOU'RE GOING TO

34:35 - HEAR A LOT OF GEORGE ARMSTRONG

34:37 - CUSTER'S MEAN BEING DROPPED

34:39 - HERE AND THERE AND

34:41 - I MEAN, HE'S JUST A A FINE,

34:43 - OUTSTANDING YOUNG MAN AND HUGE

34:46 - FAN OF OF CUSTER FOR MANY

34:47 - REASONS. BUT ONE OF THOSE AS

34:49 - FOR WHAT HE TRIED TO ATTEMPT TO

34:51 - DO HERE IN MONTERREY, PASS AND

34:53 - HE ALWAYS DOES LEAD FROM THE

34:54 - FRONT. YES, THAT'S REALLY WHY.

34:56 - >>YOU KNOW, AS JOHN SAID, HIS

34:57 - HIS MEN LOVED THEY WOULD FOLLOW

35:00 - HIM ANYWHERE, YOU KNOW, BECAUSE

35:02 - HERE HE WAS A LEADER FROM THE

35:03 - FRONT.

35:04 - AT A TIME WHEN THERE WERE MANY

35:06 - LEADERS WHO DID NOT LEAVE FROM,

35:08 - YOU KNOW, AND AND THAT'S ONE

35:09 - OF THE MANY STORIES OF THE

35:10 - GETTYSBURG BATTLE AND REALLY

35:12 - THE HOLE SO WAR. BUT CUSTER

35:14 - WAS ONE WHO WOULD, YOU KNOW,

35:17 - TAKE OFF COVERAGE CHARGE OFTEN

35:19 - TIMES BEFORE EVEN HIS OWN MEN

35:21 - WERE READY, YOU KNOW, TO FOLLOW

35:22 - HIM. BUT IT'S ONE OF THE

35:23 - REASONS WHY THEY LOVED AND

35:24 - RESPECTED HIM. AND THAT'S WHAT

35:26 - HE DOES HERE. AND AND JOHN,

35:28 - AGAIN, IS ABSOLUTELY CORRECT.

35:30 - YOU KNOW, THAT'S REALLY ONE OF

35:31 - THE STORIES OF THE RETREAT.

35:31 - ONE OF THE REASONS WHY CUSTER'S

35:33 - NAME COMES UP SO OFTEN IT'S

35:35 - BECAUSE HE IS LEADING FROM THE

35:36 - FRONT AND MANY OF THE BATTLES

35:38 - AND SKIRMISHES THAT HAPPENS

35:39 - OVER THOSE 10 DAYS. AND HE

35:40 - DEFINITELY LEADS BY EXAMPLE.

35:42 - AND THAT'S

35:43 - >>TO ME. THAT IS ONE OF THE

35:45 - QUALITIES OR REMAIN QUALITY OF

35:46 - THE LEADER.

35:47 - >>WE TALK ABOUT WHAT CAVALRY

35:49 - WOULD HAVE BEEN USED FOR

35:50 - DIFFERENT BREED OF SOLDIER,

35:51 - CORRECT.

35:53 - BUT YES, EARLY ON IN THE IN THE

35:55 - WAR, THE CONFEDERATE CAVALRY

35:56 - REALLY HAVE THE A LOT OF THOSE

35:59 - UNITS CAME FROM

36:00 - MILITIA UNITS THAT WE'RE

36:02 - TOGETHER, YOU KNOW, DOWN IN THE

36:03 - SOUTH, IT WAS MORE OF AN

36:04 - AGRARIAN CULTURE.

36:06 - >>HERE IN THE YOU KNOW, THERE

36:08 - WERE LITERALLY A LOT OF MEN

36:10 - WHO WHO ARE JUST NEVER BEEN ON

36:11 - THE BACK OF THE HORSE. THE

36:14 - EXACT OPPOSITE OF THE SOUTH.

36:15 - SO A LOT OF THE EARLY CARRY

36:17 - COMPANIES THAT WERE RAISED IN

36:18 - THE CONFEDERATE ARMY. THESE

36:19 - WERE OFTEN TIMES, YOU KNOW,

36:21 - BOYS, YOUNG MEN, EVEN MIDDLE

36:23 - AGE MAN WHO HAD DRILLED

36:25 - TOGETHER FOR YEARS PRIOR TO THE

36:27 - WAR. SO THEY WERE USED TO EACH

36:28 - OTHER. A LOT OF THOSE MILITIA

36:29 - COMPANIES THEN BECAME COMPANIES

36:31 - WITHIN CAVALRY THAT WE'RE

36:33 - RAISING THE CONFEDERATE ARMY.

36:35 - THEY REALLY HAVE THE UPPER HAND

36:37 - THE FIRST COUPLE YEARS AND

36:38 - ESPECIALLY WHEN LEADERS, YOU

36:39 - KNOW, CAME ALONG LIKE JEB

36:40 - STUART AND MANY OTHERS, THEY

36:44 - HAVE THE UPPER HAND AND BATTLE

36:46 - AFTER A BOUT AGAINST THE

36:47 - FEDERAL ARMY. THE FEDERAL ARMY,

36:50 - CAVALRY REALLY STARTED COMING

36:52 - INTO ITS OWN EARLY ON IN THE

36:54 - GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. WHEN IT

36:56 - WAS FINALLY BROUGHT TOGETHER IN

36:57 - THE SPRING OF 18. 63 BY THERE

36:59 - AND FEDERAL ARMY COMMANDER

37:01 - JOSEPH PARKER, WHO FINALLY MADE

37:03 - A CAVALRY CORPS A COHESIVE UNIT

37:07 - JUST LIKE THE CONFEDERATE ARMY

37:08 - HAD AND INSTEAD OF THEM BEING

37:10 - BASICALLY MESSENGER, BOYS AND

37:12 - COURIERS AND SCOUTS LIKE THEY

37:13 - HAD BEEN BEFORE. NOW THEY WERE

37:15 - A FIGHTING FORCE TO BE RECKONED

37:17 - WITH, PERFORMED VERY WELL AT

37:18 - BRANDY STATION GAINED A LOT

37:20 - OF RESPECT FROM THE CONFEDERATE

37:22 - CAVALRY. FINALLY, BY THEN AND

37:24 - THEN HERE DURING THE GETTYSBURG

37:25 - CAMPAIGN, THEY ARE, YOU KNOW,

37:27 - FIGHTING TOGETHER AS REGIMENS

37:29 - AND BRIGADES AND DIVISIONS.

37:31 - >>ALTHOUGH AS I HAD MENTIONED,

37:32 - ONE OF THE STORIES OF THE

37:33 - RETREAT IS REALLY AS A CORE

37:35 - ITSELF, NOT SO MUCH, BUT VERY

37:38 - MUCH AS COHESIVE REGIMENTS AND

37:41 - AND AND FIGHTING THESE BATTLES.

37:44 - SO IT REALLY BEGAN TO TURN THE

37:45 - TABLES BY THE TIME 18 64 COMES

37:48 - AROUND IT IS A FORCE TO BE

37:51 - RECKONED THERE'S ADVANCEMENTS

37:53 - IN THE WEAPONS WITH SOME OF THE

37:54 - REPEATING RIFLES, YOU KNOW, THE

37:55 - COME ALONG AND HAS THE THE

37:58 - CONFEDERATE CAVALRY IS STARTING

38:00 - TO DWINDLE DOWN TO THE LOSSES

38:02 - AND SO FORTH. IT JUST BECOMES A

38:03 - MATTER OF TIME THAT FEDERAL

38:06 - CARRY ALONG, YOU KNOW, WITH

38:08 - THE INFANTRY IN THE ARTILLERY

38:09 - IS ABLE TO PUT THE HAMMER BLOW

38:10 - IN THE CONFEDERATE ARMY AT THE

38:12 - AT THE END OF

38:12 - THE WORK.

38:13 - >>NOW WE'VE GOT THE CHARACTERS

38:14 - WE'VE SET UP THE EVENT. LET'S

38:16 - TALK ABOUT THE BATTLE.

38:17 - IT'S NIGHTFALL ABOUT 24 HOURS.

38:19 - LITTLE MORE AFTER THE BATTLE OF

38:20 - GETTYSBURG. YOU HAVE A

38:21 - CONFEDERATE WAGON TRAIN MOVING

38:23 - THROUGH A MOUNTAIN PASS UNION.

38:25 - KARYN PURSUIT.

38:26 - >>WHAT HAPPENS? AND THAT'S

38:27 - WHERE THIS BATTLE BECOMES VERY

38:30 - NOT TOO MANY BATTLES ARE FOUGHT

38:31 - AT NIGHT DURING A SEVERE

38:32 - THUNDERSTORM. AND THIS IS THE

38:35 - ONLY BATTLE IS GOING TO BE

38:36 - FOLLOWED ON BOTH SIDES OF THE

38:37 - MASON-DIXON LINE. BY THE TIME

38:38 - IT IS FINISHED AND IT IS

38:41 - PENNSYLVANIA, SECOND LARGEST

38:42 - CIVIL WAR BATTLE. ASIDE FROM

38:44 - GETTYSBURG AND THAT WAS SAID

38:46 - EARLIER HERE RIGHT HERE IN

38:48 - MORRISON IN TOWNSHIP, IN

38:49 - FRANKLIN COUNTY, THE BATTLE

38:51 - BEGINS ABOUT 9, 9, 30 AT NIGHT

38:53 - AS KILPATRICK IS COMING UP,

38:55 - THAT NARROWED THE FALL OF THE

38:56 - EMMITSBURG ROAD. 2 MODERATE

38:58 - PASS WON. HE IS FAR UPON BY

38:59 - A SINGLE ARTILLERY PIECE

39:01 - PLANTED THE MIDDLE OF THE ROAD.

39:05 - RACE IS A GUNFIRE. SEVERAL MORE

39:07 - ROUNDS BE FAR TELL THAT GUN

39:09 - AND THEN ALL OF A SUDDEN YOU'RE

39:10 - GOING HAVE CONSIDER CARRY

39:11 - CHARGING THIS UNION CAVALRY

39:13 - DOWN THE A GOOD WAYS BEFORE

39:16 - THEY BREAK IT OFF AND THEN

39:18 - FOLLY FROM THERE, THE BATTLE

39:20 - THAT BEGINS TO RUB IT QUICKLY

39:21 - DIE STALE.

39:23 - AFTER KILPATRICK FINALLY

39:25 - REORGANIZES ATTACKING THE

39:26 - CONFEDERATES, MOVED BACK FROM

39:28 - JUST THE EASTERN SLOPES OF OVER

39:31 - THE AREA ON REPAIRS TO THE

39:34 - ACTUAL PASS ITSELF. KILPATRICK

39:36 - LAUNCHES A SECOND ASSAULT AND

39:38 - THIS IS WHERE HE WILL DIVIDE

39:39 - HIS CARRY INTO 3 AREAS TRYING

39:41 - TO GET IN FRONT, TRYING TO GET

39:43 - THE REAR OF THE WAGON TRAIN

39:44 - THAT SAME TIME, TRYING TO CUT

39:45 - IT IN HALF AND THE CONFEDERATE

39:47 - YOU'RE GOING TO USE THE

39:48 - MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN TO THEIR

39:50 - ADVANTAGE WITH LOW NUMBERS.

39:51 - I MEAN, RIGHT NOW YOU'RE

39:52 - LOOKING AT LESS THAN 100

39:54 - INDIVIDUALS GOING UP AGAINST

39:55 - SOME AMOUNT OF FORCE OF

39:57 - APPROXIMATELY 4 TO 5,000 WHO

39:59 - SUPPORTED BY 16 PIECES ARE RIFE

40:01 - WITH ARTILLERY. LUCKILY FOR

40:03 - THE CONFEDERATES, YOU HAVE

40:05 - SUPPLIES THAT ARE COMING OFF OF

40:06 - THESE WAGONS THAT ARE GOING

40:07 - HELP TO KEEP THEIR ONE

40:08 - ARTILLERY PIECE HEAVILY ENGAGED

40:11 - BY 3.30, IN THE MORNING.

40:12 - CUSTER'S BATTLE LINE STARTS

40:13 - BOGGING DOWN BECAUSE OF THAT

40:15 - RAIN. YOU HAVE A OF A SMALL

40:17 - CREEK WHOLE RED RUN, WHICH

40:20 - PROVIDING AN OBSTACLE. FINALLY,

40:23 - THEY REALIZED THAT THERE'S A

40:23 - BRIDGE THAT SPANNED THE CREEK

40:25 - THAT HADN'T BEEN DESTROYED.

40:26 - SO THE UNION CAVALRY IS GOING

40:29 - TO GO AHEAD AND CHARGE ACROSS

40:30 - THIS BRIDGE AND TRY TO FORM UP

40:32 - TOO WELL, THE RESERVES TO

40:34 - CHARGE THE ALASKAN FOR POSITION

40:36 - AND WHICH THE WEST VIRGINIANS

40:38 - ARE. THE FIRST WEST VIRGINIA

40:39 - CAVALRY. THEY'RE GOING TO GET A

40:40 - HOLD OF THE WAGON SUPPORTED

40:42 - WITH LIKE THE FIRST OHIO

40:43 - COMPANY WHICH HAS HEADQUARTERS

40:45 - GORED, FOLLOWED BY COASTERS

40:46 - PER GAME AND ABOUT 3.30, IN

40:49 - THE MORNING. THE PEOPLE

40:50 - WAYNESBORO IN THE SURROUNDING

40:52 - AREAS IN THE CUMBERLAND VALLEY.

40:53 - THEY KNEW EXACTLY WHERE THE

40:54 - UNION CAVALRY WAS AS THE WAGONS

40:56 - ARE BEING SET ON FIRE. THEY CAN

40:58 - FOLLOW THE THE PATH OF

41:00 - DESTRUCTION DOWN THE MOUND THEY

41:02 - SAID IS A 4TH OF JULY SPECTACLE

41:04 - THAT THEY NEVER WITNESS AGAIN.

41:05 - THEY'RE ABSOLUTELY CORRECT.

41:07 - NO SOONER THAT THE UNION

41:09 - COVERAGE STARTS BREAKING

41:10 - THROUGH CONFEDERATE INFANTRY

41:11 - IS ARRIVING ON THE WE HAVE THE

41:13 - FIRST BATTALION NORTH CAROLINA

41:15 - SHARPSHOOTERS THE PROVE A

41:16 - SCORED FOR EWELLS A WAGON

41:18 - TRAIN. THEY DEPLOY THEIR

41:20 - SUPPORTED BY BASICALLY A MIX

41:22 - COMMAND SOME OF THE CONFEDERATE

41:25 - PRISONERS. THEY WERE ARRESTED

41:26 - FOR THINGS THAT THEY DID THAT

41:27 - THEY WEREN'T SUPPOSED TO.

41:28 - BUT THE REDEEM THEMSELVES HERE.

41:30 - WE ALSO HAVE PORTIONS ANOTHER

41:33 - INFANTRY BRIGADE ARRIVING IN

41:34 - KILPATRICK, REALIZING THAT

41:36 - CONFEDERATE INFANTRY COMING

41:37 - IN FROM BASICALLY EAST. HE'S

41:39 - GOING TO BE FORCED TO GIVE UP

41:41 - THIS MOUNTAIN PASS AND HE'S

41:43 - GOING TO CONTINUE DOWN THE

41:44 - MOUNTAIN AT THE SAME TIME YOU

41:46 - HAVE CUSTER'S BRIGADE AS WELL

41:48 - AS PARTS OF RICHMOND SPURRED

41:49 - A THEY'RE ALREADY FIGHTING IN

41:50 - MARYLAND AND BY 7 O'CLOCK IN

41:52 - THE MORNING ON JULY 5TH

41:54 - KILPATRICK CALLS A HALT TO THE

41:57 - PATH OF DESTRUCTION AT A PLACE

41:58 - CALLED RINGGOLD. WE'LL TAKE

42:00 - INVENTORY OF SUPPLIES THE

42:02 - WAGONS, THE PRISONERS, AND THEN

42:04 - AFTER THAT, HE'LL GO AHEAD AND

42:05 - MOVE ON THIS MISS BYRD. AND

42:06 - FINALLY, THE BOONSBORO 1300

42:09 - WAGONER OF EXCUSE ME, 1300

42:11 - CONFEDERATE PRISONERS ARE

42:12 - TAKEN.

42:14 - APPROXIMATELY 12 THAT ARE

42:16 - KILLED OR WOUNDED UP HERE.

42:18 - HOWEVER, KILPATRICK LOSSES, I

42:20 - HAVE A BOARDS TO ABOUT 100

42:21 - NAMES, EVEN THOUGH HE REPORTED

42:23 - 24 CASUALTIES AND ALSO 9 MILES

42:26 - WORTH OF WAGONS OR DESTROYED,

42:29 - APPEAR BECAUSE OF THE UNIQUE

42:31 - HAVE RE THE CITY UNION VICTORY.

42:32 - A LOT OF PEOPLE SAY, YOU KNOW,

42:34 - IF YOU LOOK AT THE PATH OF

42:35 - DESTRUCTION THAT KILPATRICK

42:36 - CALLS, WHAT WOULD ULTIMATELY

42:39 - HAPPEN WITH THE MOUNTAIN PASS

42:40 - WAS LEFT OVER. SO YOU CAN

42:41 - ALMOST ARGUE THAT THE BATTLES A

42:43 - CONFEDERATE VICTORY BECAUSE OF

42:45 - THE FACT THAT THE FEDERAL ARMY

42:46 - IS GOING TO USE THIS MOUNTAIN

42:47 - PASS FOR THE NEXT SEVERAL DAYS

42:48 - FOR ITS RETREAT. PATRICK WAS

42:50 - CERTAINLY WANT TO SMASH DEFEAT

42:52 - FROM THE JAWS OF WHAT ONE OF

42:55 - THE STORIES I KNOW. I KIND OF

42:56 - SON HARD ON, BUT IT REALLY.

42:58 - >>IT REALLY YOU KNOW, JUST AS

43:01 - JOHN SAID, IT'S IT'S SOMETHING

43:03 - THAT LEAVES OPEN. YOU KNOW,

43:05 - THIS SO IMPORTANT MOUNTAIN GAPS

43:07 - AND MAIN ARTERIES TO THE

43:09 - HAGERSTOWN AREA BECAUSE

43:10 - KILPATRICK DOESN'T FOLLOW UP

43:12 - HIS VICTORY OR TRY TO SECURE

43:14 - THESE AREAS. YOU KNOW, THIS

43:15 - FIGHTING HAPPENS.

43:16 - I JUST WANT TO MENTION US A

43:17 - 3RD. IF THERE WAS A MONUMENT TO

43:19 - AN INDIVIDUAL HERE AT MONTEREY

43:21 - PAST BATTLEFIELD, I THINK WOULD

43:23 - BE KEPT IN GEORGIA MAC THE THE

43:27 - MARYLAND CARRY CONFEDERATE.

43:29 - HE'S AND HE'S REALLY QUITE A

43:30 - STORY. HE'S OFTEN, YOU CALLED

43:32 - THE HERO OF THE BATTLE.

43:33 - MONTEREY PAST. I'M JOHN WAS

43:36 - TALKING ABOUT, YOU KNOW, THE

43:38 - LESS THAN 100 MEN THAT ARE

43:40 - REALLY DEFENDING THIS LOAN

43:41 - CANNON AND KIND OF FIGHTING

43:44 - A FIGHTING ON BOTH FRONTS OF

43:47 - WHAT HAPPENS ARE, YOU KNOW,

43:49 - WHAT'S THE MAIN PART OF THE

43:50 - BATTLE HERE? BOTH AT FAIRFIELD

43:51 - GAP AND AND MONTEREY AND THEY

43:54 - DO ABSOLUTELY AMAZING WORK WITH

43:56 - THAT ONE GUN AND THE LIMITED

43:58 - AMOUNT OF MEN THAT THEY HAVE,

44:00 - OF COURSE, THE THE TERRAIN AND

44:01 - THE WEATHER REALLY REALLY

44:02 - HELPS. BUT YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT

44:04 - LESS THAN THOSE 100 MAN.

44:05 - AGAIN, SEVERAL 1000 FEDERAL

44:07 - CARRY THAT THEY ARE ABLE TO

44:09 - HOLD OFF.

44:10 - THEN LATER ON WITH THE AID OF

44:12 - THE SUPPORTING CONFEDERATE

44:13 - TROOPS THAT COME IN FOR SEVERAL

44:14 - HOURS. I MEAN, WHAT A STORE,

44:16 - YOU THAT'S THAT'S WHY PEOPLE, I

44:18 - THINK REALLY NEED TO COME UP

44:20 - HERE. LOOK AT THIS WONDERFUL

44:22 - VISITOR CENTER AND ALL THE

44:23 - DISPLAYS AND THE WONDERFUL

44:24 - DETAILS AND EVERYTHING THAT'S

44:25 - IN THERE TO GET THE STORY OF

44:27 - OF, YOU KNOW, HOW THIS REALLY

44:29 - PROGRESSED AND WHY IT WAS SO

44:31 - IMPORTANT TO THE CAMPAIGN LEE'S

44:33 - RETREAT COULD HAVE BEEN SUCCESS

44:35 - FOR COMPLETELY FALLING APART

44:37 - HERE AT MONTEREY PASSED, HAD

44:39 - IT NOT BEEN LEFT OPEN FOR HIS

44:41 - SHOES AND BECAUSE OF THE FACT

44:44 - THAT HE HAD NO SUCH GOOD MEN

44:46 - IN PLACE SUCH A STALWART

44:47 - FIGHTERS LIKE YOU'RE YOU'RE THE

44:49 - MAX AND YOUR YOUR JONES AND

44:51 - SO FORTH. AND THEN ALSO THE

44:53 - FACT THAT KILPATRICK DIDN'T

44:54 - FOLLOW UP AND REALLY LEFT US

44:55 - ARE REOPENING JUST AS HE WOULD

44:57 - DO LATER ON THIS. MISTER BERG.

44:59 - JUST AS HE WOULD DO, IN FACT, A

45:01 - FALLING WATERS WITH A VERY RASH

45:04 - DOWN THERE.

45:05 - >>AND ALLOW THE REST OF THE

45:07 - TAIL END OF LEE'S ARMY ESCAPE

45:08 - ACROSS THE RIVER. BUT IT'S A

45:10 - WONDERFUL STORY AND IT'S SO

45:12 - IMPORTANT TO THE CAMPAIGN.

45:13 - YEAH, VERY, VERY LITTLE STUNT.

45:15 - AND HOPEFULLY THAT'S ABOUT TO

45:17 - CHANGE.

45:18 - >>AND JUST LIKE JD WAS TALKING

45:20 - ABOUT CAPTAIN GEORGIE WEAVING.

45:23 - THERE'S ALSO ANOTHER IMPORTANT

45:24 - PLAYER AND A LOT OF PEOPLE ARE

45:25 - SURPRISED TO LEARN THE ON

45:27 - REPASS HAS A MEDAL OF HONOR

45:28 - RECIPIENT, A MAJOR CHARLES K

45:31 - POURED WHO COMMANDED THE FIRST

45:32 - WEST VIRGINIA CAVALRY. IT WAS

45:35 - HIS HIS REGIMENT THAT INITIALLY

45:37 - BROKE THROUGH THE CONFEDERATE

45:39 - BATTLE LINES. THEY TOOK OUT A

45:40 - CONFEDERATE ARTILLERY PIECES

45:42 - HERE AND THEY WERE THE FIRST

45:43 - ONES TO BASICALLY START

45:44 - STORMING THROUGH THE WAGON

45:46 - TRAIN THAT BEGAN THIS BACKLASH

45:49 - OF DESTRUCTION, THE ONE ALL THE

45:51 - WAY DOWN THE MOUNTAIN WILL

45:52 - FINALLY RECEIVE THAT MEDAL OF

45:54 - HONOR IN 18. 98. THERE'S A LOT

45:58 - OF SMALL UNKNOWN OFFICERS AND

46:02 - THEN THE FOLD

46:02 - UP HERE WELL WITH MODERATE

46:05 - PASS. HOPEFULLY WE CAN START

46:06 - BRINGING THE MAX AS WELL AS

46:09 - CAPE ARTS TO LIFE AND START

46:10 - SHOWING THE REST OF THE SOME OF

46:13 - THESE TRUE HEROES THAT ARE IN

46:15 - OUR BACKYARD.

46:16 - >>NOW, JOHN VISITORS TO THE

46:17 - SITE. WE'LL BE SURPRISED TO

46:19 - SEE A MICHIGAN STATE HISTORICAL

46:20 - MARKER ON LOCATION. WHAT DID

46:23 - THE MICHIGANDERS DO HERE AND

46:24 - WHY HE'S THAT MARKER HERE?

46:26 - >>WELL, GENERAL GEORGE CUSTER,

46:28 - HE'S THE ONE WHO COMMANDED THE

46:29 - MICHIGAN CAVALRY BRIGADE, THE

46:31 - MICHIGAN CARRY BRIGADE WERE THE

46:32 - ONES THAT WERE HEAVILY ENGAGED

46:34 - OR THIS BATTLE FROM START TO

46:36 - FINISH.

46:38 - 3RD ONCE A COUPLE DOWN ON

46:39 - AROUND THE BANKS OF RED RUN.

46:41 - THE REASON WE HAVE THE MICHIGAN

46:42 - MARKER HERE IS BECAUSE THE

46:43 - STATE OF MICHIGAN AFTER HEARING

46:45 - OUR STORY, THEY WERE SO

46:47 - OVERWHELMED BY THE STORY, IN

46:48 - FACT, THAT THEY WANTED TO SEE

46:50 - A MARKER BE PUT HERE A STATE

46:52 - SPONSOR DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL

46:54 - RESOURCE STORY HERE. AND WE

46:56 - WERE ABLE TO GO AHEAD AND

46:57 - UNVEIL THAT DURING THE ONE.

46:59 - 58, OUR SON MAKES THE 5TH ONE

47:02 - OF ITS SIZE OUTSIDE OF THE

47:03 - STATE OF MICHIGAN AND THE

47:05 - SECOND ONE ON SOUTH MOUNT HERE

47:07 - ALONE. THE SECOND ONE ONLY

47:09 - BEING 20 MILES AWAY DOWN AT THE

47:11 - BATTLEFIELDS OF SOUTHBOUND,

47:12 - WHICH WAS A BATTLE IN 18.

47:13 - 62.

47:14 - >>THIS IS A BATTLE THAT'S

47:15 - CHAOTIC SPOTTED NIGHT SPOT ON

47:17 - THE RAIN. IT'S GOING TO BE A

47:19 - LOT OF INTERESTING STORIES YOU

47:20 - FOUND IN YOUR RESEARCH. CAN YOU

47:22 - SHARE SOME WITH US?

47:23 - >>IS THERE ARE AND YOU KNOW,

47:25 - FOR FOR SUCH AN OBSCURE AND AND

47:27 - UNHEARD ACTION DURING THE CIVIL

47:28 - WAR, IT WAS REALLY IMPORTANT TO

47:30 - THE PARTICIPANTS THAT FOG HERE.

47:32 - THANK GOODNESS THEY LEFT A LOT

47:33 - OF SOME OF MY FAVORITES

47:35 - ACTUALLY DEAL WITH THE WEATHER

47:37 - AND WHAT THEY HAVE TO, YOU

47:38 - KNOW, DEAL WITH BECAUSE THEY

47:41 - TORRENTIAL RAIN, THE LIGHTNING

47:44 - THEY WERE REALLY FIGHTING THIS

47:45 - BLIND AND MANY OF THEM COULD

47:47 - BARELY SEE IT ON EITHER A LOT

47:50 - OF THE SOLDIERS

47:51 - WRITE ABOUT ONLY BEING ABLE TO

47:53 - SEE THE ENEMY OR THAT RAIN OR

47:54 - ANYTHING AROUND THEM OR EVEN AS

47:56 - FAR AS THEIR HAND COULD REACH

47:57 - WHEN THEY GOT A LIGHTNING

47:58 - FLASH. SO FOR THAT HALF A

48:00 - SECOND, YOU KNOW, THEY COULD

48:01 - BASICALLY SEE WHERE THEY WERE

48:03 - AND THEN MAYBE THE MUZZLE

48:04 - FLASHES, THE ENEMY. THEY THEY

48:05 - KIND OF HAVE AN IDEA WHERE THEY

48:06 - WORK A LOT OF THEM WROTE ABOUT,

48:08 - YOU KNOW, SLIPPING AND FALLING.

48:10 - I THINK THERE ARE, YOU KNOW,

48:11 - PROBABLY A LOT OF INJURIES

48:12 - HAPPENING BECAUSE THAT THE 1,

48:14 - ONE THING I REALLY THOUGHT WAS

48:15 - INTERESTING.

48:16 - WHEN ONE OF THE FEDERAL I THINK

48:20 - YOU MAY HAVE BEEN THE ONE WHO

48:21 - DUBBED THIS MOUNT MISSOURI

48:22 - BECAUSE OF THE, YOU KNOW, THE

48:24 - TERRAIN AND ALL THAT WAS GOING

48:26 - ON WITH THE RAIN AND AND SO

48:28 - FORTH.

48:29 - HE WROTE THAT, YOU KNOW, IT WAS

48:31 - SO HIGH UP IN THE MOUNTAIN PASS

48:33 - THAT IT WAS ALMOST LIKE THE

48:35 - CLOUDS AND THE LIGHTNING AND

48:36 - EVERYTHING WAS DOWN BELOW HIM.

48:39 - >>AND I SORT OF GOT A SENSE OF

48:41 - WHEN MY SON AND I WERE WERE

48:43 - DRIVING HERE FROM NEW YORK

48:44 - AREA. SO WE WERE COMING UP THE

48:47 - TURNPIKE AND BASICALLY

48:48 - FOLLOWING COULD COME PATRICK'S

48:49 - ROUTE INTO THIS FIGHT UP THE

48:53 - THE IRON SPRINGS ROAD. I LOOKED

48:55 - OFF IN THE DISTANCE, RIGHT, CAN

48:57 - SEE SOUTH MOUNTAIN AND I COULD

48:58 - SEE MONTEREY GAP TO FAIRFIELD

49:01 - CAP AND IT'S IT ACTUALLY WAS AS

49:05 - THOUGH THE CLOUDS WERE JUST

49:06 - BELOW THE SOME OF THEM OUT.

49:08 - IT WASN'T JUST MISSED, BUT IT

49:09 - WAS IT WAS LITERALLY THE CLOUDS

49:11 - THAT WERE OFTEN THAT, YOU KNOW,

49:13 - AREA. AND THAT'S IMMEDIATELY

49:15 - WHAT I I THOUGHT OF THOSE THOSE

49:18 - TROOPERS AND WHAT THEY MUST

49:19 - HAVE SEEN AND FELT THAT THEY

49:21 - WERE SO HIGH THAT THE THE

49:23 - WEATHER AND THE CLOUDS AND

49:24 - EVERYTHING WAS DOWN BELOW THAT.

49:25 - SO I REALLY GOT A SENSE OF

49:27 - THAT. AND I WHAT THEY ARE

49:28 - WRITING ABOUT PROBABLY WAS

49:29 - ACTUALLY TRUE.

49:31 - >>SO MY FAVORITE STORIES IS

49:32 - LIKE WITH WAS TALKING ABOUT

49:35 - DARK IN KEY OR PLATONIC

49:37 - DARKNESS. ONE HAD TO BE GUIDED

49:39 - BY SENSES AND NO LONGER BUS

49:42 - ITEM. THERE'S A LOT OF THE

49:43 - COUNTS OF THAT ONE OF THE

49:45 - FAVORITE STORIES OF MINE IS

49:47 - ACTUALLY BY LUTHER HOPKINS WHO

49:49 - WAS WITH THE 6 VIRGINIA CAVALRY

49:50 - AND APPARENTLY AND ONE POINT,

49:52 - TOM, WHEN HE ARRIVED ON THE

49:53 - BATTLEFIELD, HE ISN'T THAT THE

49:55 - CITY WERE GENERAL GRUMBLE

49:56 - JONES'S AND HE'S YELLING FOR

49:58 - GENERAL JONES. AND FINALLY,

49:59 - JONES SAYS, YOU KNOW, YOU KNOW,

50:01 - HE SAYS I'M RIGHT HERE. HE SAYS

50:02 - THE U.S. STOCK HOMEY GENERAL,

50:04 - THE U.S. CALL ME BILLION.

50:05 - AND THAT'S BECAUSE OF THE PRO

50:06 - CLOSE PROXIMITY THAT A LOT OF

50:08 - THESE GUYS ARE AND THEY DON'T

50:10 - KNOW WHERE THEIR ENEMY A LOT

50:12 - OF ACCOUNTS LIKE THAT WHEN THE

50:15 - CATTLE BREAK AWAY FROM THE

50:16 - WAGON TRAINS. THAT'S ANOTHER

50:17 - FUNNY BECAUSE NOW YOU'VE GOT

50:19 - THUNDER, LIGHTNING RAIN.

50:21 - >>NOW YOU HAVE THE BELLOWING OF

50:22 - THE CAL AND SO TO SPEAK.

50:24 - SO NOW YOU'RE STARTING HERE.

50:25 - TROOPERS DESCRIBED THE BATTLE

50:27 - BECOMING VERY HIDEOUS TO THE

50:28 - EXTREME AND OF A LOT OF THE

50:31 - STUFF THAT JAMES KID WHO WAS

50:32 - A CAPTAIN IN THE 6 MICHIGAN

50:35 - HERE ARE

50:35 - SEVERAL PAGES ABOUT THE

50:37 - MOVEMENTS HERE AND HE TALKS

50:39 - ABOUT HOW ALL THE THE GOAL IS

50:41 - ARE OVERFLOWING STRINGS, BECOME

50:43 - WITH SOME MASSIVE RAGING RIVER.

50:47 - A LOT OF COUNCIL LIKE THAT.

50:50 - BUT ONE OF MY FAVORITE STORIES

50:52 - IS ABOUT THE 50 CONFEDERATE

50:54 - PRISONERS SAID THERE ARE UNDER

50:55 - ARREST BUT APPROVE A SCORED AND

50:56 - THEY CAN HEAR THE SOUNDS OF

50:58 - BATTLE IN THE DISTANCE.

50:59 - AND LIEUTENANT COLONEL WARDEN

51:01 - BASICALLY SAYS, YOU KNOW WHAT,

51:03 - GUYS, IF YOU'RE WILLING TO PICK

51:04 - UP THE RIFLE AND JOIN OUR

51:06 - RANKS, WILL SEE THAT YOUR

51:07 - SENTENCES OR LESS 3 OF THOSE

51:09 - CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS WERE TO

51:10 - BE CONDEMNED TO DEATH.

51:14 - THEY QUICKLY PICKED UP THE

51:15 - RIFLE AND THEIR SENTENCES WERE

51:17 - A LESSON TO THE POINT THAT THIS

51:18 - BATTLE ACTUALLY SAVED THEIR

51:19 - LIVES AND OF COURSE, THE OTHER

51:23 - STORY. THIS IS THE LEAD STORY.

51:25 - ALL SHARES JOSEPH LEASES WITH

51:27 - WEST VIRGINIANS AS HE IS SEEING

51:29 - CAPEHART AND GENERAL CUSTER

51:31 - DESCRIBING. WE'RE TALKING ABOUT

51:33 - HOW THEY'RE GOING TO DO THIS

51:34 - CHARGE. HE SAID THE SECOND

51:35 - SEEMED LIKE MINUTES IN THE

51:36 - MINUTES SEEM LIKE HOURS AND

51:38 - FINALLY, THE ORDERS CAME WITH

51:41 - AND ROLL IS SABER AND HE SAID

51:43 - LIKE A PACK OF WILD INDIANS.

51:44 - WE CHARGE TUMBLING THE CANNON

51:47 - OR THE EMBANKMENT. AND THEN

51:48 - THE EYE OF THE PRIZE QUICKLY

51:50 - CAME UP ON US. THE REAR OF THE

51:51 - WAGON TRAIN. HE SAYS THEY'RE

51:53 - CHARGING DOWN THE MOUND.

51:54 - HE SAYS I COULDN'T TELL WE WERE

51:56 - FLYING OR IF WE WERE BLIND.

51:58 - SO AS OF JUST ONE OF MY

52:00 - FAVORITE STORIES UP HERE, I

52:01 - THINK WE HAVE TO APPRECIATE

52:02 - THE CONFUSION. YOU KNOW THAT

52:03 - THAT HAPPENS HERE AND THE WAY

52:05 - IT SO OFTEN DESCRIBED.

52:07 - >>AND WHY SOMETIMES IT CAN

52:09 - ACTUALLY BE QUITE A CHALLENGE

52:11 - TO TO SORT OF NAIL DOWN.

52:12 - EXACTLY. YOU KNOW WHAT TROOPS

52:14 - ARE MOVING WHERE AT ONE

52:16 - PARTICULAR POINT IN TIME WHEN

52:17 - WE TRY TO SORT OF PIECE

52:18 - TOGETHER ALL THE ACCOUNTS, YOU

52:19 - KNOW, THAT WE HAVE FROM THE

52:20 - PARTICIPANTS HERE. BUT THERE

52:22 - WERE MANY OFFICERS, FOR

52:23 - INSTANCE, ON THE CONFEDERATE

52:24 - SIDE THAT ENDED UP GETTING

52:26 - CAPTURED OR SURROUNDING WHO

52:27 - MIGHT HAVE OTHERWISE ESCAPED

52:28 - BECAUSE NUMBER ONE, THEY

52:29 - COULDN'T SAY THEY COULDN'T

52:30 - TELL, YOU KNOW, A LOT OF THESE

52:31 - AND WE HAVEN'T MENTIONED EXCEPT

52:33 - A LOT OF THE PARTICIPANTS ON

52:35 - BOTH SIDES WERE WEARING THOSE

52:36 - COME BLANKET, YOU KNOW, TYPE

52:38 - OF RAIN COATS, WHICH DISGUISE

52:41 - THEIR TRUE IDENTITY, THEIR

52:41 - UNIFORMS. SO A LOT OF

52:43 - CONFEDERATES. I THOUGHT THAT

52:45 - MAYBE SOME FELLOW CONFEDERATES

52:47 - WERE ACTUALLY FEDERALS AND VICE

52:48 - VERSA. AND, YOU KNOW, THEY

52:49 - DIDN'T KNOW EXACTLY WHO THEY

52:51 - WERE FIGHTING, BUT A LOT OF

52:54 - OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN KIND

52:55 - OF PROBLEM SOLVERS IN A TWIST

52:57 - AND END UP GETTING CAPTURED

52:58 - BECAUSE THEY BLUNDERED INTO,

53:00 - YOU KNOW, FEDERAL TROOPS THAT

53:01 - THEY DIDN'T KNOW. WAS THERE.

53:02 - THERE'S THERE'S ALSO ANOTHER

53:04 - STORY ABOUT ARE QUITE A NUMBER

53:06 - OF THE 10TH VIRGINIA CAVALRY

53:09 - WHO ENDED UP GETTING CAPTURED

53:10 - KIND OF LAID ON IN THE FIGHT.

53:13 - WHEN THEY ARE COMING UP THE

53:14 - ROAD TOWARDS THE FEDERAL AND

53:17 - THIS IS DOWN NEAR I BROWN

53:18 - SPRING THE TEST, VIRGINIA

53:21 - COVERAGE COMING UP THE ROAD

53:23 - AND THEY ARE SUDDENLY STOPPED

53:25 - BY A FEDERAL OFFICER WHO POINTS

53:27 - HIS REVOLVER DOWN THE ROAD AND

53:28 - SAYS HALT WHO GOES THERE.

53:30 - ONE OF THE MEN, ONE A VIRGINIAN

53:32 - SAYS THE 10TH VIRGINIA

53:33 - COVERAGE. SO THE FEDERAL SAYS

53:35 - TO H WITH YOU TEST VIRGINIA

53:37 - CARRY SURRENDER AND THEY HAVE

53:39 - NO IDEA HOW MANY THERE WERE

53:40 - FACING. BUT THEY ALL JUST AS A

53:42 - GROUP JUST SURRENDER AND HERE,

53:43 - JUST A FEW FEDERALS WERE ABLE

53:45 - TO TAKE. I THINK THE BETTER

53:45 - PART OF A OF THE TOWN OF THAT

53:47 - EFFORT IN THE COVERAGE.

53:48 - >>AND THEY ALL END UP GETTING

53:49 - CAPTURED. SO, YOU KNOW, A LOT

53:52 - OF MEN JUST FOUND QUITE IN A

53:55 - TWIST IN THE SITUATION THAT

53:56 - THEY OTHERWISE COULDN'T GET OUT

53:57 - OF SIMPLY BECAUSE OF THE THE

53:58 - WEATHER IN THE DARKNESS.

54:00 - UNBELIEVABLE HOW TO AN

54:01 - IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF THIS WHOLE

54:02 - THIS WHOLE SITUATION.

54:03 - >>JOHN, THIS IS A BATTLE THAT

54:04 - GOES OVER 20 MILES. A LOT OF

54:07 - DESTRUCTION. HAS THERE BEEN

54:08 - ANY SIGNIFICANT ARCHEOLOGY ON

54:10 - THE SIDE OR HAS THERE BEEN

54:12 - FOUND IN THE REMNANTS FROM THE

54:13 - WAGONS BURNT?

54:15 - >>A LOT OF THE WRECKAGE IS OR

54:16 - LEASE THE IRON WHERE FROM THE

54:17 - WAGON SAID THAT AS SAYING

54:19 - DURING THE BATTLE SOME OF THE

54:20 - WAGONS AND ACTUALLY FELL OFF

54:22 - THE MOUNTAIN CLIFFS INTO THE

54:23 - STEEP RAVINES. A LOT OF THOSE

54:25 - WAGON IRON PARTS WERE SEEN AS

54:27 - LATE AS THE 1930'S FROM A LOT

54:29 - OF THE LOCALITY THAT I'VE

54:30 - TALKED TO HERE. THERE ARE STILL

54:33 - ALL KINDS OF SIGNS ARTIFACTS BE

54:36 - THE GROUND THROUGH WHAT WE CALL

54:39 - A SPECIAL DISH FOR

54:40 - ARCHAEOLOGICAL DIGS OR STUDIES.

54:43 - TO MY SURPRISE. A LOT OF MORE

54:45 - PULLED BULLETS, WHICH ARE

54:47 - OBVIOUSLY THEY'RE COMING FROM

54:48 - THE INFANTRY SIDE OF THE

54:49 - CONFEDERATE INFANTRY SIDE,

54:50 - WHICH MEANS WHEN THEY WERE

54:51 - LOADING THEIR GUNS, THEY HAVE

54:53 - TO HAVE THEIR BARRELS UP.

54:55 - AND THEN BY POWDERS FAILING

54:56 - TO IGNITE BECAUSE THERE ARE

54:57 - JUST WET. SO THEY HAVE TO POUR

54:59 - EXTRACT THAT BOARD OUT AND THEN

55:02 - JUST SERVED ON THE GROUND,

55:03 - TRYING TO MAKE AN ATTEMPT TO

55:04 - BLOW THEIR GOING AGAIN. SO A

55:05 - LOT OF ARTIFACTS ARE STILL IN

55:07 - THE GROUND ARE STILL COMING OUT

55:09 - AND THERE ARE STILL A LOT OF

55:10 - ARTIFACTS FROM THE HONOREE PASS

55:13 - OR THOSE WHO WERE HERE THAT ARE

55:15 - FOR SALE ALL OVER THE COUNTRY

55:17 - RIGHT NOW. AND WE ARE TRYING

55:19 - TO KEEP OUR EYE ON THEM AND

55:21 - TRYING TO GET SOME OF THAT

55:22 - HISTORY. PULL BACK TO THIS

55:23 - AREA.

55:24 - >>IF WE WERE TO COME VISIT THE

55:25 - SITE, WHAT WE FIND.

55:27 - >>WELL, IF YOU WERE TO COME

55:27 - TO THE SITE OBVIOUSLY WE WANT

55:30 - TO WAS VISITOR EXPERIENCE.

55:31 - IT DOESN'T MATTER IF YOU GO TO

55:33 - THE NATIONAL MILITARY PARK IN

55:34 - GETTYSBURG OR A STATE PARK

55:36 - THERE AND MARYLAND. WE WANT

55:38 - EVERYBODY TO COME HERE AND

55:39 - EXPERIENCE THE SAME KIND OF

55:41 - PROGRAM, SAME KIND OF QUALITY

55:43 - LIVING TOURS. A LOT OF OUR

55:47 - TOURS AND PROGRAMS THAT WE DO

55:50 - THAT ARE CONCENTRATED AROUND

55:51 - THE BATTLE. THERE ARE VERY

55:52 - HEAVILY ATTENDED THERE. WE TAKE

55:55 - PEOPLE FOR ALL KINDS OF TOURS

55:57 - OF THE BATTLEFIELD HERE.

55:58 - DIFFERENT AREAS AND YOU DON'T

55:59 - HAVE TO BE A HISTORY LOVER IN

56:01 - ORDER TO COME OUT HERE AND TO

56:02 - APPRECIATE THE HISTORY THAT WE

56:04 - HAVE HERE ON SITE. THERE'S A

56:06 - LOT OF NATURAL RESOURCES UP

56:07 - HERE THAT WE ALSO WANT TO

56:08 - PROMOTE AS WELL AS OTHER TIME

56:10 - PERIOD. SO THERE'S A LITTLE BIT

56:11 - OF SOMETHING FOR EVERYBODY.

56:12 - AND I THINK THIS ONE, THE PLAN

56:14 - OF THE PARK COMES TOGETHER.

56:16 - THIS IS GOING TO BE A VERY

56:17 - ENJOYABLE EXPERIENCE FOR THE

56:19 - HARD-CORE CIVIL WAR BUFF DOWN

56:21 - TO THE AVERAGE FAMILY. THIS

56:23 - LOOKING FOR SOMETHING TO DO

56:24 - BESIDES GOING TO GET IS FOR

56:26 - WE'RE TRYING TO GET THAT

56:27 - COMPLETE STORY OF THE BATTLE

56:29 - GINSBURG. YOU'RE GOING TO FIND

56:31 - A WONDERFUL VISITOR CENTER WAS

56:32 - A GREAT COLLECTION OF

56:33 - ARTIFACTS.

56:34 - >>I'M JOHN HAS WRITTEN AT LEAST

56:36 - A COUPLE OF BOOKS ON ONE OR

56:38 - A PASS. FOLKS WHO COME HERE,

56:40 - TALK TO JOHN, YOU KNOW, TALK TO

56:42 - HIS PEOPLE. TAKE A TOUR.

56:44 - THEY HAVE SELF-GUIDED AUTO AND

56:47 - WALKING TOURS, YOU KNOW, IN IN

56:48 - THE VISITOR CENTER SOUTH.

56:49 - AND THAT'S REALLY THE BEST

56:51 - CLASSROOM IS THE THE

56:52 - BATTLEFIELD ITSELF.

56:54 - >>SO I MEAN, THAT IS HARDLY

56:56 - GET THESE FOLKS TO TAKE YOU OUT

56:58 - THERE AND AND EXPLAIN. THE

56:59 - ACTIONS DESCRIBED THE ACTION,

57:01 - DO IT YOURSELF, YOU KNOW, WITH

57:02 - THE HELP OF THE MATERIALS THAT

57:03 - THEY HAVE IN THE VISITOR

57:04 - CENTER. WONDERFUL EXPERIENCE

57:06 - AND ONE THAT REALLY SHOULD BE A

57:07 - MODEL FOR FOR A LOT OF US ARE

57:09 - CENTERS. AND, YOU KNOW, THE

57:10 - VISITORS EXPERIENCE.

57:11 - >>I MEAN, THIS WAS A GRASSROOTS

57:13 - EFFORT BY WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP

57:15 - WITH THE FORMATION OF THE

57:16 - FRIENDS OF MONTEREY PASS DEAN

57:19 - AS WELL AS THE EVENTS

57:20 - COMMITTEE, WHICH IS MORE OR

57:21 - LESS BECOMING MORE OF AN

57:22 - INSTITUTION. AND SO FOR THE

57:26 - THINGS SAID, THESE

57:27 - ORGANIZATIONS AND THE PEOPLE

57:29 - THAT VOLUNTEER THEIR TIME.

57:30 - IT'S AMAZING WHAT WE HAVE A

57:31 - GUN ACCOMPLISHED UP HERE WITHIN

57:33 - THE VERY LITTLE TIME THAT WE'VE

57:35 - BEEN TOGETHER. SO IT'S

57:36 - DEFINITELY WORTH COMING UP HERE

57:38 - AND DEFINITELY WORTH CHECKING

57:39 - OUT.

57:40 - >>ON THAT NOTE, I'D LIKE TO

57:41 - THANK MY GUESTS. JOHN MILLER

57:43 - AND J D PUT ROOTING FOR BEING

57:44 - WITH US TODAY. AS ALWAYS, IF

57:46 - YOU HAVE QUESTIONS ABOUT THE

57:47 - DAYS OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR

57:49 - FUTURE EPISODES, PLEASE VISIT

57:50 - OUR WEBSITE AT PCN TV DOT COM

57:53 - WHERE EVERYBODY HERE A

57:54 - BATTLEFIELD, RIGHT THING ALONG.