00:29 - >>HELLO, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN.

00:30 - AND WELCOME TO BATTLEFIELD

00:31 - PENNSYLVANIA. TODAY WE'RE

00:33 - FILMING ON LOCATION AT

00:34 - WRIGHTSVILLE YORK COUNTY.

00:37 - IN THE SUMMER OF 18. 63 ROBERT

00:39 - E LEE'S ARMY OF NORTHERN

00:40 - VIRGINIA INVADED PENNSYLVANIA.

00:42 - THEIR TARGET AMONGST MANY WAS

00:44 - HARRISBURG.

00:46 - TO CAPTURE THE STATE CAPITOL.

00:47 - THEY FIRST HAVE TO CROSS THE

00:48 - SUSQUEHANNA RIVER. AND TO DO

00:50 - THAT, THEY HAVE TO TAKE CONTROL

00:51 - OF THE COLUMBIA BRIDGE. FOR

00:53 - THAT REASON. ON JUNE 28TH 18 63

00:56 - CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS AND

00:57 - PENNSYLVANIA MILITIA. THE

00:58 - BATTLE HERE, WRIGHTSVILLE.

01:00 - BY THE DAYS AND HARRISBURG WAS

01:02 - SPARED. BUT THE WORLD'S LONGEST

01:04 - COVERED BRIDGE WAS COMPLETELY

01:05 - DESTROYED. HELLO, I'M YOUR HOST

01:08 - BREAK, RIGHT, SIR. JOINING ME

01:10 - TODAY TO DISCUSS THE BATTLE

01:11 - OF WRIGHTSVILLE AND THE BURNING

01:12 - OF THE COLUMBIA BRIDGE. THIS

01:14 - RESEARCH SCIENTIST AND AUTHOR

01:16 - SCOTT L MINKAH SENIOR.

01:17 - >>SCOTT, THANK YOU FOR BEING

01:18 - HERE. THANK YOU. APPRECIATE IT.

01:20 - YOU'RE ACTIVE IN THE CIVIL WAR

01:21 - COMMUNITY. TELL US A LITTLE

01:22 - ABOUT YOUR BACKGROUND. SURE.

01:23 - I GREW UP IN SOUTHEASTERN OHIO,

01:25 - AN AREA THAT WAS RIFE WITH

01:26 - CIVIL

01:27 - WAR HISTORY.

01:28 - >>I LIVED ABOUT 10 MILES ON THE

01:29 - SAME ROAD AS THE BIRTH PLACE

01:31 - OF THE MORE GENERAL PHIL

01:33 - SHERIDAN COMES TO SHERMAN WAS

01:35 - BORN FARTHER ON DOWN THE SAME

01:36 - ROAD AND IN THE OTHER DIRECTION

01:39 - WAS GEORGE ARMSTRONG CUSTER.

01:40 - SO I WAS VERY INCHES OF WAR

01:42 - HISTORY. MY DAD WAS A WORLD

01:43 - WAR. 2 VETERAN. I HAD ANCESTORS

01:46 - WHO FOUGHT IN THE CIVIL WAR AT

01:47 - BOTH THE ANTIETAM AND

01:48 - GETTYSBURG IN MY GREAT, GREAT

01:49 - GRANDFATHER FIGHT UNDER SHERMAN

01:51 - OUT WEST AS A 15 YEAR-OLD

01:53 - DRUMMER BOY, THE

01:54 - 51ST OHIO VOLUNTEERS. NOW

01:56 - YOU'VE WRITTEN A FEW BOOKS.

01:57 - CAN YOU TALK ABOUT I HAVE 15

02:00 - BOOKS ARE 13, WHICH ARE NOW

02:02 - IN PRINT TO MORE COMING OUT

02:03 - THIS YEAR, MOSTLY ON THE

02:05 - AMERICAN CIVIL WAR WITH A

02:06 - STRONG FOCUS ON COURSE AND YOUR

02:09 - COUNTY AND THE GETTYSBURG

02:10 - CAMPAIGN AS WELL AS SOME OF

02:12 - THE HERE IN THIS AREA.

02:14 - >>NOW, THE SUSQUEHANNA RIVER

02:15 - LOOMS LARGE BEHIND US SO THAT

02:17 - THERE IS A BRIDGE THAT CROSSED

02:18 - IT. NOT THE ONE WE'RE GOING TO

02:20 - TALK ABOUT. COULD YOU TALK

02:21 - ABOUT THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE

02:22 - BRIDGE THAT CONNECTED COLOMBIAN

02:24 - RIGHT THERE, OF COURSE, SAW THE

02:26 - COVER. A LOT OF THIS IN A BOOK

02:27 - THAT I WROTE CALLED FLAMES

02:28 - BEYOND GETTYSBURG BEEN NEARLY

02:31 - DAYS. THE SUSQUEHANNA RIVER WAS

02:32 - KIND OF THE BARRIER BETWEEN

02:33 - CIVILIZATION AND INDIAN

02:35 - COUNTRY.

02:36 - >>AND AS PEOPLE PUSH WESTWARD,

02:38 - THERE WERE A SERIES OF FERRIES

02:39 - THAT STARTED LANCASTER BEHIND

02:43 - TO THE EAST AND YOUR COUNTY.

02:46 - AND LATER, ADAMS COUNTY AND

02:47 - THEN ON THE WILDERNESS.

02:49 - >>BY 10TH 18, 12 TIME PERIOD.

02:53 - IT CAME NECESSARY, TOO, BECAUSE

02:55 - OF ALL THE PAST YEAR TRAFFIC,

02:56 - THE ONE FOR THIS AREA, THEY

02:57 - WANT TO BUILD A BRIDGE.

02:58 - >>SO THE CITIZENS OF COLUMBIA

03:00 - CROSS THE RIVER, A NUMBER OF

03:02 - AND THEIR INVESTORS, THE SITE

03:03 - TO BUILD A LARGE THAT WOULD

03:05 - SPAN THE AT THE TIME WAS THE

03:07 - LONGEST COVERED BRIDGE EVER

03:08 - BUILT ON EARTH WAS NOT. IT WAS

03:10 - OPEN TO THE PUBLIC IN 18 UP

03:13 - TO 14 WAS BY FAMED A BRIDGE

03:16 - ARCHITECT JAMES MOORE JUNIOR

03:19 - BRIDGE WAS KNOCKED DOWN 18.

03:21 - 32 BY AN ICE STORM AND THE

03:23 - INVESTORS DECIDED THAT IT WAS

03:25 - TOO LOW. IT WAS IN THE WRONG

03:26 - POSITION. SO THEY MOVED THE

03:28 - BRIDGE DOWNSTREAM TO UP.

03:30 - BEHIND US AND THE LOCATION THAT

03:32 - SOME OF YOU MAY SEE ON THE

03:33 - SCREEN WITH HIS PEERS, WHICH

03:35 - ARE 15 FEET HIGHER AND ABOVE

03:37 - THE ICE LEVEL. SO USING THE

03:38 - SAME TIMBERS, THEY REBUILT THE

03:40 - BRIDGE TO REOPEN IN JULY OF

03:41 - 18. 34 AND SAME GENERALS WHEN

03:44 - HENRY HARRISON ANDREW JACKSON

03:46 - WERE AMONG. SO THE FIRST

03:48 - PROMINENT PASSENGERS TO GO

03:50 - ACROSS THE NEW REBUILT BRIDGE

03:51 - WAS ALSO FEATURED PROMINENTLY

03:53 - IN THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

03:55 - BECAUSE IF YOU CAN GET THE

03:56 - SLAVES ACROSS THE RIVER IN

03:58 - LANCASTER COUNTY, THE FUGITIVES

03:59 - WITH THEN BE PICKED UP BY THE

04:01 - QUAKERS IN LIBYA, WHITE FREE.

04:03 - SO THIS HAS QUITE A HISTORY AS

04:04 - FAR AS BOTH COMMERCE

04:06 - COMMERCIALIZATION, AS WELL AS

04:08 - THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD.

04:10 - >>NOW THIS TREE WE'RE

04:11 - INTERESTED IN TODAY AS THE

04:12 - AMERICAN CIVIL WAR COURSE, THE

04:14 - SUMMER OF 18. 63 IS AN

04:15 - INTERESTING ONE. COULD YOU TAKE

04:16 - US UP TO THE WAR AT THAT POINT?

04:17 - WHAT'S GOING ON?

04:20 - >>THE UNION ARMY HAD BEEN

04:21 - STRUGGLING PARTICULAR IN THE

04:23 - FALL OF THE QING 62 IN THE

04:24 - WINNER OF THAT. WHEN ARE THEY

04:26 - HAD LOST, OF COURSE, A SERIES

04:27 - OF BATTLES AT A STALEMATE AND

04:29 - TEEN ON THAT A LOSS, A BLOODIED

04:30 - TO FEED DATA FREDRICKSBURG IN

04:33 - THE SPRING OF 18. 63, THEY LOST

04:34 - AGAIN AFTER CHANCELLORSVILLE

04:37 - ALL THE ROBERT E LEE LOST HIS

04:40 - THOMAS. STONEWALL JACKSON AND

04:42 - THAT BATTLE AROUND WAS

04:44 - RELATIVELY LOW IN PARTS OF THE

04:47 - ROBERT E LEE. CERTAINLY 5, YOU

04:48 - CAN MAKE IT TO INTO THE WAS AN

04:51 - OPPORTUNE TIME THAT BECAUSE

04:54 - NORTHERN SYMPATHIES. LISA

04:56 - PERCEPTION, RICHMOND WAS

04:58 - NORTHERN CENTER BASED LAW.

04:59 - YOU KNOW, WE'RE NOT FAVORABLE

05:01 - TO THE GOVERNMENT. PERHAPS THE

05:02 - TIMING WAS TO CONSIDER

05:05 - INUNDATION OF THE NORTH.

05:07 - >>WHY WAS PENNSYLVANIA SO

05:08 - ATTRACTIVE TO LEE? IT WILL BE A

05:09 - FULL-SCALE INVASION, BUT THERE

05:11 - ARE SEVERAL REASONS. MAY ONE

05:13 - PENNSYLVANIA KNOW HOW WAS THE

05:16 - >>SUPPLY, POTENTIAL SUPPLY OF

05:17 - FOOD AND SUPPLIES TO HIS ARMY.

05:20 - ALI HAD BEEN STRUGGLING FEEDING

05:22 - AS OVER THE WINTER AND

05:24 - THROUGHOUT THE FREDRICKSBURG.

05:27 - AND THEN THE CHANCES, THOUGH,

05:28 - CAMPAIGN IN THE SPRING, HE HAD

05:30 - A LOT OF CONCERNS ARE PRETTY

05:32 - REALLY FEED U.S. ARMY FOR

05:33 - ANOTHER YEAR OFF VIRGINIA AND

05:34 - FIGHTING FOR OVER 18 MONTHS

05:36 - IN VIRGINIA. SO FOR SUPPLIES

05:37 - ARE LOW. SO PENNSYLVANIA,

05:39 - NORTHERN MARYLAND OFFERED

05:40 - EXCUSE TO GET A LOT OF FOOT.

05:42 - SECONDLY, PENNSYLVANIA WAS ALSO

05:44 - ATTRACTIVE BECAUSE OF THE

05:45 - RAILROAD NETWORK OF THE

05:46 - SUPPLIES AND THINGS THAT CAME

05:47 - THROUGH HERE. MOST OF THE COAL

05:49 - FOR THE BECAME FROM

05:50 - PENNSYLVANIA THROUGH THESE VERY

05:52 - RAILROADS WORK IN THIS REGION.

05:54 - THERE WAS ALSO THE POSSIBILITY

05:57 - SOME STRONG SOUTHERN SYMPATHY

05:58 - IN THIS AREA BECAUSE OF THE

06:00 - STRONG RELATIONSHIP. SOUTHERN

06:01 - PENNSYLVANIA HAVE A BALTIMORE

06:03 - AND THEN FINALLY,

06:04 - PENNSYLVANIA'S REPUBLICAN STATE

06:06 - A FACTOR WAS PROBABLY THE

06:07 - LARGEST REPUBLICAN STATE IN

06:09 - TERMS OF POPULATION THE

06:11 - GOVERNOR OF THE STATE ID RECORD

06:12 - WITH A STRONG ALLY OF LINCOLN.

06:14 - AND THERE WAS SOME SETTLEMENT

06:15 - THEM AND THEY CAN HIGH COMMAND

06:18 - SANTA FE AT MARCH ON

06:19 - HARRISBURG, POTENTIALLY TAKE IT

06:22 - THAT ONCE AGAIN SENT SHOCKWAVES

06:24 - THROUGH THE NORTH AGAINST THE

06:25 - REPUBLICAN ADMINISTRATION AND

06:27 - THE PEACE DEMOCRATS AND OTHER

06:28 - PEOPLE WHO ARE OPPOSED TO THE

06:29 - WAR COULD POTENTIALLY THEN RISE

06:32 - UP AND FORCE A LAKE IN THE

06:33 - MINISTRATIONS TO THE

06:35 - NEGOTIATING TABLE.

06:36 - >>NOW, IF WE COULD FOR SECOND,

06:37 - IMAGINE YOURSELF AS LEE.

06:39 - ONE OF THE MOST ATTRACTIVE

06:40 - TARGETS AVAILABLE

06:41 - IN PENNSYLVANIA.

06:42 - >>I THINK THERE ARE SEVERAL.

06:43 - I MEAN, ONE OBVIOUSLY IS AROUND

06:44 - RIGHT NOW WORKS. SO THAT LEAVES

06:46 - THE TOWN OF YORK, WHICH WAS A

06:47 - CRITICAL RAILROAD PEOPLE.

06:49 - I WAS THE LARGEST TOWN BETWEEN

06:50 - BALTIMORE AND HARRISBURG.

06:52 - YORK WAS AN OBVIOUS TARGET.

06:54 - YORK ALSO HAD A U.S. ARMY BASE

06:56 - IN A LARGE U.S. ARMY HOSPITALS.

06:58 - WELL, AS TO MAJOR SUPPLY DEPOTS

07:00 - CHAMBERSBURG WAS ALSO FAIRLY

07:02 - ATTRACTIVE TARGET BECAUSE IT

07:03 - WAS ON THE CUMBERLAND VALLEY

07:04 - RAILROAD WHICH RAN FROM

07:06 - HAGERSTOWN, MARYLAND, UP TO

07:07 - HARRISBURG, HARRISBURG ITSELF,

07:09 - OF COURSE, WITH THE OKAY IF YOU

07:11 - CAN TAKE IT. BUT THOSE ARE OUR

07:14 - BECAME VERY CRITICAL TO GET

07:15 - YOUR CHAMBERSBURG CARLISLE,

07:17 - PLACES LIKE THAT. THERE WERE

07:18 - RAILROAD TOWNS AND ALSO HAVE

07:20 - EITHER MOVED TO MILITARY

07:21 - FACILITIES AND OR SUPPLY DEPOTS

07:23 - WERE QUITE HEAVY IN THE

07:24 - SINKING.

07:26 - >>THERE'S A REAL SENSE IN

07:27 - PLACES AS FAR AS PITTSBURGH AND

07:29 - PHILADELPHIA, THEY MIGHT BE

07:30 - TARGETS. WAS THERE ANY CHANCE

07:32 - LEE CAN MAKE AN EFFORT, THOSE

07:33 - PLACES? WELL, THOSE PLAYERS

07:35 - WERE CERTAINLY CONCERNED THERE

07:37 - IS ALSO CONCERN THE LEE WAS

07:38 - ACTUALLY KEPT TARGETING

07:40 - CHARLESTON ARE WHEELING WEST

07:41 - VIRGINIA BECAUSE THAT WAS GOING

07:42 - TO COME STATE ON JUNE. 20TH 18.

07:44 - 63 AND LES, OF COURSE, THAT

07:46 - FIGHT IN THAT NORTHWESTERN PART

07:48 - OF VIRGINIA EARLY IN THE WAR.

07:49 - SO THERE ARE CONCERNS THERE

07:51 - ABOUT THEM COMING. THERE WERE

07:52 - CONCERNS IN MY NATIVE OHIO

07:54 - ABOUT LEE COMING INTO OHIO.

07:55 - AND OF COURSE, HERE IN

07:56 - PENNSYLVANIA, AS YOU MENTIONED,

07:58 - BOTH PHILADELPHIA, PITTSBURGH,

07:59 - BECAUSE OF THE ARSENAL'S, THE

08:02 - GUN FOUNDRIES. WELL, THE

08:04 - MANUFACTURING MIGHT OF THOSE

08:05 - CITIES AS WELL AS THEIR ABILITY

08:07 - TO RECRUIT AND THE POLITICAL

08:08 - FALLOUT CERTAINLY BECAME

08:10 - TARGETS. PRESIDENT LINCOLN ONCE

08:12 - HE GOT WORD THAT THE

08:13 - CONFEDERATES INDEED WERE COMING

08:15 - THIS DIRECTION CALLED FOR

08:16 - 100,000 VOLUNTEERS. 25,000 FROM

08:19 - WEST VIRGINIA. 25,000 FROM OHIO

08:22 - IS 50,000 FOR PENNSYLVANIA.

08:24 - AS THE STORIES WE LIKE TO GO

08:25 - TO THE SOURCES, WE LIKE TO SEE

08:27 - DISSLY WRITE ANYTHING ABOUT

08:29 - WHAT HE WANTS TO DO IN

08:30 - PENNSYLVANIA. AS FAR AS THE

08:31 - TARGET WE JUST DISCUSSED THE

08:33 - HASN'T.

08:34 - >>YOU KNOW, WE'VE PRIMARY GOAL

08:35 - AGAIN IS TO WIN A BATTLE IN

08:36 - NORTHERN SOIL. SO HE CERTAINLY

08:39 - WILL GIVE INSTRUCTIONS TO

08:40 - LIEUTENANT GENERAL RICHARD

08:41 - JEWELL, WHO IS LEADING THE

08:42 - ADVANCE OF THE PENNSYLVANIA.

08:44 - >>TO, QUOTE, UNQUOTE, TO

08:45 - CAPTURE HARRISBURG. IF IT COMES

08:47 - WITHIN YOUR MEANS. BUT, YOU

08:49 - KNOW, WE NEVER EXPLICITLY WROTE

08:51 - THAT HE WANTED TO TAKE

08:52 - HARRISBURG IT AND THEN THE WARM

08:54 - IT'S EARLY FOR HIM. THE

08:55 - BATTLEFIELD WAS THE OBJECTIVE

08:57 - OF THE DESTRUCTION OF THE UNION

08:58 - ARMY WAS REALLY IS GOAL.

09:00 - AND AGAIN, THE KEY PHRASES, IF

09:02 - IT COMES WITHIN YOUR MEANS AND

09:04 - HE WOULD HAVE

09:05 - TAKEN HARRISBURG.

09:06 - >>ONE OF THE THINGS I SEE

09:07 - READING YOUR BOOK IS

09:08 - CONFEDERATES REALLY

09:09 - BELIEVE THAT SOUTH CENTRAL

09:11 - PENNSYLVANIANS MIGHT EVEN

09:12 - WELCOME THEM AS THEY COME IN.

09:14 - WHY WAS THAT?

09:15 - >>I THINK THERE ARE SEVERAL

09:16 - REASONS. BRADY, ONE IS THAT

09:18 - THIS AREA WAS WIDELY KNOWN AS A

09:21 - PEACE DEMOCRAT AND OR SOUTHERN

09:24 - DEMOCRAT FASHION. THAT'S SOME

09:26 - OF THE TOWNSHIP'S HERE IN YORK

09:27 - COUNTY, FOR EXAMPLE, OR THE

09:28 - TOWNSHIP MAN, I'M TOWNSHIP

09:30 - VOTED. 98% OF CANCELING IT IN

09:33 - THE OTHER TOWNSHIPS WHERE THEY

09:35 - HIGH I-NINETY. SO THE SOUTH

09:38 - CENTRAL TO YOUR PARTICULAR, THE

09:39 - SOUTHERN PARTS OF ADAMS AND

09:40 - SOUTHERN PARTS OF YOUR FRANKLIN

09:42 - COUNTIES TENDED TO HAVE STRONG

09:44 - CONNECTIONS TO BALTIMORE.

09:46 - SO THERE IS A CERTAIN SENTIMENT

09:47 - HERE THAT THERE WAS AND PARTS

09:49 - OF MARYLAND THAT PERHAPS THE

09:50 - CONFEDERATES WITH FIND FRIENDS

09:52 - IN THIS PARTICULAR OR IF

09:54 - NOTHING AT THE VERY LEAST THEY

09:56 - WOULD ANTI LINCOLN SAID ABOUT

09:58 - THAT WITH A LEAST A MAN AND

10:00 - NOT INTERFERE WITH THEIR

10:01 - ACTIVITIES. THEY CAME THROUGH

10:03 - THE AREA.

10:03 - >>WE OFTEN THINK OF THE CIVIL

10:05 - WAR AS BEING VERY NORTH AND

10:06 - SOUTH. WHY WOULD A NORTHERNER

10:08 - SUPPORT OR HAVE ANY CONFEDERATE

10:09 - SIMPLE THINGS LIKE THAT?

10:10 - THERE ARE SEVERAL RACES,

10:11 - PARTICULARLY IN THE SOUTHERN

10:12 - PART OF OHIO WHERE HE GREW UP

10:14 - IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF

10:14 - PENNSYLVANIA. YOU HAD

10:16 - HISTORICAL TIES TO SLAVES,

10:18 - STATES, WHETHER IT BE VIRGINIA,

10:19 - KENTUCKY, IN THE CASE OF THE

10:20 - ISLAND'S SOUTHERN INDIANA OR

10:22 - THIS BALTIMORE, AS I MENTIONED

10:24 - A FEW TIMES. SO BECAUSE YOUR

10:27 - WAS VERY MUCH WITH US OUT THERE

10:29 - WAS A LOT ECONOMIC TIES.

10:31 - SO CERTAINLY THERE ARE ALSO

10:32 - CULTURAL TIES. SAW A LOT OF

10:34 - THIS REGION AS WELL.

10:36 - >>MANY OF THESE PEOPLE WERE

10:38 - MARYLANDERS OR HAD FAMILY IN

10:39 - MARYLAND AS WELL, WHICH WAS A

10:40 - SLAVE OWNING STATE. AND THERE

10:43 - WERE CERTAINLY AN ELEMENT THAT

10:44 - BELIEVE THAT IF THE

10:46 - CONFEDERATES, ONE OF THEIR

10:48 - INDEPENDENCE, LOT OF HABIT.

10:50 - >>JUST LEAVE HIM THAT, YOU

10:52 - KNOW, IT'S NOT THE UNITED

10:53 - STATES GOVERNMENT'S BUSINESS

10:55 - INTERFERE. SO A PARTICULAR IN

10:57 - SOUTHERN OHIO WAS VERY STRONG

10:59 - IN SOME AREAS. WE CERTAINLY

11:00 - ARE. AND THAT HERE IN

11:01 - PENNSYLVANIA AS WELL.

11:03 - >>NOW TO THE MOST CONFEDERATE

11:04 - SYMPATHIZERS IN THE NORTH

11:05 - ACTUALLY SUPPORT FOR SECESSION.

11:07 - MOORE REUNION UNDER NEW

11:09 - >>A LOT OF THE BREEZE OF

11:11 - SOUTHERN SENT TO SOME PLACE TO

11:13 - BE. WELL, SOME WERE MERELY THE

11:14 - POINT THAT, YOU KNOW, AS I

11:16 - MENTIONED, THE SLAVE ALLOWED.

11:17 - THERE ARE OTHER PEOPLE THAT THE

11:19 - POLICE WERE THAT THEY CAN

11:22 - GOVERNMENT WAS RIGHT IN SEEKING

11:23 - THEIR OWN INDEPENDENT SOME AND

11:24 - THERE ARE A NUMBER OF

11:25 - NORTHERNERS STILL BELIEVE IN

11:26 - STATES RIGHTS STEPHEN DOUGLAS,

11:29 - IN FACT, HAVE POPULARIZED THE

11:31 - TERM CALLED POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

11:33 - IN THE YEARS BEFORE THE CIVIL

11:34 - WAR, WHICH IMPLIED STATES HAD

11:36 - THE RIGHTS TO DO WHAT THEY WANT

11:37 - TO TELL. AND SO THE RECENT

11:39 - NUMBER OF NORTHERNERS THAT

11:41 - WE'RE HERE, IT'S THE DOUGLAS'S

11:43 - POLICIES THAT'S STILL BELIEVE

11:45 - THAT, YOU KNOW, IF THE STATE

11:46 - WANTED TO DO WHAT IT WANTED,

11:47 - ONE HAVE SLAVERY COULD HAVE

11:48 - SLAVERY. WE WANT TO SEE THAT

11:50 - THEY CAN DO IT.

11:51 - >>ON THE EXTREME A FEW SIDE,

11:54 - NORTHERNERS BECAUSE SOMETHING

11:55 - IS WHEN ALL THE WAY TO ACTUALLY

11:57 - JOIN THE CONFEDERATE ARMY.

11:59 - SO THERE WERE A NUMBER

12:01 - CIVILIANS HERE IN YORK COUNTY

12:03 - WHO TRAVELED DOWN TO BALTIMORE

12:05 - OR TRAVEL TO OTHER PARTS OF THE

12:06 - SOUTH AND ACTUALLY JUST JOINED

12:08 - UP. IN FACT, THE CONFEDERATE

12:09 - BRIGADIER GENERAL COMMANDED THE

12:11 - FORT'S DEFENDING NEW ORLEANS

12:13 - WAS BORN AND RAISED HERE IN

12:14 - YORK COUNTY.

12:15 - >>SOME PENNSYLVANIA'S MAY HAVE

12:16 - WELCOMED THE CONFEDERATES,

12:18 - SOMETHING WE KNOW ONE GROUP

12:19 - THAT ESPECIALLY DIDN'T

12:20 - AFRICAN-AMERICANS. CAN YOU

12:21 - DESCRIBE THEIR EXPERIENCE

12:22 - DURING THIS TIME? SURE.

12:24 - >>A NUMBER OF THE

12:24 - AFRICAN-AMERICANS HERE IN

12:26 - PENNSYLVANIA WERE MODERATE

12:27 - GENERATIONAL. THEY'VE BEEN BORN

12:29 - AND RAISED IN PENNSYLVANIA BACK

12:31 - OF THE 17 80'S, PENNSYLVANIA

12:32 - HAD A GOOD AND GRADUAL

12:34 - EVOLUTION TO SLAVES. AND SO A

12:36 - NUMBER OF THE PEOPLE HERE WHERE

12:37 - 3RD, 4TH, 5TH GENERATION

12:39 - DESCENDANTS OF SLAVES, A NUMBER

12:41 - OF PENNSYLVANIA BLOCKS IN THIS

12:43 - AREA, WAR REFUGEE SLAVES

12:45 - THEMSELVES. WE'RE LEFT MARYLAND

12:47 - OR VIRGINIA OR EVEN PLACES

12:48 - FARTHER SOUTH COME TO

12:50 - PENNSYLVANIA BECAUSE OF THE

12:51 - BALL. POSITIVE ATTITUDE, IF

12:53 - YOU WILL, ABOLITIONISTS AND IN

12:56 - PARTS OF PENNSYLVANIA. SO

12:59 - ESPECIALLY WHEN THEY GOT WORD

13:00 - THE CONFEDERATE ARMY WAS COMING

13:01 - INTO THIS REGION. MANY

13:03 - AFRICAN-AMERICANS IN

13:04 - PENNSYLVANIA WERE QUITE

13:05 - CONCERNED. AND WHEN REPORTS

13:07 - STARTED CIRCULATING, I THINK

13:09 - IT'S BETTER THAN SCARRED,

13:11 - PROTECT

13:12 - ITS COOPERATE, HAD ENTERED

13:13 - FRANKLIN COUNTY IN THE

13:14 - CHAMBERSBURG REGION OR ACTUALLY

13:16 - KIDNAPPING FREE. BORN

13:18 - PENNSYLVANIA CITIZENS AS WELL

13:19 - AS WHAT THEY SUSPECTED TO BE

13:21 - FUTURE. THE SLANT. WE'RE

13:22 - HAULING THEM PRESUMABLY BACK

13:25 - TO VIRGINIA TO BE SOLD INTO

13:26 - SLAVERY AND A NUMBER OF THE

13:28 - AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THIS

13:29 - REGION. THE FACT THE VAST

13:30 - MAJORITY OF THEM ABANDONED

13:32 - THEIR HOMES AND LEFT TRYING TO

13:34 - GET ACROSS THE RIVER AT THE

13:36 - TIME. THERE WERE 2 ONLY REALLY

13:38 - TO CROSS INTO THE RIVER BETWEEN

13:40 - HARRISBURG, A MARYLAND WOMAN

13:41 - TO COLUMBIA BRIDGE HERE IN

13:43 - WRIGHTSVILLE IN COLOMBIA.

13:45 - AND OF COURSE, THERE WERE

13:46 - BRIDGES AT HARRISBURG. SO WELL,

13:48 - THOSE AFRICAN AMERICANS FLOCKED

13:50 - OVER THOSE BRIDGES AND THE

13:51 - REPORTS THAT AS MANY AS 1800

13:54 - AFRICAN-AMERICANS FROST AND

13:56 - EITHER HARRIS, BORDER LANCASTER

13:57 - COUNTY IN THE DAYS PRECEDING

13:59 - THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG

14:01 - >>WITH THE CONFEDERATES MOVING

14:02 - NORTH, PANIC STARTS TO SPREAD

14:04 - THE GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA,

14:05 - ANDREW CURTAIN CALLS FOR FORCES

14:07 - TO BE RAISED BY PENNSYLVANIANS.

14:09 - WHAT DOES HE ASK FOR AND WHAT

14:10 - DOES IT GET?

14:11 - >>AS I MENTIONED BRIEFLY

14:12 - EARLIER, LINCOLN AND ASKED FOR

14:14 - 100,000 VOLUNTEERS, HALF OF

14:15 - WHICH WERE TO COME FROM

14:16 - PENNSYLVANIA. SO GOVERNOR

14:18 - CURTAIN AND THAT'S THAT THE

14:20 - ATTACK WOULD BE ON HARRISBURG.

14:21 - I'M STARTED RAISING TROOPS ON

14:24 - HIS OWN. HE CALLED FOR THE

14:27 - 50,000 VOLUNTEERS. THE PROBLEMS

14:28 - WAS REALLY FREEFALL. ONE IS A

14:31 - NUMBER OF PENNSYLVANIA HAS

14:32 - ALREADY SERVED IN THE ARMY.

14:33 - THEIR TERMS ARE UP AND I WANT

14:34 - TO GO BACK 2. THERE WAS A

14:36 - SIGNIFICANT USE EARNED THAT.

14:39 - EVEN THOUGH THE CURTAIN WAS

14:40 - CALLING OUT THE STATE THESE MEN

14:43 - WERE GOING TO JOIN THE MILITIA.

14:44 - THERE WAS A LOT OF CONCERN THAT

14:45 - THEY BE FORCED INTO THE FEDERAL

14:46 - WARMING.

14:47 - >>FOR EITHER 9 MONTHS OR

14:48 - PERHAPS AS LONG AS 3 YEARS.

14:50 - THE PEOPLE THAT WANT TO SERVE

14:51 - THAT AND THE 3RD ISSUE WAS OF A

14:53 - SUMMER HARVEST AND A NUMBER OF

14:55 - THESE UP, PENNSYLVANIA'S SIMPLY

14:57 - WANT TO STAY HOME MANAGER CROPS

15:00 - ALL TAKE CARE OF THEIR AND

15:02 - CERTAINLY BRING IN THE SUMMER

15:03 - HARVEST. ALL SOME OF THEM HAD

15:05 - ALREADY IN PAST RUMORS OF

15:07 - INVASIONS OR PASS INCURSIONS.

15:09 - AS WITH JEB STUART'S INCURSION

15:11 - OF OCTOBER 18. 62 SO THERE WERE

15:14 - A NUMBER OF PENNSYLVANIA'S HAD

15:16 - THEN JOINED THE STATE MILITIA

15:18 - AND THEY WERE LIKE ALMOST LIKE

15:19 - CHICKEN SKIES FOLLOWING HIS

15:21 - ROOM OR SUNSET. TIME OF THE

15:23 - REBELS ARE COMING. WELL,

15:24 - THEY'RE LIKE I DON'T WANT TO

15:25 - JOIN THE MILITIA AGAIN. THEY'RE

15:26 - NOT COMING. SO THERE WAS

15:27 - GENERAL AND ADDED TO THIS

15:29 - REGION ALMOST DISBELIEF.

15:31 - WHEN WORD FINALLY GET TO THE

15:32 - CONFEDERATES TRULY WERE COMING.

15:35 - >>IF YOU'RE A SOUTHERNER AND

15:36 - YOU SEE PENNSYLVANIA MILITIA,

15:38 - ARE YOU AFRAID?

15:39 - >>ALL OF IT IN FACT, UP.

15:41 - >>CAN FEDERER MAJOR GENERAL JOB

15:42 - OR LEAVE COMMANDER ONE OF THE

15:44 - WINGS OF THE CONFEDERATE ARMY,

15:46 - THE WING THE WAY THROUGH YORK

15:47 - AND ENDED UP HERE IN

15:48 - WRIGHTSVILLE CALLED THE STATE

15:50 - MILITIA, QUOTE, UNQUOTE, NOT

15:52 - ONLY INEFFICIENT AND THEIR

15:55 - CONFEDERATES REALLY DID WANT TO

15:56 - SHOOT THESE GUYS. THEY WANTED

15:58 - TO CAPTURE, TAKE THE SHOES,

15:59 - TAKE THEIR EQUIPMENT, THINGS

16:00 - LIKE THAT. BUT THEY ALMOST

16:02 - LAUGHED AND MOCKED THE STATE

16:04 - MILITIA. IN FACT, THE ONE CASE

16:06 - AS YOUR BOARD EARLY ON FRIDAY,

16:07 - JUNE 25TH TOOK THE TOWN OF IT

16:11 - CAPTURED OFF MORE THAN 175 THE

16:13 - STATE MILITIA, A PARADE AT SOME

16:15 - OF THEM IN THROUGH THE STREETS

16:16 - OF GETTYSBURG AND MARK THEM

16:19 - YOU KNOW, PRETENDING TO BE

16:20 - SOLDIERS THAT YOU'RE GOING TO

16:21 - THE MAMAS.

16:22 - >>SO THE MILITIA NEEDS A LOT

16:23 - OF HELP. ANDREW CURTAIN CALLS

16:25 - UPON GRANVILLE HOWARD.

16:27 - THEY SAY.

16:28 - >>HOW ARE WAS SAY A MAN BORN IN

16:30 - YORK, PENNSYLVANIA FATHER DIED

16:33 - WHEN HE WAS 2 YEARS OLD.

16:34 - SO IT'S RAISED BY HIS MOTHER

16:36 - AND HIS BROTHER WAS A A

16:38 - PROMINENT POSITION IN THE AREA.

16:39 - BUT HIS MOM WANTED HIM TO BE A

16:41 - PREACHER TO JOIN US AND TO

16:43 - GETTYSBURG, THE LUTHERAN

16:44 - SEMINARY. HE WANTED TO BE A

16:45 - SOLDIER. SO WE TRIED LANGLEY AN

16:47 - APPOINTMENT TO WEST POINT

16:49 - DIDN'T GET POINT. INSTEAD WENT

16:51 - TO CIVIL WAR. GENERAL WATER,

16:53 - BILL FRANKLIN, WHO IS ALSO FOR

16:55 - HERE IN YORK. SO HOW ARE ENDED

16:57 - UP GOING TO WASHINGTON NOW?

16:58 - ALL MANAGED TO GET INTERVIEWS

17:00 - WITH PROMINENT PEOPLE SIGNED UP

17:01 - FOR THE ARMY, NEVER WENT TO

17:03 - WEST POINT. BUT AND SERVED IN

17:06 - THE SEMINOLE WARS SERVE IN THE

17:07 - NEXT TO WAR AND THEN WAS OUT

17:10 - WASHINGTON TERRITORY, FIGHTING

17:11 - COMMAND SAY UP FOR STAYING WITH

17:14 - CAPTAIN. WE'RE LIVE 10 AND THEN

17:16 - A CAPTAIN IN THE 4TH US IN FOR

17:17 - A TREAT. THE TIME OF THE CIVIL

17:19 - WAR. HE WAS A MAJOR, THE 7TH US

17:21 - IN FOR A TREAT. HE COMMANDED

17:23 - THE HEADQUARTERS GARDEN TO

17:24 - GEORGE MCCLELLAN DURING THE

17:26 - BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. AND THEN

17:27 - UNDER A MEMBER'S BURNSIDE

17:29 - DURING THE BATTLE OF

17:29 - FREDERICKSBURG, WE'VE GOT ILL

17:31 - OVER THE WINTER. 62 63 WAS BACK

17:34 - HOME HERE IN YORK. PENNSYLVANIA

17:36 - RECUPERATING HARRISBURG OFFERED

17:39 - HIS SERVICES TO THE GOVERNOR

17:40 - CURTAIN AND BECAUSE OF HIS VAST

17:42 - MILITARY EXPERIENCE AND HIS

17:43 - POLITICAL CONNECTIONS YOU KNOW,

17:46 - HAVING BEEN A PERSONAL FRIEND

17:47 - OF GEORGE MCCLELLAN'S, HE WAS

17:49 - NAMED TO COMMAND THE FORCES

17:51 - DEFENDING THE RIVER IN YORK

17:53 - COUNTY AS WELL AS THE FRONTAGE

17:55 - IN ADAMS COUNTY.

17:57 - >>THE CIVIL WAR IN MANY WAYS IS

17:58 - ABOUT RIVERS, RAILROADS AND

18:00 - MOUNTAIN PASSES. WHAT IT REALLY

18:01 - WANTS TO INVADE PENNSYLVANIA

18:03 - WHAT AVENUES ARE AVAILABLE TO

18:05 - HIM. LEE IS GOING TO USE THE

18:07 - SHENANDOAH VALLEY IS MAIN ROUTE

18:09 - OF THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY POINT

18:11 - SOMEWHAT DIAGONALLY OUT HERE

18:13 - IS BROOKE, BECOMES NORTH OF THE

18:15 - POTOMAC RIVER BECOMES A COUPLE

18:16 - OF VALLEY. SO THAT'S A NATURAL

18:20 - ROUTE OF INVASION. IT CAN BLOCK

18:21 - THE MOUNTAIN PASSES TO BE SOME

18:22 - KIND OF KEEP THE MOUNTAINS

18:24 - BETWEEN HIM AND THE UNION ARMY.

18:27 - ONCE HE GETS INTO IN THE

18:30 - CUMBERLAND VALLEY NOW HAS TO

18:32 - MAJOR OPTIONS TO GET TO

18:33 - HARRISBURG. ONE IS TO FOLLOW

18:35 - TODAY'S U.S. ROUTE. 30.

18:37 - THROUGH GETTYSBURG THROUGH YORK

18:39 - AND ONTO THE RIVER HERE TO TAKE

18:41 - THE BRIDGE OF COLUMBIA OR

18:44 - PERHAPS TO BURN THAT BRIDGE

18:45 - OF THESE WORRIED ABOUT UNION

18:47 - TROOPS FROM PHILADELPHIA COMING

18:48 - INTO THIS REGION TO REINFORCE

18:50 - THE UNION ARMY. THE POTOMAC.

18:52 - HE'S A OTHER MAJOR ROUTES.

18:53 - THE FALL OF THE CUMBERLAND

18:54 - VALLEY ROAD AND WHAT THEY WERE

18:56 - OUT, A LOT OF NORTHEASTERLY

18:59 - THROUGH THROUGH CARLISLE AND

19:02 - FRONT. THE BRIDGES IN A

19:04 - HARRISBURG AT WHAT IS TODAY

19:06 - LEMOYNE THAN CALL BRIDGEPORT.

19:09 - >>SO THE STAGE FOR US A LITTLE

19:10 - BIT. ROBERT E LEE'S ARMY

19:12 - EARLIER THIS SUMMER IS DIVIDED

19:14 - INTO 2 PARTS. ONE UNDER

19:15 - STONEWALL JACKSON. THE OTHER

19:16 - JAMES LONGSTREET WHEN JACKSON

19:18 - DIES, THE ARMY SPLITTING THE

19:19 - 3 WHO IS CONTROLLING THOSE CORE

19:21 - AND WHERE THEY GO IN

19:22 - PENNSYLVANIA.

19:23 - >>LEE FEELS THAT REPLACING

19:25 - JACKSON ALL IS IT HARD TASK FOR

19:28 - ONE MAN FOR A LONG SOMETIMES

19:30 - ONE OF THE VIRUS SCORE UP INTO

19:31 - 3 PARTS ANYWAY, HIS ARM INTO

19:33 - 3 PARTS BECAUSE HE THOUGHT IT

19:35 - EASIER FOR MEN TO A WIN OVER

19:37 - SELF. YOU KNOW, SOME OF THE

19:38 - 3 SCIENCE MAJOR GENERAL SAYS

19:42 - NEW LIEUTENANT GENERALS AND

19:44 - BRINGS US ARMY INTO

19:45 - PENNSYLVANIA. 3 PARTS THE FIRST

19:47 - ALL THE 3 CORE SUCCUMBING TO

19:49 - PENNSYLVANIA'S COMMANDED BY

19:51 - A GENTLEMAN AND A RICHARD

19:54 - STARTER. YOU'LL THAT IS

19:57 - DIVISION OF HAS 3 DIVISION.

19:58 - SO THAT ONE COMMANDED BY I'M

20:01 - JOE BORELLI. THAT'S GOING

20:04 - COME INTO THE CHAMBERSBURG

20:05 - REGION. THEY'LL BE EAST OF

20:06 - CHAMBERSBURG AND GREENWOOD,

20:08 - PENNSYLVANIA. THEY WILL BE

20:10 - DIVISION A FEW. WELL, ROUGHLY

20:12 - 7200 MEN ARE. SO THE START OF

20:13 - THE CAMPAIGN THEIR JOB IS TO

20:16 - COME TOWARDS YOUR CAN TAKE

20:20 - LIEUTENANT GENERAL, YOU'LL AS

20:21 - 2 OTHER DIVISIONS. ONE OF THE

20:22 - ROBERT RHODES WONDER ED WOOD

20:24 - JOHNSON, THEIR MISSION WILL

20:26 - BE TO TAKE CARLISLE, TAKE

20:27 - CHAMBERSBURG AND DRIVE TO THE

20:28 - RIVER. HARRISBURG, THE 2 OTHER

20:31 - CORPS ONE IS COMMANDED BY A

20:33 - FELONY OF AMBER'S KYLE HILL.

20:35 - OH, HELL WILL FOLLOW THE SKIES

20:36 - INTO PENNSYLVANIA. BUT HE'LL BE

20:38 - THE LAST OF THE 3 COURSE THE

20:40 - RIDE BECAUSE HIS PRIMARY

20:41 - MISSION IS TO SCREEN THE UNION

20:42 - ARMY IN FREDRICKSBURG KEEP THEM

20:44 - INTACT. PENNED INTO

20:46 - FREDRICKSBURG AS LONG AS THEY

20:47 - CAN AND BUY TIME FOR OP YOU'LL

20:51 - SCORE AND FIRST ARMY CORPS

20:53 - UNDER LIEUTENANT GENERAL JAMES

20:55 - LONGSTREET. WE WILL THEM INTO

20:57 - PENNSYLVANIA. SO AS THE EVENTS

20:59 - OF THE WEEKEND OF JUNE, 25TH,

21:01 - 26 27. 28. COME INTO PLAY.

21:06 - YOU'LL WILL BE IN CHAMBERSBURG

21:08 - READY TO MARCH ON TO CARLISLE

21:10 - AND HARRISBURG. LONGSTREET WILL

21:12 - BE HEADING INTO MARYLAND WILL

21:14 - BE BEHIND THEM READY TO COME IN

21:16 - TO CHAMBERSBURG BEHIND THEM

21:18 - AND HE'LL SCORE WILL BE LAW ON

21:20 - THE ROAD NORTH AS WELL. HEADING

21:22 - TOWARDS MARYLAND.

21:24 - >>THERE'S A LOT OF FEAR IN

21:24 - PENNSYLVANIA AT THIS TIME.

21:26 - CERTAIN ROBERT E LEE IS VERY

21:27 - CLEAR. DO NOT DAMAGE PUBLIC

21:30 - PROPERTY, CORRECT? WHY? I THINK

21:32 - THERE ARE SEVERAL REASONS.

21:32 - ONE, OF COURSE, LEE HAVE VERY

21:35 - STRONG PERSONAL BELIEFS

21:37 - CIVILIANS WERE NOT COLLATERAL

21:39 - AS OTHER PEOPLE MAY HAVE

21:40 - BELIEVED THAT LATER IN THE WAR

21:42 - IS DEALING WITH CIVILIAN

21:43 - PROPERTY NEED TO BE PROTECTED.

21:45 - SECONDLY, HE CERTAINLY DID NOT

21:47 - NEED THE POPULACE TO

21:47 - PENNSYLVANIA RISING UP AGAINST

21:49 - THIS ARMY.

21:50 - >>AS YOU RECALL, BRADY, WE

21:51 - CHATTED ABOUT THE FACT THAT

21:52 - MANY PENNSYLVANIANS, AT LEAST

21:54 - IN THE CONFEDERATE MONTH PSYCHE

21:56 - AND MINDSET, WE'RE GOING TO

21:57 - BE SYMPATHETIC. SO HE CERTAINLY

21:59 - DID NOT WANT TO ANTAGONIZE THEM

22:01 - 3RD, THAT THE GOAL WASN'T TO

22:03 - TERRORIZE THE CIVILIAN THAT DID

22:06 - HAPPEN. OF COURSE, THE GOAL, OF

22:07 - COURSE, WAS TO DRAW THE UNION

22:09 - ARMY OUT OF VIRGINIA, PERHAPS

22:11 - FORCES AWAY FROM VICKSBURG

22:13 - WHERE US GRAHAM WAS CHALLENGE

22:14 - HIM AND TRY TO GET THE UNION

22:16 - ARMY IN OPEN GROUND TO FIGHT

22:17 - THEM HERE. SO HE CERTAINLY DID

22:20 - NOT WANT TO LEAVE PENNSYLVANIA

22:22 - SMOKING WASTELAND. IF YOU'RE

22:23 - WELL AND THE VERY FRONT, YOU

22:25 - KNOW, THIS ATTACK WORKING

22:27 - FARMS. WHERE DOES ADVANTAGE

22:28 - THAT YOU CAN TAKE THE SUPPLIES

22:30 - OUT OF MANY OF THOSE FARMS AS

22:31 - OPPOSED TO DESTROYING THEM ARE

22:32 - BURNING NOW.

22:34 - >>IS PLAYING THAT TYPE OF

22:35 - POLITICS. SOMETHING LEE DOES

22:36 - THROUGHOUT THE WAR.

22:38 - >>AT LEAST FOR MOST THROUGHOUT

22:39 - MOST OF THE WAR LEAD US OUT

22:41 - CERTAINLY BY THE SUMMER OF 18.

22:42 - 64, THE POLITICS ARE STARTING

22:44 - TO CHANGE AND ARE STARTING TO

22:46 - GO TO MORE OF A TOTAL WAR

22:47 - ADDITIVE, WHICH I DON'T THINK

22:48 - HE EVER REALLY TOTALLY FELT

22:49 - COMFORTABLE WITH. SO THE

22:51 - SUBORDINATE SUCH JOB OR LIKED

22:55 - IN THE SUMMER. 64 WATCHING BIRD

22:57 - A PENNSYLVANIA TOWN

22:58 - CHAMBERSBURG MOST OF THE TOWN

23:00 - WATCHING IT BURN TO THE GROUND

23:02 - RETALIATING FOR UNION

23:04 - DESTRUCTION OF THE SHENANDOAH

23:05 - VALLEY WHERE WAREHOUSES PRIVATE

23:08 - FARMS AND GRANER EASE AND GRIST

23:11 - MILLS, THINGS LIKE THAT WERE

23:12 - BEING DESTROYED. SO THE WAR

23:13 - CHANGED A LOT FROM LEE'S

23:14 - ORDERS. AND 63 TO WHAT HAPPENS

23:17 - IN THE NEXT 2 YEARS. NOW, LEE

23:18 - IS CLEARLY EXPRESSING A

23:20 - COURTESY TO THE PEOPLE OF

23:21 - PENNSYLVANIA, NOT DESTROYING

23:22 - PROPERTY THAT THE UNION EVER

23:23 - RETURNED. THAT COURTESY WELL,

23:25 - EARLY IN THE WAR, OF COURSE,

23:26 - THE UNION ARMY.

23:27 - >>DID TRY TO PROTECT SOME OF

23:28 - THE CIVILIANS. BUT THERE'S A

23:30 - LOT OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE

23:31 - TOWN OF FREDERICK'S BURKE

23:33 - DURING DECEMBER OF 18 62

23:36 - CAMPAIGN THAT LEFT A BAD TASTE.

23:38 - OBVIOUSLY A LOT OF HANDS AND OF

23:41 - COURSE, BY THE SUMMER OF 18,

23:43 - SHERMAN'S

23:45 - WITH MARCH THROUGH GEORGIA.

23:46 - AND IN THAT CASE, IT WAS ALMOST

23:48 - TOTAL WAR THERE WAS A PATHWAY

23:51 - OF DESTRUCTION AND DESOLATION,

23:52 - THE MANATEE AND SOLDIERS RELIEF

23:54 - THROUGHOUT SOUTHERN GEORGIA

23:56 - ALL THE WAY TO THE COASTLINE.

23:57 - AND

23:59 - THE SAYS 18 65 A UNION ARMY

24:01 - WOULD THE ACCUSED OF SETTING

24:03 - FIRES THAT WOULD BURN MOST OF

24:05 - COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA TO

24:06 - THE GROUND. SO THE COMMON

24:08 - PERCEPTION OF THE SOUTH WAS

24:09 - THE NORTHERN ARMY WAS BRUTES.

24:12 - THAT THEIR SOLDIERS WERE.

24:13 - FOREIGN OPERATORS ARE FAR MORE.

24:14 - SEVERAL U.S. OBVIOUSLY IN THE

24:16 - NORTH, A PARTICULAR IN SOUTHERN

24:18 - PENNSYLVANIA

24:20 - THE TERM CHIVALRY WASN'T

24:22 - NECESSARILY ASSOCIATED WITH

24:23 - THE CONFEDERATES.

24:24 - >>WHAT DID THE AVERAGE SOUTHERN

24:25 - SOLDIER THINK ABOUT

24:26 - PENNSYLVANIA WHEN THEY FIRST

24:27 - CAME WITH HOW THEY THOUGHT OF

24:29 - >>YEAH, I THINK OF THE AVERAGE

24:30 - SOLDIER WAS ACTUALLY QUITE

24:31 - SURPRISED TO HUNDREDS OF DIARY,

24:34 - ENTRIES AND JOURNALS LETTERS,

24:36 - THE POST-WAR AROUND. IN

24:37 - ESSENCE, IT'S REALLY FOR THINGS

24:39 - LIKE THINK 4 THEMES OF WILL

24:41 - THAT COME OUT OF THE BRADY ONE

24:43 - IS THAT THE CONFEDERATE WAS

24:45 - AMAZED TO THE OFT WASHINGTON

24:48 - FOR ALSO THE THERE'S A LOT OF

24:50 - COMPARISONS, A PENNSYLVANIA TO

24:52 - THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY. I'M JUST

24:54 - SAYING HOW A CULTURAL LIFE

24:57 - SECONDLY, THE SIZE OF THE

24:58 - BARNS, US POUND OF THE

25:00 - CONFEDERATE SOME MAKE IT.

25:02 - THAT'S A FACT WOULD WRITE ONE

25:04 - CLASSIC PASSAGE. ONE RUBBLE OUT

25:07 - TEAM THAT THE FACT THAT THE

25:08 - PENNSYLVANIA DOT YOU MUST LOVE

25:10 - THEIR BARNS MORE THAN THEIR

25:11 - FAMILIES.

25:12 - >>BECAUSE THEIR STORAGE

25:13 - FACILITIES WERE FREE TO 4 TIMES

25:15 - LARGER THAN THE LIVING

25:16 - QUARTERS. A 3RD THING THAT THE

25:18 - SNOUT OF THEM WHERE THE WOMEN

25:20 - THIS UNLIKE THE SOUTH, WHERE

25:22 - MANY OF THE WOMEN WERE

25:23 - SO-CALLED GENTEEL. WE'LL HEAR A

25:25 - LOT OF THE WOMEN OF

25:26 - PENNSYLVANIA WORKING ONE.

25:28 - THEY WERE JUST A HARD AND THERE

25:30 - ARE A NUMBER OF ACCOUNTS OF

25:32 - THE PENNSYLVANIA'S BIG SURPRISE

25:33 - OF THE COARSENESS OF THE

25:34 - LANGUAGE OF MANY OF THE

25:36 - MOUNTAIN WOMEN, IN PART OF A

25:40 - ADAMS COUNTY FRANKLIN COUNTY

25:43 - AND ALL, OF THEY ALSO REPORTED

25:45 - A LOT OF THESE WOMEN HAD A

25:47 - HANDS THAT OBVIOUSLY WE'RE USED

25:48 - TO HARD LABOR AND THE 4TH THING

25:50 - IN THIS AREA THAT IN A SECANT

25:52 - FETTERS AND THE CANDIDATES,

25:53 - HOW MANY ABLE-BODIED MEN AND

25:55 - BOYS THEIR WORK WERE NOT THE

25:57 - ARMY ON EVERYWHERE THEY TURN,

25:58 - WHETHER THEY'RE ON THE STREET

25:59 - CORNERS, WEATHER WOULD BE IN

26:02 - A FARM THEY WERE AGAIN

26:04 - ASTOUNDED BY THE NUMBER OF

26:06 - MALES THAT WERE NOT IN UNIFORM,

26:08 - IN SOME CASES THE CONFEDERATES,

26:10 - RIGHT, RIGHTFULLY DESCRIBED

26:12 - IN THEIR DIARY ENTRIES THAT

26:13 - THIS WAS A RESERVE MANPOWER

26:15 - FORCE THAT WAS TO BE RECKONED

26:17 - WITH IN THE FUTURE. CAST THE

26:18 - DRAFTS OF 18. 63 64. WHAT

26:21 - HAPPENED TO THAT MAN? POWER

26:22 - PROVE THE CONFEDERATES TO BE

26:23 - RIGHT.

26:24 - >>ONE OF THE REALITIES OF AN

26:25 - INVASION LIKE THIS IS

26:26 - OCCUPATION OF TOWNS AND CITIES

26:28 - START GIVEN LEE'S ORDERS.

26:30 - WHAT DID THE AVERAGE

26:32 - CONFEDERATE OCCUPATION IN

26:33 - PENNSYLVANIA LOOK LIKE? SURE

26:35 - >>IN MANY THE CONFEDERATES CAME

26:37 - INTO THE REGION PERCENT ON

26:38 - YOUTUBE OR LEASE EXAMPLE AS

26:40 - THEY MARCHED INTO GETTYSBURG.

26:42 - AGAIN, INSTRUCTIONS WERE NOT

26:44 - TO HARM THE CITIZENS. HE OFTEN

26:46 - KEPT U.S. TROOPS CAMPED OUTSIDE

26:48 - OF THE TOWNS LEAVING A PROVOST

26:50 - GUARD IN THE TOWN TO RESTORE

26:51 - ORDER AND FRANKLY, TO PROTECT

26:53 - THE CITIZENRY HERE IN NEW EARLY

26:56 - POSTING GUARDS AROUND SOME OF

26:57 - THE KEY PRIVATE BUSINESSES TO

26:59 - BREAK. SO SOLDIERS WHO WERE ONE

27:02 - OF THE LOOT OR EVEN A AS BENIGN

27:04 - AS SITE C OR PERHAPS A YOU

27:07 - KNOW, STEAL THINGS FROM GRIST

27:09 - MILLS OR FROM FLOUR. ALL

27:11 - BAKERIES, THINGS LIKE THAT.

27:13 - WE ACTUALLY WOULD POST A AT

27:15 - THOSE FACILITIES. SO KEEPING

27:17 - THE TROOPS OUT OF THE TOWNS

27:18 - AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE OTHER THAN

27:20 - LEAVING THE WAS VERY PROMINENT.

27:23 - ONE THING, THOUGH, KEEP IN MIND

27:24 - RADIUS. THEY WERE LOOKING FOR

27:25 - SUPPLIES. SO IT'S VERY COMMON

27:27 - FOR THE CONFEDERATE OFFICERS

27:29 - TO LAY TRIBUTE. SO THE TOWNS

27:30 - THEY OCCUPIED.

27:32 - I GETTYSBURG, FOR EXAMPLE, IN

27:34 - JUNE 25TH WHEN EARLY OCCUPIED

27:36 - THAT OUT, HE ASKED $6,000 WITH

27:39 - THE SUPPLIES WHICH INCLUDED

27:41 - SHOO-IN FOODS AND FOOD BE

27:44 - THINGS LIKE THAT. WE DIDN'T

27:45 - GET THAT. HE ASKED THE SMALL

27:47 - TOWN THAT'S ABOUT 2400 PEOPLE

27:48 - AND HAVE A LOT OF MONEY FOR

27:50 - $5,000 IN CASH WHEN HE CAME

27:52 - HERE TO PHAM, MUCH LARGER TOWN,

27:55 - ABOUT 8600 AGAIN, THE LARGEST

27:57 - TOWN BETWEEN HARRISBURG AND

27:59 - BALTIMORE, GAS FOR $100,000

28:01 - IN CASH HERE IN NEW YORK.

28:03 - AND THERE ARE SIMILAR STORIES

28:04 - OF OTHER TOWNS BEING ASKED FOR

28:06 - MAJOR AMOUNTS OF SUPPLIES AS

28:07 - WELL AS MONEY.

28:09 - >>NOW LET'S FOCUS IN A LITTLE

28:10 - MORE ON THE EVENTS THAT

28:11 - HAPPENED HERE.

28:12 - THE BRIGADIER GENERAL FROM THE

28:14 - CONFEDERACY THAT WILL TAKE

28:15 - CENTER STAGE IS JON DEE GORDON

28:16 - TELLS ABOUT HIM NOW. JOHN

28:18 - GORDON WAS BORN IN UPSHUR

28:19 - COUNTY, GEORGIA. HIS FATHER WAS

28:22 - A MINISTER, ALMOST A DOZEN

28:24 - CHILDREN ABOUT. GORDON WAS THE

28:25 - 4TH OF THOSE CHILDREN.

28:27 - >>HE AND HIS BEFORE CIVIL WAR

28:29 - AND A SERIES A PROFITABLE

28:30 - COAL MINES AND TENNESSEE,

28:32 - ALABAMA AND GEORGIA NEAR THE

28:34 - CONFLUENCE OF THOSE 3 STATES.

28:36 - GORDON HAVE WENT TO COLLEGE

28:38 - FOR A WHILE FOR UNIVERSITY OF

28:39 - GEORGIA DROPPED OUT IT STUDY

28:41 - LAW HAS SET SOME TIME AS A

28:43 - JOURNALIST HAD NO MILITARY

28:46 - BACKGROUND WHATSOEVER.

28:47 - I'M GORDON VOLUNTEERED HIS SOME

28:51 - OF HIS FRIENDS AND HIS WORKERS

28:53 - EARLY IN THE WAR. A LOT OF

28:54 - THESE GUYS WERE CAN SCAN CAPS

28:56 - AND BUCKSKIN CLOSE. THEY ENDED

28:58 - UP IN A LAYOUT MILLEDGEVILLE,

28:59 - GEORGIA IN THE CAPITAL OF THE

29:01 - STATE VOLUNTEER FOR THE ARMY

29:03 - AND THE GOVERNOR TOOK ONE LOOK

29:04 - AT A CITY ENOUGH TROOPS.

29:05 - SO GORDON ON HIS OWN OFF

29:09 - TELEGRAPHING THE GOVERNORS OF

29:11 - OTHER KEY STATES. AND THAT'S

29:13 - THE GOVERNOR OF ALABAMA TO

29:15 - ACCEPT THIS MAN. SO HE BOUGHT

29:16 - TICKETS FOR 100 GUYS. WENT TO

29:19 - ALABAMA AND WAS COMMISSIONED AS

29:21 - A IN THE ACT. 6, ALABAMA AND

29:24 - THE TREE WAS SELECTED AS THE

29:26 - MAJOR WIN. THAT REGIMEN WAS

29:27 - FORMED BECAME IT'S COLONEL THEN

29:29 - 5 AND THE U.S. KNOCKING WROTE

29:31 - THE BATTLES SHARPSBURG WHERE

29:33 - HE WAS SHOT TO NUMEROUS TIMES.

29:35 - IN BY HIS OWN ACCOUNT, HE WAS

29:37 - LYING, BLEEDING, DYING,

29:39 - DROWNING IN HIS OWN BLOOD WITH

29:41 - HIS FACE FACE DOWN IN NEWS,

29:43 - CAPI AFTER HE IS A CHIEF WAS

29:45 - SHOT BY UNION PAULETTE AND

29:47 - SUPPOSE THERE WAS A HOLE IN THE

29:49 - IN THE CAPI OR CAP AS HE TALKS

29:51 - ABOUT BLOOD DRAINED OUT.

29:52 - HE LEFT. I SPENT THE ENTIRE

29:54 - WINTER RECUPERATING WAS

29:56 - PROMOTED TO BRIGADIER GENERAL

29:58 - AND THEN LALEH GEORGIA TROOPS

30:00 - IN THE FIRST TIME IN THE

30:00 - CHANCES HE'LL CAMPAIGN AS A

30:02 - GENERAL MARCHED OR THE

30:04 - PENNSYLVANIA AS THE HEAD OF ONE

30:06 - OF THE BATTLE EXPERIENCED

30:09 - BRIGADES AND JOB ORLEANS

30:10 - DIVISION.

30:11 - >>WITH THE CONFEDERATES BEARING

30:12 - DOWN, BOTH SIDES KNOW THAT THIS

30:14 - BRIDGE, THE COLUMBIA BRIDGE IS

30:16 - VITAL TO DEFENDING AND

30:17 - CAPTURING HARRISBURG TO REWRITE

30:19 - WHY THAT WAS SO IMPORTANT.

30:21 - YEAH, I THINK IT'S IMPORTANT TO

30:22 - POINT TO REALIZE THAT AGAIN

30:24 - FROM HARRISBURG, SOUTH, THE

30:25 - CONOWINGO MARYLAND. WELL, ONE

30:27 - WAY TO CROSS THE SOUTH OF

30:29 - HARRISBURG. THAT'S THIS BRIDGE.

30:30 - THERE WERE A COUPLE FORD'S, BUT

30:32 - THEY WERE UNDER WATER BECAUSE

30:33 - BEEN RAINING VERY HEAVILY THIS

30:34 - SPRING.

30:35 - >>THERE ARE A NUMBER OF FERRY

30:36 - SERVICES SO EXISTED AS WELL.

30:38 - AND ALL THE FERRY BOATS, OF

30:39 - COURSE, ARE GOING TO BE NO

30:40 - VALUE TO THE CONFEDERATE ARMY

30:41 - BECAUSE THEY'RE ALL GOING TO BE

30:42 - TAKEN TO THESE WE'RE BACK.

30:45 - SO TO DEFEND HARRISBURG, IT'S

30:47 - REALLY FAIRLY SIMPLE. YOU CAN

30:49 - PROTECT THE LEMOYNE IN

30:51 - HARRISBURG. TODAY'S LEMOYNE

30:53 - THEN BRIDGEPORT AND THE BRIDGE

30:55 - HERE THAT COLOMBIA, YOU CAN

30:57 - KEEP THE CONFEDERATES OFF THE

30:59 - AND SO HE ASKED FOR IT CAN BE

31:01 - PROTECTED RELATIVELY SIMPLY BY

31:03 - SIMPLY PUTTING TROOPS IN THOSE

31:04 - 2 LOCATIONS IN NASSAU, NEW,

31:06 - THEY'RE OFFERING THOSE BRIDGES

31:08 - WERE DESTROYING THE THE ABILITY

31:10 - THE CONFEDERATES TO GET ACROSS

31:11 - THE BRIDGES. NOW, CONVERSELY,

31:13 - IF YOU'RE ROBERT E LEE AND

31:15 - AGAIN, YOU FOLD LIEUTENANT

31:16 - GENERAL YEAR-OLD TO TAKE

31:17 - HARRISBURG. YOU KNOW, IF IT

31:19 - COMES WITHIN YOUR END QUOTE.

31:22 - THEN YOU REALIZE YOU'VE GOT TO

31:23 - TAKE THOSE BRIDGES OR IF YOU'RE

31:25 - IF YOU DECIDE YOU CAN'T REALLY

31:27 - GET TO HARRISBURG, THEN YOU

31:28 - NEED TO DESTROY THE BRIDGE

31:30 - HERE, WRIGHTSVILLE IN COLOMBIA

31:32 - BECAUSE A LOT OF UNION STATION

31:34 - AND UP PHILADELPHIA, THE CAN

31:36 - QUITE EASILY MOVE INTO THIS

31:38 - REGION VIA RAIL AND BE HERE

31:40 - WITHIN A MATTER OF TO PREVENT

31:43 - ANOTHER FRONT, WHICH LEE IS

31:45 - GOING TO FIGHT. THE BRIDGE

31:48 - BECOMES REALLY IMPORTANT.

31:49 - ELISA REGIONAL WARDERS 2, YOU

31:51 - WILL. WE'RE IN TURN OFF SINCE

31:54 - THEN TO GENERAL YARD EARLY, A

31:56 - STUBBORN THIS BRIDGE BECAUSE

31:58 - THERE'S THAT THE TIME THE

31:59 - IMPRESSION IS THAT THE BATTLE

32:01 - IS GOING TO BE 5 SOMEWHERE IN

32:02 - NORTHWESTERN YOUR COUNTY OR

32:04 - SOMEWHERE IN CUMBERLAND COUNTY,

32:05 - PERHAPS ON A LINE BETWEEN YORK

32:07 - IN CARLISLE, AND HAVING THIS

32:09 - BRIDGE OUT OF THE WAY YOU CAN

32:11 - PREVENT UNION TROOPS FROM

32:13 - COMING ONTO LEAST LEFT LIKE IF

32:14 - YOU ASSUME A DEFENSIVE POSTURE

32:16 - WITH GENERAL LONG STREET, OF

32:17 - COURSE, IS GOING TO ENCOURAGE.

32:18 - AND THE BILL HERE IN

32:20 - PENNSYLVANIA. WELL, THE AS I

32:22 - MENTIONED GENERAL EARLY

32:24 - BELIEVES THE MOVE, A MALICIOUS

32:26 - QUOTE, UNQUOTE, SO UTTERLY AN

32:27 - EFFICIENT HE DECIDES THAT I'M

32:29 - GOING TO CAPTURE THIS BRIDGE.

32:31 - I'M GOING TO TAKE A BIRD ON

32:32 - MY OWN. I'M GOING TO TAKE MY

32:33 - TROOPS INTO LANCASTER COUNTY.

32:35 - I'M GOING TO MOUNT THEM ON ALL

32:36 - THE CAPTURED HORSES. WE CAN

32:38 - FIND IN THIS REGION. IN FACT,

32:39 - MORE THAN 1000 HORSES HAVE BEEN

32:40 - TAKEN ACROSS THIS TALL BRIDGE

32:43 - AND A LANCASTER COUNTY. ALL

32:45 - NICE WINDFALL FOR THE BANK THAT

32:46 - OWNS THE BRANCH, BUT A WINDFALL

32:48 - POTENTIALLY FOR EARLY. YOU CAN

32:50 - GET ALL THOSE HORSES NOW,

32:52 - LOUISIANA TIGERS OR GORDON'S

32:53 - BRIGADE AND THEN GO TAKE CARE

32:55 - IS BURNED ON HIS OWN. AND IN

32:57 - FACT, YOU KNOW, THEY EVER

32:58 - AGGRESSIVE EARLY BELIEVES HE

33:00 - PERSONALLY YOU KNOW, IN THE

33:02 - WAR, IF YOU WILL, WHY SUCH AN

33:04 - OVER? SO IS ACTUAL ORDERS ARE

33:06 - TO BURN THIS BRIDGE. HE'LL

33:08 - DECIDE ON HIS OWN ON THE 25TH

33:10 - AND 26TH THAT IT'S BETTER TO

33:12 - TAKE THE BRIDGE.

33:14 - >>SO THIS IS THE WORLD'S

33:15 - LONGEST COVERED BRIDGE ACT AS

33:17 - IMPORTANT AS IT IS. BOTH SIDES

33:18 - ARE FULLY WILLING TO BURN ABOUT

33:20 - CORRECT?

33:21 - >>YEAH, THAT'S THE

33:23 - EVENTUALLY U.S. EVENTS ARE

33:24 - GOING TO HAPPEN. THE OUTPOST OF

33:26 - BOTH SIDES ALSO REALIZES THE

33:28 - IMPORTANCE OF THAT GOVERNOR

33:29 - GAWKER DONE. AND THERE'S AN OLD

33:31 - RICE COUCH IN DOWNTOWN

33:33 - HARRISBURG HAVE ACTUALLY OR THE

33:35 - CONOWINGO DOWN IN MARYLAND AS

33:37 - WELL AS THE COLUMBIA BRIDGE

33:39 - HERE ON THE BANKS OF THE

33:40 - SUSQUEHANNA AND THE RAILROAD

33:43 - BRIDGE. AND THEY COVERED

33:44 - PASSENGER BRIDGE

33:45 - IN HARRISBURG TO BE LOADED WITH

33:47 - FUEL OIL AND OR MAKE OTHER

33:48 - PREPARATIONS TO BURN IT.

33:50 - SO IT'S A CONFEDERATE STARTED

33:51 - COMING TO PENNSYLVANIA ACTUALLY

33:53 - HERE AND WRIGHTSVILLE IN

33:54 - COLOMBIA. THEY WILL BORE HOLES

33:57 - IN THE SUPER STRUCTURE OF THIS

33:58 - BRIDGE. THE LOADED WITH

34:00 - GUNPOWDER. THEY'LL BE PREPARED

34:01 - TO TRY TO BLOW THE

34:02 - SUPERSTRUCTURE APART, HOPEFULLY

34:04 - TO DAMAGE THE BRIDGE. TO THE

34:05 - POINT THAT THE CONFEDERATES

34:07 - CANNOT CROSS INTO LANCASTER

34:08 - COUNTY AND HOPEFULLY THEN THE

34:11 - CIVILIANS CAN REBUILD THE

34:12 - BRIDGE RATHER QUICKLY AND

34:14 - RESERVE BECAUSE THIS BRIDGE IS

34:15 - VERY IMPORTANT TO THE ECONOMY

34:16 - OF THIS REGION. THE

34:18 - PENNSYLVANIA TURNPIKE GOES

34:19 - ACROSS THE MAIN ROAD BETWEEN

34:20 - PHILADELPHIA AND PITTSBURGH.

34:22 - THE RAILROAD TO GO ACROSS IT

34:23 - AND IT CONNECTS THE CANALS

34:26 - BECAUSE THEIR CANALS ON THE

34:27 - WESTERN BANK AND THEN COLUMBIA

34:29 - AND ON EASTER BANK HERE IN

34:30 - WRIGHTSVILLE AND AGAIN, THIS

34:32 - BRIDGE IS THE KEY CAN ACT

34:33 - CONNECTION BETWEEN THEMSELVES.

34:35 - IT'S VERY IMPORTANT TO THE

34:36 - CITIZENS OF THIS BRIDGE NOT GET

34:37 - BURNED OUT, BUT IT'S VERY

34:39 - IMPORTANT TO THE GOVERNOR THAT

34:40 - IF HE HAS TO, HE'S GOT A KNOCK

34:42 - IT DOWN. BUT HIS FIRST GOAL

34:44 - WE'VE GOT GOVERNOR OP HER.

34:46 - DUNN'S GOAL IS TO PROTECT

34:48 - PRIVATE PROPERTY, OF COURSE, ON

34:49 - HIS OWN. AND SO THEY WILL PUT

34:51 - TROOPS HERE IN WRIGHTSVILLE TO

34:53 - TRY TO PROTECT THE BRIDGE A

34:56 - BURNING US ABOUT THE PLAN.

34:57 - ONLY IF NOT, SIR.

34:59 - >>NOW VITAL TO THE EVENTS THAT

35:00 - HAPPENED HERE IS THE OCCUPATION

35:01 - OF YORK. THAT'S AN AMAZING

35:03 - STORY. YOU TAKE US THROUGH HOW

35:04 - YORK IS CAPTURED BY BETTER.

35:06 - IT'S

35:08 - GETTYSBURG FELL ON THE

35:09 - AFTERNOON OF JUNE 26 FRIDAY,

35:12 - JUNE. 26 AND SATURDAY. THE 27TH

35:14 - THE CONFEDERATE ARMY STARTS

35:15 - MARCHING TOWARDS YOUR COUNTY

35:17 - TO GET THE SPREAD

35:20 - >>THE CITIZENS OF YORK REALLY

35:21 - DON'T KNOW WHAT TO DO ALL THAT.

35:22 - YOU HAVE AN ARMY CAMP THERE,

35:24 - BUT THEY'RE IN THE CAMP DOES

35:25 - NOT A LOT OF SOLDIERS, SENATE

35:26 - U.S. ARMY HOSPITAL HAS ONLY ON

35:28 - LESS THAN 100 GUARDS. THEY GOT

35:30 - IT. NO MORE THAN 1000 PATIENTS

35:32 - IN THE HOSPITAL, BUT THEIR MOST

35:33 - OF THEM ARE AGAINST PATIENTS.

35:36 - SO NOT MUCH OF A MILITARY FORCE

35:37 - EITHER. SO IS DEBATING WHAT TO

35:40 - DO IN A YOUNG YORK, A QUAKER

35:42 - BUSINESSMAN, HER NAME OF ARTHUR

35:44 - BREAKS FOKKER.

35:46 - JUMPS IN HIS CARRIAGE RIDES

35:47 - WEST TRIES TO FIND A

35:48 - CONFEDERATE OFFICER TO TRY TO

35:50 - PROTECT YOU ARE AS ORIGINAL.

35:53 - JOHN GORDON IS LEADING.

35:55 - GENERAL OR LEASE A THROUGH THE

35:58 - TOWN OF ABBOTTSTOWN RIGHT ON

35:59 - THE YORK ADAMS COUNTY BORDER

36:01 - ON US ROUTE 30 WEST OF HERE,

36:03 - FARC OR WILL RUN INTO THE

36:04 - GENERAL. GORDON AND HILL, YOU

36:06 - KNOW, OBSESSIVELY TRY TO

36:08 - PROTECT THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN

36:09 - OF YORK BECAUSE A LOT OF RUMORS

36:11 - THAT VOTERS ARE GOING TO PICK A

36:12 - TOWN, A BURN IT DOWN OR

36:15 - INTERFERE WITH THE CIVILIAN

36:16 - LAW. ALL BUSINESSES AND

36:18 - CIVILIAN FAMILIES IN LIFE HERE

36:21 - IN PENNSYLVANIA. FARQUHAR GETS

36:23 - ASSURANCES FROM GENERAL GORDON

36:24 - THERE. NO, NO, WE'RE NOT HERE

36:26 - TO HARM. WOMEN AND CHILDREN

36:27 - WERE NOT GOING TO HARM YOUR

36:28 - FACTORIES. WE, YOU KNOW, TELL.

36:31 - BUT WE DON'T WANT TO AIR FARE

36:32 - AS WE GO TO NEW YORK. THE STORM

36:35 - LEE WORN BY GENERAL GORDON

36:37 - THAT, YOU KNOW, GO BACK TO YOUR

36:39 - CAN, YOU KNOW, TELL MORE

36:39 - COMING. WE'RE COMING IN PEACE.

36:41 - WELL, WE CERTAINLY DON'T WANT

36:42 - ANY RESISTANCE SO FAR FOR MAKES

36:44 - A MAD DASH. PROBABLY A RECORD

36:46 - SPEED BACK DOWN TO THE TOWN OF

36:48 - YOU ARE TELL CITY COUNCIL ABOUT

36:50 - THIS AND THE MAYOR AND A COUPLE

36:52 - CITY A RETIRED U.S. ARMY

36:55 - COLONEL AND A COUPLE OTHER

36:56 - LEADING CITIZENS JUMP IN FOR

36:58 - WORKERS. PARENTS, YOU GO BACK

37:00 - OUT TO FIND GERALD GORDON.

37:01 - THEY OFFICIALLY NEGOTIATE WITH

37:03 - HIM FOR THE PEACEFUL OCCUPATION

37:06 - OF YOUR. I'M JOE BORELLI WILL

37:08 - LATER AFTER THE CIVILIANS

37:09 - LEAVE.

37:10 - RIGHT DOWN FROM HIS CAMP OWN

37:12 - BIG NOW, PENNSYLVANIA, NORTH

37:16 - THE VILLAGE WHERE OP PARKER'S

37:18 - NOW THAT A SECOND TIME WITH

37:19 - GENERAL GORDON, AN EARLY WILL

37:21 - APPROVE THE PLAN. SO THE NEXT

37:23 - MORNING SUNDAY, JUNE. 28, THE

37:24 - CADETS WILL MARCH IN NEW YORK.

37:26 - NOT SUNDAY MORNING. SO A LOT OF

37:28 - CIVILIANS ARE IN THEIR SUNDAY

37:29 - BEST THERE. THE FINERY, WE'RE

37:31 - READY TO GO TO CHURCH. CHURCH

37:32 - BELLS ARE RINGING AS

37:33 - CONFEDERATES COME IN AND THE

37:34 - CONTRAST BETWEEN YORK CIVILIANS

37:37 - IN THERE.

37:38 - YOU KNOW, SUNDAY, BEST CLOTHES

37:40 - AND HIS GRIMY DIRTY SMELLY

37:41 - CONFEDERATE SUB IN ON THE ROAD

37:43 - FOR 2 WEEKS. I'M NOT REALLY

37:45 - EVAN BAYH AND WEARING THE SAME

37:46 - UNIFORMS IT'S AN INCREDIBLE

37:48 - CONTRAST. THEIR JOURNEY FROM

37:50 - BEING ON THE ROAD CETERA.

37:52 - EARLY WALK, APPLY OR KILL.

37:53 - PUT TROOPS FROM NORTH CAROLINA

37:55 - IN THE U.S. ARMY HOSPITAL AND

37:57 - THEN U.S. ARMY BASE OF CAMP

38:00 - SCOTT. AT YORK FAIRGROUNDS.

38:03 - ALSO, THEY ALSO PLAN CANNONS,

38:05 - A NUMBER OF ARTILLERY PIECES ON

38:07 - THE HILLS NORTH AND SOUTH OF

38:08 - YOUR POINTED OUT, THE TOWN TO

38:10 - KIND OF REMIND THEM THAT HE'S

38:12 - IN CHARGE. HE'S IN CONTROL.

38:14 - HE WILL RANSOM THE TOWN FOR

38:15 - A HUGE NUMBER THE LAW IN DUP

38:20 - GETTING MORE THAN 2000 PAIRS

38:21 - OF SHOES FROM THE COMMUNITY.

38:23 - AND FROM THAT OUT, HE WILL ALSO

38:25 - ASKED FOR $100,000. AS I

38:27 - MENTIONED EARLIER AS HIS

38:28 - TRIBUTE FROM THAT OUT, WE'LL GO

38:30 - DOOR TO DOOR BRADY. THEY'LL

38:32 - COLLECT. 26 $20,610 IN CASH

38:36 - FROM THE CITIZENS OF YOUR P I

38:39 - WHICH WILL THE CONFEDERATE SO

38:40 - USED TO FURTHER THEIR WAR

38:42 - EFFORTS NOW, YEARS LATER,

38:44 - GENERALLY.

38:45 - SOMEWHAT FACETIOUS LABOR,

38:47 - PERHAPS WITH THE TONE OF

38:48 - BITTERNESS. TELL NUMBER OF

38:51 - NEWSPAPER REPORTERS THAT FACTOR

38:52 - IN THE WAR. I ASKED FOR

38:54 - $100,000 FROM YORK PA I NEVER

38:56 - GOT THE REST OF MY MONEY.

38:57 - I WANT TO NOW WITH TURNING YORK

39:00 - INTO A AND SAY GIVE US A LETTER

39:02 - TO YORK TO THAT EFFECT INSIDE A

39:04 - J EARLIEST FOR ATTORNEY ALONG

39:07 - LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA.

39:09 - >>NOW WITH YORK UNDER CONTROL

39:11 - IN WRIGHTSVILLE IN COLOMBIA,

39:13 - EVERYONE KNOWS THEY'RE COMING

39:14 - HERE NEXT. THEY BEGIN

39:15 - PREPARATIONS. WHAT DO THEY DO?

39:16 - YEAH, FOR SEVERAL DAYS THEY'VE

39:18 - BEEN TRYING TO GUARD THE

39:20 - >>THE NUMBER WORKERS FROM THE

39:22 - RAILROAD, A NUMBER OF FLOCK

39:24 - CIVILIANS FROM THIS REGION TO

39:26 - WORK IN THE ROLLING HILLS OF

39:27 - THE LUMBER YARDS FOR THE LINE

39:29 - KILLED THEY WERE HERE IN THIS

39:31 - AREA.

39:32 - HELPED TO BUILD THE RAILROAD

39:34 - DEFENSES BECAUSE LOOK AT THIS

39:35 - BRIDGE IS PRIVATE PROPERTY THAT

39:36 - USE MY PEN. SYLVANIA RAILROAD

39:38 - AS A KEY CONNECTOR BETWEEN

39:40 - PHILADELPHIA AND YORK. AND OF

39:41 - COURSE, THEY'RE SMART. SO

39:43 - THERE'S A LOT OF PREPARATIONS

39:45 - HAVE BEEN GOING ON FOR SOME

39:46 - TIME. THEY'VE ALSO BROUGHT IN

39:47 - A NUMBER OF HOME GUARD ON ON

39:50 - MUSTARD AND

39:52 - I USE THE TERM MILITARY UNITS

39:54 - BUT REALITY. THESE ARE CITIZENS

39:56 - THEIR OWN GUNS. WE'RE REALLY

39:59 - HERE TO TRY TO PROTECT THE

40:00 - RIVER CROSSING. WELL, THE

40:02 - GOVERNOR CURTAIN WILL FINALLY

40:03 - AFTER RAISING 7,000 TRY TO GET

40:06 - 50,000 RECALLING ITS 7,000.

40:08 - WE'LL SEND THE 26 PENNSYLVANIA

40:10 - VOLUNTEER MILITIA TO TRY TO

40:11 - GUARD GETTYSBURG OR LEAST BRUSH

40:13 - THEM ASIDE. CALL THEM AN EARLY

40:15 - AND EFFICIENT. HE SAID THE

40:16 - 20TH, PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS

40:18 - TO GUARD YORK WHEN THAT DIDN'T

40:19 - WORK OUT REAL WELL. AND A GUARD

40:21 - HANOVER JUNCTION AND HE SAYS

40:22 - THE 27TH PENNSYLVANIA

40:24 - VOLUNTEERS WHO ARE A LITTLE

40:25 - MORE SEASONED UNIT UNDER A

40:27 - LITTLE BETTER LEADERSHIP HERE

40:29 - TO PROTECT THE RIVERFRONT.

40:30 - SO AS THE TROOPS PULL OUT OF

40:32 - GETTYSBURG AND PULL OUT OF HAND

40:34 - OVER JUNCTION IN YORK, MANY OF

40:37 - WHAT'S LEFT OF THE OF THE

40:38 - SHATTERED 20 OF THE 26

40:40 - PENNSYLVANIA MILITIA. WE'LL

40:42 - COME HERE AND JOIN ME 900 OR

40:44 - SO MEN OF THE 27 PENNSYLVANIA

40:47 - MILITIA GUARDING THE

40:48 - RIVERFRONT. ALSO MANY OF THE

40:51 - PATIENTS OF THE U.S. ARMY

40:52 - HOSPITAL WHO COULD STILL FIGHT

40:54 - O WELL, FORMER THEIR OWN

40:56 - BATTALION AND MORE THAN 200

40:58 - JOBS. MEN WHO, AGAIN ARE SOME

41:01 - OF WHICH HAVE NO ARMS MAY LEG

41:04 - OR A FOOT. THEY HAVE SOME OTHER

41:06 - INJURY OFF AND ADJUST THEIR

41:08 - HEADS. ARE LOOKING THROUGH.

41:10 - THE PROBABLY DOESN'T STRIKE

41:11 - FEAR IN ANYONE'S MIND THAT THEY

41:12 - ARE VETERANS. THERE ARE ANY

41:14 - OF MIX. SO IT'S QUITE A MOTLEY

41:16 - FORCE MAJOR HOLLER AND COLONEL

41:19 - FRET, JACOB, J FRACKERS 27,

41:22 - PENNSYLVANIA OF ASSEMBLED HERE.

41:24 - THE FAN, WRIGHTSVILLE, HE'S GOT

41:25 - PROBABLY 1500 MEN. WE'RE SO

41:27 - HERE AT WRIGHTSVILLE AND GORDON

41:28 - IS GOING TO COME MARCHING OUT

41:30 - ON THE AFTERNOON OF SUNDAY.

41:31 - THE 28 WITH MORE THAN GEORGE

41:35 - AND FOR TREE. A COUPLE 100

41:36 - CONFEDERATE CALVARY FROM

41:37 - VIRGINIA AS WELL. FOR ARTILLERY

41:40 - PIECES. JOHN, BE GORDON MOVES

41:42 - OUT OF YORK. WE HAVE THESE

41:43 - FORCES

41:44 - AT WRIGHTSVILLE.

41:45 - >>JUNE, 28 18. 63 TAKE US

41:47 - THROUGH THE BATTLE BY A COURT

41:50 - >>RELATIVELY SLOWLY APPROACH

41:52 - THIS REGION. NOW HE WILL LATER

41:54 - CLAIM THAT HE'S GOT A MAP OF

41:55 - THE DEFENSE'S WRIGHTSVILLE IN

41:58 - HIS POCKET THAT WAS ALLEGEDLY

42:00 - GIVEN TO HIM THAT MORNING WHEN

42:01 - HE PASSED THROUGH YORK IN ABOUT

42:02 - 10 OR 11 O'CLOCK IN THE MORNING

42:05 - AND TAKE ABOUT AN HOUR OR SO

42:06 - FOR U.S. TROOPS TO THE THREW

42:07 - IT OUT AT SOME POINT DURING

42:09 - THAT BUT HE SAYS THE GIRL GAVE

42:11 - HIM A WELLCARE RED ROSES AND IN

42:14 - THAT TUB, OK, WAS THE COMPLETE

42:16 - PLANS FOR THE WRIGHTSVILLE

42:17 - DEFENSES, EVEN IF THE STORY

42:19 - IS TRUE, IT'S GOT THESE PLANS.

42:21 - HE TAKES TAKES A VERY LEISURELY

42:24 - MARCH OUT HERE LEAVES YORK.

42:26 - I MENTIONED PROBABLY BY 11

42:28 - O'CLOCK OR NOON AT THE LATEST.

42:30 - HE'S TAKE SOME ALMOST 5 HOURS

42:32 - TO MARCH TO 10 MILES TO GET

42:34 - HERE. AND IT'S PROBABLY CLOSER

42:35 - TO 5.30, OR SO. THING WHEN HE

42:38 - WILL ARRIVE HERE IN

42:39 - WRIGHTSVILLE, START DEPLOYING

42:41 - U.S. TROOPS.

42:43 - GORDON. TO PLAY ABOUT A COUPLE

42:46 - MILES OR SO WEST

42:47 - OF TOWN.

42:48 - >>AT A PLACE CALLED

42:48 - STRICKLAND'S RIDGE WILL DEPLOY

42:50 - A 6 REGIMENTS OF GEORGIA AND

42:51 - THE TREE SENT 3 OF THEM SOUTH

42:54 - OF TOWN BECAUSE THE TOWN IS

42:55 - DEFENDED BY A HORSESHOE SHAPED

42:57 - SET OF DEFENSE IS MANNED BY

42:58 - THESE 1500 MOTLEY MILITIA

43:01 - INJURED VETERANS OFF.

43:04 - KOMPANY A BLOCK CIVILIANS WHO

43:06 - HAVE STUCK AROUND THEIR HOME

43:07 - GUARD COMING FROM COLOMBIA AND

43:09 - FROM WRIGHTSVILLE WHO ARE

43:10 - ROLLING KNOW WORKERS. THESE

43:12 - GUYS STUCK AROUND. THEY'VE GOT

43:13 - GUNS NOW AT THIS POINT. SO

43:16 - GORDON WILL DEPLOY SON 2

43:17 - REGIMENTS NORTH OF TOWN, 3 TO

43:19 - THE SOUTH SIDE MANSION, WHETHER

43:21 - 31ST, GEORGIA, SLOWLY ADVANCED

43:23 - TOWARDS THE UNION LINE TO PEN

43:25 - THEM IN PLACE. WELL, HE'S

43:26 - TRYING WEATHER IN MILITARY

43:27 - TERMS IS CALLED A DOUBLE AN

43:29 - ENVELOPE. WE'RE VELMA TIED

43:31 - MOVEMENT TO TRY TO ANSWER ALL

43:34 - THE UNION MILITIA, CAPTURE THEM

43:35 - ALL. WELL, GET 1500 PAIRS OF

43:39 - SHOES THAT HIS MEN NEED AS WELL

43:41 - AS ALL THE EQUIPMENT OF THE

43:42 - STATE MILITIA BECAUSE AGAIN,

43:43 - NICE SHINY GUNS AND NEW

43:44 - BACKPACKS KNAPSACK THINGS ALONG

43:46 - THOSE LINES AS WELL AS ALL

43:47 - OTHER PITCHER MATT BUT THAT

43:49 - MOVE THAT'S GOING TO GET

43:50 - FLORIDA BECAUSE THE STATE

43:51 - MILITIA SURPRISINGLY WHAT'S UP

43:53 - A LITTLE BETTER FIGHT THEY

43:55 - EXPECT THAT THEY DON'T TURN

43:56 - A RUN LIKE THEY HAVE IN OTHER

43:59 - PARTICULAR GETTYSBURG. BACK ON

44:02 - JUNE. 26 HERE ON THE 28.

44:05 - THEY PUT UP A FAIRLY STUBBORN

44:06 - DEFENSE AND GORDON'S DELAYED

44:08 - LONG ENOUGH FOR THE STATE

44:10 - MILITIA TO START PULLING BACK

44:12 - ACROSS THE BRIDGE FIGURE

44:14 - INCIDENT TO TRY TO BLOW THE

44:15 - BRAND JOB AS THE CONFEDERATES

44:17 - APPROACHES. TURNS OUT, ALL THEY

44:19 - DO IS NOT THE WALLS AND THE

44:20 - ROOF OFF THE BRIDGE BECAUSE OF

44:21 - THE RAILROAD BRIDGE.

44:23 - THE SUPERSTRUCTURE OF THE

44:24 - DOCKING STILL INTACT AND SO OUR

44:27 - NEXT GOAL IS TO TRY TO BURN

44:28 - THE BRIDGE. THEY HASTILY WILL

44:30 - START ROLLING BARRELS OF FUEL

44:31 - OIL A MILE AND A QUARTER FROM

44:34 - COLUMBIA. SO THE WRIGHTSVILLE

44:36 - SIDE OF THE BRIDGE FELL DOWN.

44:37 - WHAT'S LEFT OF THE

44:38 - SUPERSTRUCTURE WITH THE COAL

44:40 - OIL AS THE MOLESTER RETREAT

44:43 - STILL SET THE BRIDGE ON FIRE.

44:44 - >>SO AMAZINGLY, IT'S THE UNION

44:46 - ARMY IN THEIR RETREAT THAT

44:47 - BURNS THIS BRIDGE. TALK ABOUT

44:50 - THE MECHANICS OF TAKE A BRIDGE

44:52 - LIKE THAT DOWN AND HOW FAST IT

44:53 - A CUPBOARD TO TAKE THE BRIDGE,

44:56 - OBVIOUSLY, TO TAKE A BRIDGE

44:57 - LIKE THAT DOWN. IT'S GOING TO

44:58 - TAKE QUITE A WHILE FOR IT TO

44:59 - BURN OUT. KEEP IN MIND THE

45:01 - RITUAL GOALS TO SUPPORT A

45:02 - LITTLE PIECE OF IT.

45:03 - >>AND AGAIN, HAVE CIVILIANS BE

45:04 - ABLE TO REBUILD IT. SO AS THE

45:07 - TROOPS ARE MOVING THROUGH, THE

45:08 - BRIDGE IS NOW ON FIRE.

45:10 - UNFORTUNATELY, THE WIND SHIFTS

45:12 - AND NOW YOU'VE GOT THE WIND

45:14 - PUSHING THE OFF.

45:16 - FIRE HEAVILY TOWARDS COLUMBIA

45:19 - AND IT'S GOING TO BE ABOUT 6

45:20 - HOURS, THE ENTIRE BRIDGE THAT

45:22 - THEY CONSUME ALL BUT 20 OR SO

45:24 - THE STATE MILITIA ARE GOING TO

45:25 - MAKE IT ACROSS THE BRIDGE.

45:28 - THERE WILL END UP BEING

45:29 - CAPTURED BY THE CONFEDERATE

45:30 - SOLDIERS AND UNFORTUNATELY OFF

45:32 - FOR THE ACT UNION CARS OFF THE

45:35 - BRIDGE FIRES WAY OUT OF

45:36 - CONTROL. GENERAL GORDON AND

45:37 - THOUGHT TRYING TO GET HIS

45:39 - ORDERS OR TAKE THE BRIDGE, EVEN

45:41 - THOUGH THEIR ORIGINAL ORDERS,

45:42 - WHETHER OR NOT NOW HE WANTS TO

45:44 - CAPTURE THE BRIDGE. HE STARTS

45:45 - ASKING THE CITIZENS ARE

45:46 - WRIGHTSVILLE FOR JENNA FIRE

45:48 - ENGINE DUE OUT POCKETS. YOU

45:50 - HAVE FORCED ROSS TO OUT WATER

45:52 - PITCHERS. WHAT CAN WE USE TO

45:54 - PUT OUT THE SPREADS FIRED?

45:55 - OF COURSE, THAT THE CITIZENS

45:56 - ARE LIKE WE DON'T HAVE ANYTHING

45:58 - TO LET IT BURN AND A FACT.

45:59 - WELL, THEN THE WIND SHIFTS

46:01 - AGAIN WITH THE STORM BLOWS IN

46:03 - AND NOW THE WINDS ARE BLOWING

46:04 - BACK TOWARDS RUSHVILLE. THIS

46:05 - AREA WHERE WE'RE SITTING HERE,

46:06 - BRADY WAS A SERIES, A LUMBER

46:08 - YARDS LINING THE RIVER. THERE

46:10 - AND FOX AND SHOPS ARE

46:11 - WAREHOUSES. THERE ARE WOODEN

46:14 - FOUND REASONS OTHER STRUCTURES,

46:16 - THIS REGION AND NOW THE TAR

46:18 - RIVER FRONTS ON FIRE. AND NOW

46:20 - EVERYBODY'S GOT TO BLOCK IT.

46:21 - EVERYBODY'S GOT A HORSE TROUGH.

46:23 - EVERYBODY'S GOT A WATER

46:24 - PITCHER. HE'S NOW SIR TOWN.

46:26 - THE THREAT, NOT THE BRIDGE.

46:28 - >>SO THERE'S ALL THIS FEAR

46:29 - ABOUT THESE TERRIBLE

46:30 - CONFEDERATES COMING IN CAUSING

46:31 - DAMAGE GIAMBI. GORDON ACTUALLY

46:33 - ORDERED HIS MEN TO DO SOMETHING

46:34 - PRETTY INCREDIBLE AT THIS

46:35 - POINT. WHAT DOES HE SAY?

46:37 - GORDON. WELL, AGAIN, MEMBER

46:39 - LEASE ORDERS WORK NUMBER, 72,

46:41 - WHERE TO PROTECT PRIVATE

46:42 - PROPERTY. GORDON WILL ORDER HIS

46:45 - MEN TO FORM A BUCKET BRIGADE

46:47 - AND YOU ACTUALLY START DOUSING

46:48 - THE FIRES. THERE ARE REPORTS

46:50 - THE FACT THAT THEY WILL

46:50 - DYNAMITE A COUPLE BUILDINGS

46:52 - EITHER REALLY DYNAMITE, LOSE

46:54 - GUNPOWDER. WHAT THEY'LL

46:55 - ACTUALLY BLOW OFF A COUPLE

46:56 - BUILDINGS TO TO MAKE A FIRE

46:58 - BREAK AND HIS MEN WILL ARM OVER

47:00 - ARE THEY WILL PASS WATER FROM

47:02 - HERE IN THE SUSQUEHANNA RIVER

47:03 - BEHIND US OR THE SUSQUEHANNA

47:05 - TIME. WATER CAN NOW NEWLY TO

47:07 - OUR SOUTH. WATCH THE PASTA

47:09 - WATER UPHILL AND NO DOUBTS THE

47:11 - ROOFS OF

47:14 - >>TOWN'S BUSINESSES IN THE

47:15 - TOWN'S HOUSES TO PROTECT THEM.

47:18 - SO IT'S VERY IRONIC THE NUMBER

47:19 - OF CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS

47:20 - PARTICULAR FOR 26 GEORGIA.

47:22 - >>ARE INVOLVED IN THIS ACT

47:23 - TODAY. REJECTING WRIGHTSVILLE

47:25 - WITH THAT MORNING IN THE MARCH

47:26 - THROUGH YORK. GENERAL GORDON

47:28 - AND INFORM THEM THAT THEIR HOME

47:29 - TOWN OF DARIEN, GEORGIA HAVE

47:31 - BEEN BURNED BY UNION SOLDIERS.

47:33 - SO IRONICALLY, THESE GUYS KNEW

47:35 - THEIR OWN BEEN BURNED DOWN AND

47:37 - YET THEY OBEY THE ORDER TO SAVE

47:39 - A TOWN IN PENNSYLVANIA. THAT

47:42 - WAS ON FIRE. IT'S AMAZING

47:43 - STORY. WHAT WHAT AN AMAZING

47:45 - TIME PERIOD. NOW, LET ME ASK

47:47 - THE FIRE ITSELF IS SO BIG.

47:49 - >>HOW FAR COULD YOU SEE IT AS

47:50 - NIGHT AS NIGHT FELL. THERE ARE

47:52 - REPORTS A MAN WAS CLEARLY THE

47:54 - GLOW IN THE SKY WAS CLEARLY

47:55 - VISIBLE AS FAR AWAY AS

47:56 - HARRISBURG. THERE WAS VERY

47:59 - VISIBLE IN THE ADAMS COUNTY

48:01 - PLACES. LAW WELL, HIGHER

48:02 - ELEVATION AND WAS CERTAINLY

48:05 - QUITE SOME ACCOUNTS SAY, AS FAR

48:08 - AS SOME OF THE HIGH POINTS IN

48:09 - MARYLAND, YOU CAN SEE IT.

48:10 - AND AS FAR EAST AS COATESVILLE,

48:12 - PENNSYLVANIA, WHICH IS CHESTER

48:15 - COUNTY. YOU COULD SUPPOSEDLY

48:16 - SEE THE GLOVE. SO IT'S QUIET

48:18 - OUT. AND IN FACT, THE LAW, THE

48:19 - PHILADELPHIA NEWSPAPERS WERE

48:21 - LATER THAT THEY THOUGHT NEW

48:23 - YORK WAS ON FIRE.

48:25 - JUNE. 28 18 63 PALES IN

48:28 - COMPARISON. MANY PEOPLE HAVEN'T

48:29 - HEARD OF IT OR UNDERSTAND WHY

48:30 - IT'S SO IMPORTANT.

48:31 - >>BUT JULY 1ST, SECOND AND 3RD

48:33 - OF 18. 63. EVERYBODY KNOWS WHAT

48:35 - HAPPENS TO THE SOLDIERS AFTER

48:37 - WRIGHTSVILLE.

48:38 - >>THE STATE MILITIA THEMSELVES

48:39 - WILL LAST A BIT ON THE COLUMBIA

48:42 - SIDE OF THE RIVER BEHIND US.

48:44 - THEY WILL PROTECT THE RIVER

48:45 - CROSSING. THEY'LL ACTUALLY

48:46 - START COMING BACK DURING THE

48:48 - BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG AND THEY

48:49 - WILL ROUND UP TO SEARCHERS AND

48:52 - OR CONFEDERATES. THEY WERE WERE

48:54 - REMAINING. WELL BEHIND YOUR IN

48:55 - YOUR COUNTY, GORDON HIMSELF,

48:58 - LAW GENERALLY WHAT COME TO THE

49:00 - RIVER WILL SO SIDE SCORED FOR

49:03 - HIS INABILITY TO GET ACROSS

49:04 - THE RIVER. WE KIND OF KNEW THAT

49:06 - WAS COMING BECAUSE EVEN AS THE

49:07 - ROAD HERE, YOU CAN SEE THIS

49:09 - COLUMN OF SMOKE FROM THE

49:10 - BURNING BRIDGE AND YOU KNEW,

49:11 - UNFORTUNATELY, HIS DREAM OF

49:12 - TAKING HARRISBURG WAS GONE.

49:14 - EARLY'S DIVISION WELL OFF CAMP

49:16 - IN YORK UNTIL THE MORNING OF

49:18 - THE 30 A CORDON, OF COURSE,

49:19 - WILL RETURN THERE AS WELL.

49:21 - THEY WILL RECEIVE ORDERS TO

49:23 - MARCH TO THE WEST AS LEE'S

49:24 - CONCENTRATING HIS ARMY IN THAT

49:26 - CASH TOWN TYLER'S BERG REGION.

49:30 - THEY'RE GOING TO FIGHT THE

49:30 - BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG ON JULY.

49:32 - FIRST, SECOND AND 3RD, I'M

49:34 - GORDON WILL LOSE ALMOST 25% OF

49:37 - HIS FORCE EARLY WILL ACCORDING

49:40 - TO LOSE, ABOUT 500 MEN ARE SO

49:42 - OUT OF 1800. SO WE ASKED HERE

49:44 - EARLY WILL SUFFER ABOUT 25%

49:46 - COW. SO THIS IS A BATTLE OF

49:47 - GETTYSBURG. SO MANY OF THE MEN,

49:49 - IRONICALLY WHO ARE SAVING

49:51 - WRIGHTSVILLE BY PASSING BUCKETS

49:53 - ARM OVER ARM BUCKETS OF WATER

49:56 - UPHILL. WE'LL HAVE THOSE ARMS

49:57 - REMOVED AS A RESULT OF

49:59 - GETTYSBURG, SO MANY OF THESE

50:02 - GUYS ARE SAVE WRIGHTSVILLE.

50:03 - WE CAN CASUALTIES DURING THE

50:04 - BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

50:06 - >>IF YOU CAME TO WRIGHTSVILLE

50:07 - TODAY, WHAT WOULD YOU SEE AS

50:08 - FAR AS REMNANTS OF THAT DATA?

50:10 - >>IT'S NOT A LOT LEFT. THE

50:11 - ACTUAL EARTHWORKS AND

50:12 - TREACHEROUS ARE LONG GONE.

50:14 - THE TOWN OF WRIGHTSVILLE HAS

50:15 - GROWN UP OVER THOSE. SOME OF

50:17 - THE CONFEDERATE ARTILLERY

50:18 - POSITIONS WEST OF TOWN AS WELL

50:20 - AS THE RIDGES GORDON INITIALLY

50:23 - DEPLOYED U.S. TROOPS. THOSE ARE

50:24 - STILL INTACT. OBVIOUSLY THE

50:26 - BIGGEST RENDERED HERE IN

50:27 - WRIGHTSVILLE IS BEHIND US,

50:28 - GRADY, WHERE WE SEE THE PEERS

50:31 - OF THE OLD CIVIL WAR A MORE

50:34 - THAN 20 OF THOSE STONE PILLARS

50:36 - ARE STILL HERE BEHIND US IN THE

50:38 - THERE'S, OF COURSE, WOULD HAVE

50:39 - BEEN WHAT WOULD HAVE SUPPORTED

50:41 - THE SUPERSTRUCTURE OF THE

50:42 - BRIDGE. THERE ARE ALSO A NUMBER

50:44 - OF SMALL REMEMBER TOOLS THE CAN

50:47 - NOW STILL PARTS OF THE CAN NOW

50:50 - WHERE THE CONFEDERATES WANT TO

50:52 - WATER AND TAKEN BUCKETS OF

50:54 - WATER UPHILL TO SAY THE TOWN.

50:56 - SOME ARE THE LEADING BUILDINGS

50:58 - ARE STILL HERE. ONE OF WHICH

50:59 - REFLECT IS THE ONLY WHITE

51:01 - HOUSE. AND WE'LL TALK ABOUT

51:02 - THAT OBVIOUSLY OFF FOR THAT WAS

51:06 - THE HOME OF THE MAYOR OF THE

51:07 - TOWN HIS DAUGHTER. ON THE

51:11 - NIGHT. THE BRIDGE IS BURNING.

51:13 - WELL ASKED GENERAL GORDON TO

51:14 - SAY THANK YOU FOR SAVING HER

51:16 - FATHER'S HOUSE AND SAVING MUCH

51:18 - OF THAT OUT. SHE WILL TELL HIM

51:20 - COME ON BACK IN THE MORNING

51:21 - WITH HIS MONEY OR STAFF AS YOU

51:22 - CAN BRING, IT WILL FEATURE

51:23 - BREAKFAST. ALSO, GORDON WILL

51:25 - SHOW UP IN THE MORNING OF JUNE

51:26 - 29TH. WE BREAKFAST BEFORE AS

51:28 - MEN LEAVE HEAD BACK TO YOUR

51:30 - THAT HOUSE IS STILL HERE.

51:31 - IT'S PRIVATELY OWNED AND THERE

51:33 - ARE A NUMBER OF OTHER SMALLER,

51:34 - REMEMBER AS WELL.

51:36 - WHAT DO YOU THINK SHOULD BE

51:37 - THE ULTIMATE LEGACY OF THIS

51:38 - BATTLE WAS STILL MATTER?

51:39 - I THINK THERE'S A COUPLE AND

51:41 - ONE, OBVIOUSLY THE LOCALS WILL

51:42 - TELL YOU THAT THIS CHANGE THE

51:44 - DESTINY OF PENNSYLVANIA THAT IF

51:46 - THE REBELS COULD HAVE INDEED

51:48 - WHEN ACROSS THE RIVER AND TAKEN

51:49 - HARRISBURG THAT THERE WOULD NOT

51:51 - HAVE BEEN A BATTLE OF

51:52 - GETTYSBURG THAT THINGS MIGHT

51:53 - HAVE BEEN QUITE DIFFERENTLY.

51:55 - I THINK THE ACTUAL LEGACY OF

51:56 - THIS, THOUGH, ARE REALLY 3 FULL

51:58 - ONE IS THE BLOCK CIVILIANS WHO

52:01 - FOUGHT HERE. THEY LOST ONE OF

52:02 - THEIR NUMBER. WHO WAS THE ONLY

52:04 - FATALITY OF A BATTLE OF

52:05 - WRIGHTSVILLE HAS HAD THE

52:07 - SHATTERED BY A SHELL FRAGMENT

52:09 - WAS A LOT OF NEWBORN RESPECT

52:11 - FOR THE BLOC'S FIGHTING ABILITY

52:12 - AND ACTUALLY LED INDIRECTLY TO

52:14 - THE CREATION WITH US COLORED

52:16 - TROOPS. THIS GOVERNOR OF MAJOR

52:19 - GENERAL COUCH HAD TREMENDOUS

52:21 - RESPECT WHEN THE REPORTS CAME

52:23 - UP, HOW BRAVELY THESE BLACK

52:25 - CIVILIANS NOT IN UNIFORM BUT

52:26 - CARING U.S. ARMY WEAPONS HAD

52:29 - SO THAT WAS A THAT WAS A LEGACY

52:30 - OF THE FIGHT HERE. WRIGHTSVILLE

52:32 - WAS THE AFRICAN AMERICAN

52:33 - EXPERIENCE. THE REST OF THE

52:35 - CIVIL WAR THERE ALSO WAS.

52:39 - THE FACT THAT THE FIGHTING HERE

52:44 - EVENTS TO THE CONFEDERATES YOU

52:46 - KNOW, THE CIVILIANS WERE

52:47 - WILLING TO PUT UP A FIGHT

52:50 - ANOTHER LEGACY THAT CAME OUT

52:51 - OF THIS BATTLES WELL, WAS

52:54 - SOUTHCENTRAL. PENNSYLVANIA

52:55 - BECAME THE VETS. THE U.S. ARMY

52:56 - AND THE GOVERNMENT CAN PROTECT

52:57 - THEM AND ELECTION OF 18.

52:59 - 64. THIS AREA WENT HEAVILY FOR

53:01 - GENERAL MCCLELLAN. AMANDA AND I

53:04 - LIKEN SETTLEMENT A CONFEDERATE

53:06 - SYMPATHIES WERE QUITE QUITE

53:07 - HARD. THIS REGION, ALTHOUGH

53:09 - MANY OF THE SYMPATHIZER UPSET

53:11 - THAT THEY LOST THEIR HORSES

53:12 - AND COWS TO THE ARMY THAT

53:15 - POLITICAL FALLOUT, A COST

53:18 - GOVERNOR CURTAIN THE SUPPORT

53:20 - OF THIS AREA AS WELL AS LINCOLN

53:21 - IN 18, 64. YOU HAVE A WEBSITE.

53:23 - HOW CAN VIEWERS FIND OUT MORE

53:24 - ABOUT YOU AND YOUR BOOKS?

53:25 - SURE. STOP. BIGGEST DOT COM

53:28 - IS MY WEBSITE. THEY ALSO GET

53:29 - THIS IN MY OFFICE PAGE ON

53:30 - AMAZON DOT COM AND OR ON SIDE

53:33 - OF SPEEDY DOT COM, WHO IS MY

53:35 - PUBLISHER OF MANY OF MY BOOKS

53:36 - UP BY A WEB SITE THERE AS WELL

53:39 - THAT PEOPLE CAN VISIT AND LEARN

53:40 - ABOUT THIS BOOK CLAIMS THE ON

53:42 - GETTYSBURG, THE TALKS ABOUT

53:43 - THIS STORY AS WELL AS TO WHY

53:45 - OTHER UPCOMING BOOKS FROM STOPS

53:46 - BEATING. ON THAT NOTE, I'D LIKE

53:48 - TO THANK OUR GUESTS COPYING US

53:49 - FOR BEING HERE. AS ALWAYS.

53:51 - YOU HAVE QUESTIONS ABOUT

53:52 - TODAY'S EPISODE OR

53:53 - RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE

53:54 - EPISODES.

53:55 - >>PLEASE VISIT OUR WEBSITE AT

53:56 - PCN TV DOT COM FOR EVERYONE

53:59 - HERE. BATTLEFIELD PENNSYLVANIA.

54:01 - I'M BREAK RIGHTS ARE SAYING

54:02 - SO LONG.