00:30 - AND WELCOME TO BATTLEFIELD

00:32 - PENNSYLVANIA.

00:33 - TODAY WE'RE ON FOR CITY

00:35 - NATIONAL BATTLEFIELD IN FAYETTE

00:37 - COUNTY.

00:38 - AND 17. 54 YOUNG GEORGE

00:40 - WASHINGTON FOUND HIMSELF HERE

00:41 - AT FORT NECESSITY SURROUNDED BY

00:43 - THE ARMIES OF NEW FRANCE.

00:45 - ALL HE WOULD SURRENDER THAT

00:46 - DAY. HIS LOSS HERE AT FORT

00:48 - NECESSITY WOULD PROVE TO BE A

00:49 - PIVOTAL TURNING POINT IN THE

00:51 - LIFE OF A MAN WHO ONE DAY WOULD

00:52 - BE PRESIDENT. I'M YOUR HOST

00:54 - BRADY, CHRYSLER. JOINING ME

00:56 - TODAY TO DISCUSS THE BATTLE OF

00:58 - FORT NECESSITY IS BRIAN READING

00:59 - OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

01:01 - AND HISTORIAN DAVID PRESTON.

01:03 - GENTLEMEN, THANK YOU BOTH FOR

01:04 - BEING HERE. THANK YOU. OUR

01:05 - PLEASURE. TELL US A LITTLE

01:07 - ABOUT YOUR BACKGROUND.

01:10 - MY INTEREST IN HISTORY BEGAN AS

01:12 - A YOUNG GROWING UP IN EASTERN

01:14 - PENNSYLVANIA. IN THE MIDST OF

01:16 - THE BICENTENNIAL OF UNITED

01:18 - STATES OR FOR TRIP PARENTS WHO

01:20 - ARE VERY NURTURING OF THAT

01:22 - >>MAKE SURE THAT WE TOOK TRIPS

01:23 - TO VARIOUS HISTORIC SITES,

01:26 - PLACES LIKE GETTYSBURG OR

01:27 - VARIOUS MUSEUMS WHEN THEY

01:30 - SHOWED AN INTEREST IN STUDYING

01:33 - JUST A NATURAL FIT THAT WENT TO

01:35 - SCHOOL LOCALLY HERE IN WESTERN

01:37 - PENNSYLVANIA. MY WEEKEND.

01:39 - SO I MIGHT FRIENDS FOR BUSY

01:42 - EXPLORING.

01:44 - ADULT I WOULD VOLUNTEER ON

01:47 - WEEKENDS COME OUT HERE FOR

01:48 - ASSESSING AND VOLUNTEERED WORK.

01:50 - THEIR VISITOR CENTER TO LIVING

01:52 - HISTORY PROGRAMS AND KIND OF

01:54 - GOT MY FOOT IN THE DOOR.

01:55 - I REALIZE THAT THE PARK SERVICE

01:56 - WAS THE PERFECT PLACE FOR ME TO

01:58 - BE SO STARTING IN THE MID IT

02:02 - WAS ALL A TEAR SEASONAL SPENT

02:04 - SOME TIME AT VALLEY FORGE AS

02:06 - WELL AND INDEPENDENTS, NATIONAL

02:07 - HISTORIC PARK AND BACK IN THE

02:09 - MID 90'S. I CAME BACK HERE SO

02:11 - YEAH, 30 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

02:12 - HERE AT THE SITE.

02:16 - >>LIKE MY MY INTEREST IN THE

02:19 - FRENCH AND INDIAN VERY MUCH

02:22 - AS A RESULT OF OF GROWING UP

02:23 - HERE AND IN WESTERN PA.

02:27 - AND IT WAS HARD TO ESCAPE THE

02:29 - THE SHADOW SITES LIKE FOR TULSA

02:32 - CITY, FORT LEE, NEAR. THE STORY

02:35 - OF GEORGE WASHINGTON'S

02:37 - ADVENTURES HERE IN THE OHIO

02:38 - COUNTRY.

02:41 - I WENT TO WILLIAM AND MARY FOR

02:43 - GRADUATE SCHOOL AND EARNED MY

02:45 - DOCTOR SPECIALIZING IN EARLY

02:47 - AMERICAN HISTORY. AND ALSO

02:49 - NATIVE AMERICAN HISTORY.

02:51 - AND FROM THERE WENT ON

02:54 - EXCEPT A JOB AT THE AND I HAVE

02:58 - THE PRIVILEGE THERE OF OF

03:00 - TEACHING SOME OF THE NATION'S

03:02 - FINEST YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN WHO

03:04 - ARE ENTERING THE MILITARY OUR

03:06 - NATION'S PAST AND ALSO THE

03:10 - IMPORTANCE OF THIS MILITARY

03:11 - HISTORY TO THERE TO THEIR

03:12 - CAREERS.

03:14 - >>NOW, YOU WOULDN'T KNOW IT TO

03:15 - BE HERE, BUT THIS IS ACTUALLY

03:17 - A STORY OF SUPERPOWERS EMPIRES.

03:19 - TELL US ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP

03:21 - BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND

03:22 - FRANCE IN THE 17 50'S. IT'S SO.

03:27 - THEIR RELATIONSHIP IS VERY THIS

03:31 - IT'S BEEN A SERIES OF WARS

03:33 - BETWEEN THESE 2 NATIONS SAYS

03:35 - NEARLY FOREVER. BUT THIS IS

03:37 - THE LAST IN A SERIES OF FOR WAR

03:38 - STARTING IN THE LAST CENTURY.

03:41 - AND THEY HAVE BEEN JOCKEYING

03:43 - FOR POSITION THIS WAR IS UNIQUE

03:46 - IN THE FACT THAT UNLIKE THE

03:48 - PREVIOUS 3 WHICH BEGAN.

03:52 - AND SPREAD TO THEIR COLONIES.

03:53 - THIS ONE ACTUALLY HAS TRIGGERED

03:55 - HERE IN THE COLONIES AND

03:56 - BECOMES A GLOBAL CONFLICT.

03:58 - THAT REALLY A WORLD WAR OF

04:01 - GREAT CONSEQUENCE. YEAH, THEY

04:04 - SAW THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY IS

04:05 - AN IMPORTANT PLACE TO BE WORTH.

04:07 - 3 CULTURES WOULD EVENTUALLY

04:09 - CLASHED IN THIS AREA.

04:12 - >>AND IF I COULD JUST EXPAND

04:14 - ON THAT A LITTLE BY THE 17, 50

04:18 - IS THE FRENCH EMPIRE IN AMERICA

04:21 - REALLY HAS ONE PURPOSE AND

04:22 - THAT'S NOT PROFIT. THAT'S

04:23 - ACTUALLY CONTAINMENT. THE

04:26 - FRENCH BY THIS POINT, THEY THEY

04:27 - RECOGNIZE THE DEMOGRAPHIC

04:29 - PRESSURE REPRESENTED BY.

04:31 - ALMOST ONE AND A HALF MILLION

04:33 - BRITISH CALLING US THAT ARE

04:34 - ARE SURGING WESTWARD AND

04:36 - NORTHWARD.

04:38 - THE FRENCH VERY WANT TO CONTAIN

04:41 - THAT.

04:42 - THROUGH THEIR NETWORK OF OF

04:44 - INDIAN ALLIANCE IS THROUGH

04:46 - CONTROL OF THE THE INTERIOR

04:47 - WATERWAYS OF THE CONTINENT.

04:51 - THE CONVERSELY, YOU KNOW, THEY

04:53 - THEY VERY MUCH WANT TO COLLAPSE

04:56 - THAT NETWORK OF OF NATIVE

04:58 - ALLIANCES, THAT THAT IS REALLY

05:00 - THE BALL WORK OF OF FRANCIS

05:02 - ABILITY TO TO BE SO DOMINANT AS

05:04 - AN EMPIRE.

05:07 - NUMERICALLY THE FRENCH CANADIAN

05:10 - POPULATION AT THIS TIME IS

05:11 - ABOUT 55,000. YOU BOTH

05:14 - MENTIONED THE IMPORTANCE OF THE

05:15 - OHIO RIVER VALLEY. CALL THE

05:17 - TIME THE OHIO COUNTRY. WHAT

05:18 - WAS THAT PLACE LIKE IN THE 17

05:19 - 50'S? IT'S FULL OF UNTAPPED

05:26 - WE HAVE NATIVE PEOPLES WHO

05:29 - MOVING ABOUT AND TRYING TO

05:31 - SURVIVE SOMETHING BEEN.

05:32 - >>THAT MIGRATED HERE. SOME HAVE

05:34 - BEEN PUSHED HERE. IT HAS THE.

05:39 - DOCTOR PRESTON ALLUDED TO THE

05:41 - IMPORTANT RIVER WAYS TO GET

05:43 - INTO THE INTERIOR

05:46 - >>IT'S IT'S JUST IT'S JUST A

05:48 - KEY TO THE COMMON, ESPECIALLY

05:50 - FOR BRITAIN WHO'S LOOKING TO

05:51 - GO WESTWARDS. THEY HAVE TO GET

05:52 - TO THIS AREA HERE.

05:54 - >>BREAKTHROUGH THOSE

05:54 - ALLEGHENIES BUT THE RESERVE OF

05:57 - LAND IS NECESSARY FOR BRITAIN

06:00 - TO GROW THE FRENCH. THEY SEE IT

06:03 - AS THAT AS A BUFFER. OBVIOUSLY

06:08 - ECONOMICALLY. IT REALLY DOES

06:09 - OFFER MUCH TO THEM. THE

06:11 - LUCRATIVE FOR TRADE IS FOUND IN

06:13 - THE UPPER GREAT LAKES. I OFTEN

06:15 - LIKE 2 KIDS FIGHTING OVER TOY.

06:17 - SOMETIMES ONE FIGHT. SO THE

06:19 - OTHER ONE DOESN'T GET THE TOY.

06:20 - AND SO THE TOYS SELL AND CAUGHT

06:22 - IN THE MIDDLE OF THIS ARE THE

06:23 - NATIVE THE SHAWNEE, WESTERN

06:27 - EUROPE. COY, AND THEN THEY WILL

06:29 - NOT BE THE DELAWARE. SO, BUT

06:31 - THIS IS ALSO KIND OF MELTING.

06:32 - POT OF OTHER NATIONS SAYS AN

06:33 - AREA WHERE PEOPLE WOULD PASS

06:35 - THROUGH MORE PARTIES IN TRADE

06:38 - SO FORTH. SO IT IS A KIND

06:40 - ACROSS ROAD TO A COP. IT RIGHT

06:42 - HERE.

06:44 - >>AND THERE WERE THERE WERE

06:45 - OTHER THROUGHOUT NORTH AMERICA

06:48 - THAT THE BRITISH EMPIRE WAS WAS

06:50 - VERY MUCH CONCERNED ABOUT

06:52 - THERE. THERE WERE A NUMBER OF

06:55 - AREAS WHERE THE BRITISH

06:57 - PERCEIVED FRENCH ENCROACHMENTS

06:58 - ON ON BRITISH IMPERIAL CLAIMS.

07:01 - HOWEVER, IT'S IT'S IMPORTANT TO

07:03 - NOTE THAT OF ALL OF THOSE

07:04 - RANGING FROM NOVA SCOTIA ALL

07:06 - THE WAY HERE, TOO. THE OHIO

07:08 - VALLEY THAT EVEN IMPERIAL

07:10 - OFFICIALS IN LONDON ARE WRITING

07:12 - ABOUT THE OHIO VALLEY AS A AS

07:13 - A POINT OF SUCH NATIONAL

07:15 - IMPORTANCE AND IT VERY DESERVES

07:19 - THAT REPUTATION AS AS BEING

07:21 - THAT THE THE REAL AT THE CENTER

07:23 - OF A CONFLICT FRANCE, THE

07:26 - BRITISH COLONIES PRIMARILY FOR

07:28 - GIN YA AS AS BRIAN LEE DID TO

07:31 - THAT THAT THE VARIOUS NATIVE

07:33 - NATIONS THAT SAW THIS AREA AS

07:35 - AS A PLACE OF INDEPENDENCE FROM

07:37 - BOTH.

07:38 - >>THE FRENCH AND THE BRITISH

07:39 - EMPIRE'S.

07:41 - WHEN YOU COME TO FORT

07:42 - NECESSITY, YOU SEE GEORGE

07:43 - WASHINGTON EVERYWHERE. YOU

07:45 - CAN'T MISS HIM. WHO IS GEORGE

07:47 - WASHINGTON IN 17? 54. HE WAS A

07:51 - YOUNG, NAIVE, AMBITIOUS MAN

07:55 - HE'S NOT THE WASHINGTON WILL WE

07:57 - SEE ON THE DOLLAR BILL? THAT'S

07:59 - COMING SOON. IS A KID FROM

08:02 - TIDEWATER, VIRGINIA. HE'S

08:04 - TRYING TO MAKE HIS WAY INTO

08:05 - THE WORLD.

08:06 - >>AS A YOUNG MAN, HE HAD LOST

08:08 - HIS FATHER AT AGE 11 SO THE

08:10 - OPPORTUNITIES FOR ADVANCEMENT,

08:12 - ESPECIALLY IN EDUCATION WITH

08:14 - AND AT THAT POINT. SO HE WAS

08:16 - LOOKING FOR OTHER MEANS TO DO

08:17 - SO. HE TOOK UP SURVEYING BY

08:20 - AGE 16. THAT DEFINITELY WOULD

08:23 - ALLOW HIM TO RUB ELBOWS WITH

08:25 - THE FAIRFAX IS GET A LOT OF

08:27 - WORK HERE. CLOSE TO WESTERN

08:29 - PENNSYLVANIA AS FAR SURVEY BUT

08:32 - IT'S REALLY IS OPPORTUNITY TO

08:34 - BECOME PART OF THE VIRGINIA

08:35 - MILITIA AND 17. 53 AND AND

08:38 - BEING THAT KID IS GOING TO SAY

08:40 - IN THE BACK OF CLASSROOM TO

08:42 - PICK ME BECAUSE HE WAS THE

08:44 - GOVERNOR OF VIRGINIA. HE'S AN

08:46 - EXPENDABLE ASSET. IF YOU CAN

08:48 - DELIVER THAT LETTER AND SURVIVE

08:51 - THAT'S GREAT. HE A WONDERFUL

08:53 - COUNT OF HIS EXPERIENCE IN 17.

08:55 - 53 AND BECAUSE OF THAT

08:58 - EXPERIENCE AND HIS KNOWLEDGE

09:00 - OF THE FRONT HERE HE IS BROUGHT

09:02 - OUT HERE SECOND IN COMMAND OF

09:04 - THE VIRGINIA REGIMENT AT THAT

09:06 - POINT TO HELP FURTHER

09:08 - VIRGINIA'S CLAIM TO THIS AREA.

09:10 - SO IT SAYS AMBITIONS IS IN

09:12 - ADDITION, THIS TRULY DRIVING

09:14 - HIM AT THIS POINT.

09:18 - >>AND I THINK ALSO THAT

09:19 - WASHINGTON HE VERY MUCH

09:22 - TYPIFIES THE THE PATRIOTIC

09:25 - BRITISH CALLING US TO THIS TIME

09:27 - THAT HE HE VERY MUCH HAS A ZEAL

09:30 - FOR ADVANCING THE THE INTERESTS

09:33 - OF OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN

09:35 - AMERICA AND AND THAT, OF

09:37 - COURSE, IS ALWAYS A POINT OF

09:38 - IRONY, GIVEN THE FACT THAT THAT

09:41 - OVER 20 YEARS LATER HE WOULD

09:42 - BE REBELLING AGAINST AT THAT

09:44 - VERY EMPIRE. I THINK THAT ONE

09:49 - ONE ASPECT OF WASHINGTON'S

09:51 - EARLY CAREER THAT THAT OFTEN

09:52 - GETS NEGLECTED.

09:54 - IS THE FRONTIER SURVEYING THAT

09:57 - HE THAT HE DID NOT BUY THE

09:59 - EARLY 17 50'S HE'S COMPLETED.

10:02 - AROUND 200 SURVEYS OF OF MOSTLY

10:05 - FRONTIER LAND AND AND I THINK

10:07 - THAT THAT'S A HUGE RESERVOIR

10:09 - OF EXPERIENCE FOR HIM IN TERMS

10:11 - OF OF HOW TO HOW TO NAVIGATE

10:14 - THE LAND ON THE ON THE

10:16 - FRONTIER. SO I I THINK THAT

10:18 - WASHINGTON IS NOT QUITE AS AS

10:19 - INEXPERIENCED AS WE OFTEN

10:21 - OFTEN. THANK CERTAINLY HE GAINS

10:24 - EVEN MORE EXPERIENCE

10:26 - DIPLOMATICALLY DURING THAT 17.

10:28 - 53 MISSION. SO THE BY 17, 54

10:32 - AND THE TIME OF 4 TO ASSESS

10:33 - CITY. WASHINGTON HAS A A GOOD

10:36 - SENSE OF OF WHAT'S WHAT'S GOING

10:38 - ON.

10:39 - IF YOU'RE ASK SOMEBODY IN

10:41 - MONTREAL, QUEBEC ABOUT THIS

10:43 - AREA, THEY WOULD SAY YOU'RE

10:44 - IN NEW FRANCE RIGHT NOW.

10:46 - >>HOW DID THAT FRANCE GO ABOUT

10:47 - ADMINISTERING THIS PLACE AND

10:49 - CONTROLLING AN AREA SO LARGE?

10:51 - NEW FRANCE HAD CLAIMS ON THIS

10:53 - REGION.

10:54 - >>THAT THEY THEY DATED BACK TO

10:56 - THE 16 70'S AND THERE WAS AN

10:58 - ALLEGED A VOYAGE THE FRENCH

11:01 - EXPLORER LASALLE THAT THAT THE

11:04 - ALLEGEDLY CAME DOWN. THE OHIO

11:06 - AND THAT WAS REALLY THE BASIS

11:07 - OF A FUTURE. FRENCH CLAIMS THE

11:10 - FRENCH WERE DEFINITELY AWARE

11:12 - OF THE GROWING IMPORTANCE OF

11:14 - THIS REGION.

11:16 - AS EARLY AS THE 17 20'S AND

11:20 - BUT BOTH AS A AS A MEANS OF

11:21 - COMMUNICATION WITH THEIR THEIR

11:23 - WESTERN EMPIRE AND LOUISIANA,

11:26 - WHICH IS TO SAY THAT THE WHOLE

11:28 - OF THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND

11:30 - THEY'RE ALSO AWARE OF THE THE

11:32 - THE MOVEMENTS OF NATIVE PEOPLES

11:34 - AND TO THIS REGION. AS BRIAN

11:36 - ALLUDED TO EARLIER,

11:40 - IT'S NOT REALLY UNTIL BRITISH

11:42 - TRADERS BEGAN TO ENCROACH INTO

11:44 - THE VALLEY BEGINNING IN THE

11:45 - 17 40'S THAT THAT THE FRENCH

11:47 - REALIZE THAT THEY NEED TO

11:50 - ASSERT FRENCH DOMINION.

11:54 - THAT THAT BEGINS IN THE YEAR

11:56 - 17. 49, WHEN THE FRENCH SUNDOWN

11:59 - AND AN EXPEDITION COMMANDED BY

12:02 - A FRENCH OFFICER NAMED SAID

12:03 - THAT ON THE BLAND V AND HE DOES

12:06 - A BASICALLY A CIRCUIT THROUGH

12:07 - THE WHOLE OF THE OHIO VALLEY

12:09 - AND ESSENTIALLY TRYING EITHER

12:12 - INTIMIDATE OR SHORE UP

12:15 - ALLIANCES WITH WITH THE NATIVE

12:17 - PEOPLES IN THAT REGION AND

12:18 - ASSERT FRENCH CLAIM.

12:21 - >>MOST FOLKS LOOK AT THE FORCES

12:23 - MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT SAID

12:25 - YES TO ANYONE STRAIGHT OR IT

12:28 - CERTAINLY IS A. INTIMIDATING,

12:31 - BUT THEY'RE ALSO MEANT TO SERVE

12:33 - AS A AREAS TO DRAW THE NATIVE

12:35 - PEOPLE, TOO. TOO MEET AND

12:38 - CONVERSE AND TRADE. I OFTEN USE

12:41 - THE ANALOGY OF THINKING THAT

12:42 - THE FORTS AS THE KMART AND

12:45 - WAL-MART OF THE FRONT HERE,

12:46 - A PLACE WHERE THE INTERACTION

12:48 - WILL HURT. YOU CAN CEMENT THE

12:49 - ALLIANCES AND TO BY THIS POINT

12:53 - ARE.

12:54 - I WAS A PENDANT ON EUROPEAN

12:56 - GOODS, BUT THEY THEY MAKE THEIR

12:57 - LIFE A LOT EASIER. IT'S NOT

12:59 - THAT THEY WERE GIVEN UP THE BOW

13:01 - AND ARROW. ONCE ONE ACQUIRES A

13:03 - MUSKET, IT MAKES LIFE EASIER.

13:05 - SAME WITH COPPER, KETTLES AND

13:07 - TEXTILES. SO HERE'S AN

13:09 - OPPORTUNITY TO BUY FROM ANOTHER

13:13 - GROUP OTHER THAN THE THAT DOES

13:15 - CREATE THAT RIVALRY. AND THIS

13:17 - IS HOW THE FRENCH ARE GOING TO

13:18 - TRY TO CONVINCE THE AMERICAN

13:21 - INDIAN SAID THEY ARE THE BEST

13:22 - CHOICE HERE IN THE VALLEY.

13:25 - >>AND I THINK TO TIE THIS BACK

13:27 - ONE OF YOUR INITIAL THE IRONY

13:31 - OF ALL OF THIS IS THAT NEITHER

13:33 - THE FRENCH NOR THE BRITISH

13:34 - GOVERNMENT'S IN THE EARLY 17

13:37 - 50'S WANTED OPEN WAR WITH ONE

13:40 - ANOTHER. BUT ALL OF THEIR

13:42 - ACTIONS IN THIS REGION. RISK.

13:46 - THOSE LOCAL CONFLICTS IN THE

13:49 - OHIO VALLEY ESCALATING INTO.

13:51 - A MUCH BROADER CONFLICT.

13:54 - BUT NONETHELESS, THAT THE

13:55 - STAKES ARE SO HIGH FOR BOTH THE

13:57 - BRITISH AND THE FRENCH THAT

13:59 - THEY'RE WILLING TO MAKE THESE

14:00 - RISKS. FOR EXAMPLE, 17 53, THE

14:03 - FRENCH WILL SEND IN A

14:04 - MONUMENTAL FORCE. THE 2600.

14:09 - TO MILITARILY ASSERT CONTROL

14:12 - OF THE OHIO VALLEY. AND THAT

14:13 - LEADS US BRYANT SAID TO THE

14:16 - CONSTRUCTION OF OF 2 FORTS TO

14:18 - HELP SECURE A THE PORTAGE OVER

14:22 - TO THE OHIO VALLEY. THE FORT'S

14:26 - ESTABLISHED BEING PRESQUE ISLE

14:28 - AND FOR DELIVERY BUFF.

14:32 - 2600 MEN. I OFTEN OBSERVE THAT

14:34 - THAT'S MORE MEN. THEN. GENERAL

14:37 - EDWARD BRADDOCK HAD IN HIS

14:39 - ENTIRE ARMY. IN 17. 55, THIS IS

14:43 - THIS IS A MASSIVE ESCALATION

14:45 - OF FORCE AND THE FRENCH

14:47 - CONTINUE THAT ESCALATION IN

14:50 - THE SPRING OF 17. 54. WHEN THEY

14:53 - SEND 600 MEN FROM THIS FORTS

14:56 - WITH ARTILLERY DOWN TO CAPTURE,

14:59 - ARGUABLY THE MOST IMPORTANT

15:01 - POINT AND THAT IS THE FORKS OF

15:03 - THE OHIO RIVER. THE JUNCTION OF

15:04 - THE ALLEGHENY AND THEN ON TO

15:06 - HALA FORMING THE OHIO.

15:09 - THE FACT THAT THE FRENCH ARE

15:11 - ABLE TO ACHIEVE THE CONTROL OF

15:13 - THE OF THE FORKS OF THE OHIO.

15:16 - WITH THIS FORCE AND TO DO IT.

15:18 - BLOODLESS LEE. THIS IS THIS

15:20 - IS OFTEN OVERLOOKED. BUT IT IS

15:23 - A CRUCIAL, CRUCIAL BACKDROP

15:25 - FOR EVERYTHING THAT HAPPENS

15:27 - AFTER APRIL 17. 54 TO INCLUDE

15:29 - THE GYM ON HILL AFFAIR AND ALSO

15:31 - FOR STUDY.

15:33 - >>WE'VE TALKED ABOUT

15:34 - WASHINGTON'S FRONTIER

15:35 - EXPERIENCE, WHAT HE DID IN THIS

15:37 - REGION AND 17. 53, WHAT BRINGS

15:40 - HIM BACK IN 17? 54, WHAT HIS

15:42 - MISSION REALLY A SIMPLE IS TO

15:46 - BUILD A MILITARY SUPPLY ROAD

15:49 - CONNECTING THE POTOMAC RIVER

15:50 - WITH THE OHIO AGAIN IN THE

15:52 - MOUNTAINS THAT DID NOT OFFER

15:54 - NAVIGABLE RIVERS THE

15:55 - ALLEGHENIES AND AT THAT POINT,

15:57 - WHEN WASHINGTON'S ACTUALLY

15:58 - RETURNING FROM HIS TRIP UP TO

16:00 - 4 DOUBLE OFF. YEAH. HE COMES

16:02 - ACROSS THE 30 VIRGINIANS THAT

16:04 - ARE SENT OUT IN VIRGINIA'S

16:06 - ATTEMPT TO CONTROL THE FORCE OF

16:07 - THE OHIO AND AND BUILDING THAT

16:09 - FORK SO MAKER FOR 2 HAS

16:11 - TRANSFORMED HER FORTE. PRINCE

16:13 - GEORGE. SO THE IDEA WAS FOR

16:16 - HIM TO BUILD THIS ROAD, THEY

16:17 - WOULD BY APRIL RECRUIT ABOUT

16:21 - 150 VIRGINIANS, A AND 3

16:23 - COMPANIES BEGIN CONSTRUCTION OF

16:27 - THAT ROAD THROUGH THESE

16:28 - MOUNTAINS. AND IT'S IRONIC HE

16:31 - ACTUALLY GETS THE JOB THAT WE

16:32 - DON'T GIVE HIM A LOT OF CREDIT.

16:33 - WE DON'T GET EXCITED ABOUT

16:35 - ROADS HERE. I GET TO THE JUICY

16:36 - PART OF THE STORY, WHICH IS

16:37 - THAT THAT DEFEAT HERE AT FORT

16:39 - NECESSITY. BUT THAT WAS HIS

16:41 - PRIMARY MISSION IS KIND OF AN

16:42 - GUARD. THE REST THE ARM IS

16:44 - GOING TO FOLLOW THEM EVENTUALLY

16:47 - TAKE FURTHER CONTROL OF THE

16:48 - OHIO RIVER VALLEY. BUT WITH

16:50 - THE FRENCH TAKING CONTROL OF

16:51 - THE FORCE OF THE OHIO AND

16:53 - APRIL. WHAT KIND OF CHANGES

16:55 - A MIX OF THE CAMPAIGN? WHEN

16:58 - WHEN WASHINGTON

16:59 - >>RECEIVES WORD OF THAT, THAT

17:02 - HOSTILE TAKEOVER. HE'S IN FACT,

17:05 - ADVANCING WESTWARD AT THAT

17:06 - POINT.

17:08 - THE INITIAL REPORTS INDICATE

17:10 - THAT THE FRENCH HAVE SENT 600

17:12 - REGULAR TROOPS AS WELL AS

17:14 - ARTILLERY AND THEN WASHINGTON

17:16 - STERN, WILL HE EVEN THOUGH IT'S

17:17 - THAT THE FRENCH HAVE

17:19 - ESTABLISHED A BATTERY?

17:21 - IN THEIR THEIR ATTEMPT TO TAKE

17:23 - TRANSPORT. THIS IS THE LANGUAGE

17:24 - OF SIEGE WARFARE AND IT'S

17:26 - IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND THAT

17:27 - THAT THAT THE BACKDROP OF

17:30 - WASHINGTON'S BASIC, A VIEW OF

17:33 - WHAT'S HAPPENING THAT THE

17:34 - STRUCK WITH REGULARS THAT THEY

17:37 - HAVE BASICALLY CONDUCTED SIEGE

17:39 - OPERATIONS AGAINST TRANSPORT

17:42 - AND THAT THAT. ESSENTIALLY A

17:45 - STATE OF WAR EXISTS AND THAT

17:47 - THAT'S THE SITUATION THAT HE'S

17:48 - THAT HE'S BEING THRUST INTO.

17:51 - >>WELL, HIS ORDERS ALSO TELL

17:53 - HIM THE GOVERNOR SENT HIM WERE

17:55 - THAT HE WAS TOO, IF HE MEETS UP

17:58 - WITH ANY OF THE ENEMY TO TO

18:00 - REMOVE THEM OR DESTROY THEM.

18:02 - SO THERE'S NO FORMAL WAR

18:03 - DECLARED THIS TIME. BUT

18:05 - OBVIOUSLY THAT THE NICETIES

18:07 - OF DIPLOMACY ARE AT AN END.

18:09 - SO YES, WASH IS COMING OUT HERE

18:11 - AND AGGRESSIVE PATH POSTURE

18:14 - BECAUSE HE SEES THE FRENCH

18:14 - DOING THE SAME THING. IT'S IT'S

18:16 - IT'S A RACE TO THAT AREA TO

18:18 - CONTROL.

18:19 - >>GIVEN THE STAKES, IS IT

18:20 - NORMAL FOR A COLONIAL GOVERNOR

18:22 - TO ISSUE THOSE SORT OF ORDERS,

18:23 - ATTACK AN ENEMY THAT COULD

18:25 - POTENTIALLY SPARK A MUCH BIGGER

18:26 - WAR.

18:27 - WELL, IN THE CASE OF OF ROBERT

18:29 - DINWIDDIE, THE GOVERNOR ROYAL

18:31 - GOVERNOR FOR GIN YA. HE

18:33 - AUTHORIZATION FROM THE THE

18:36 - GOVERNMENT IN LONDON. 2, FOR

18:38 - EXAMPLE, CONSTRUCT FORTS IN THE

18:40 - OHIO VALLEY. SO IT I THINK THAT

18:42 - ONE. ONE THING THAT NEEDS TO BE

18:46 - OBSERVED HERE IS THE DEGREE TO

18:47 - WHICH THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT

18:50 - IN THE YEAR 17. 54 ALREADY

18:52 - ESCALATED THIS CONFLICT.

18:54 - THEY HAVE SENT ARMS IN THE FORM

18:57 - OF OF 2000 STANDS WITH MUSKETS.

18:59 - THEY'VE SENT ARTILLERY TO

19:01 - VIRGINIA. THEY'VE SENT 10,000

19:04 - POUNDS IN SPECIES, VIRGINIA,

19:07 - FOR THE PURPOSES OF OF FRONTIER

19:08 - DEFENSE. THEY'VE ALSO

19:12 - INDEPENDENT COMPANIES OF THE

19:13 - BRITISH ARMY FROM NEW YORK AND

19:15 - SOUTH CAROLINA TO VIRGINIA AND

19:18 - THEY'VE EVEN APPOINTED A

19:19 - COMMANDER IN CHIEF IN 17.

19:21 - 54 THE THE ROYAL GOVERNOR OF

19:24 - MARYLAND WHO RATIO, SHARK.

19:27 - ALSO A FORMER BRITISH ARMY

19:29 - OFFICER. SO IT.

19:32 - WE OFTEN TEND TO THINK OF THESE

19:34 - LOCAL GOVERNORS LIKE THE FRENCH

19:36 - GOVERNOR, THE MARQUEE DUQUESNE

19:37 - OR GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE AS BEING

19:40 - THE ONES WHO ARE ESCALATING

19:42 - THINGS. BUT

19:44 - THEY THEY ARE DOING THIS WITH

19:45 - THE AUTHORIZATION OF THEIR

19:46 - GOVERNMENTS BACK IN AND LONDON

19:48 - AND PARIS.

19:50 - >>ANOTHER FACTOR TO CONSIDER

19:51 - TUESDAY, OHIO COMPANY, WE

19:53 - HAVEN'T REALLY TALKED MUCH

19:54 - ABOUT THEM. BUT A LAND COMPANY

19:57 - THAT WAS CREATED DINWIDDIE,

19:59 - ALONG WITH OTHER NOTABLES ARE

20:03 - INVOLVED THEY ARE INVESTORS IN

20:06 - THE OHIO COMPANY. SO THIS IS,

20:08 - YOU KNOW, THERE'S THEIR FUTURE

20:09 - PROFITS BEING GOBBLED UP BY THE

20:12 - FRENCH, THOUGH. AND THERE'S

20:14 - A LOT OF INVESTORS IN ENGLAND

20:15 - AS WELL. SO THE PUSH JUST AS AN

20:17 - DINWIDDIE, BUT IT'S OTHER FOLKS

20:19 - WHO, BUT LOU, FROM PROFITS IN

20:23 - THE WESTERN LANDS AS PEOPLE

20:25 - IMMIGRATE WEST.

20:27 - >>CERTAINLY A CONFLICT OF

20:28 - INTEREST BY TODAY'S STANDARDS.

20:30 - REALLY?

20:32 - THE WASHINGTON WASN'T ALONE.

20:33 - HE DID HAVE SOME INDIAN ALLIES

20:34 - WITH HIM. WHO ARE THOSE INDIAN

20:36 - ALLIES?

20:37 - >>WELL, THAT THE ONE THAT

20:38 - STANDS OUT FOR MOST OF THE

20:40 - GERMAN NAME. TENA TO HARRISON

20:41 - AND CANAL PERSON. HER DIFFERENT

20:43 - PRONUNCIATIONS WILL STICK WITH

20:45 - THE EASY ONE. THE HALF KING

20:47 - A GENTLEMAN IN HIS 50'S BY THIS

20:49 - POINT, WASHINGTON HAD MET HIM

20:51 - IN THE 17 53 TRIP, THE COMPANY

20:54 - INTO LAB OFF. I'M A STAUNCH

20:56 - ALLY TO WASHINGTON FACT.

20:59 - HE TELLS WASHINGTON HE HAS A

21:00 - HATRED OF THE FRENCH BECAUSE

21:02 - HE WAS ACTUALLY BORN A CUT

21:04 - HOBBIES FROM THE CAROLINAS.

21:06 - AND AS BILL, WHICH WAS ATTACKED

21:07 - BY THE FRENCH AND THEIR ALLIED

21:08 - INDIANS HIS FATHER WAS KILLED

21:11 - BORN EVEN BY THE FRENCH.

21:13 - AND THEN HE IS A CAPTIVE WAS

21:14 - TAKEN NORTH AND EVENTUALLY

21:15 - ADOPTED BY THE SENECA. SO THAT

21:17 - KIND OF PLAYS IN IMPORTANCE

21:20 - INTO MANIPULATING WASHINGTON

21:22 - BECAUSE THEY HAVE KING HAS AN

21:23 - AGENDA. NO DOUBT ABOUT IT.

21:27 - TO THAT. THAT.

21:29 - >>IT'S IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT

21:30 - IN 17 54, THE BRITISH COLONIES

21:34 - IN GENERAL ARE IN A DEER IN

21:37 - TERMS OF THEIR ABILITY TO TO

21:40 - ATTRACT IN THE END. ALLIES.

21:45 - >>BY BY THAT, THAT THAT YEAR.

21:48 - THE BRITISH COLONIES HAVE HAVE

21:49 - ALIENATED SO MANY NATIVE

21:52 - NATIONS, THE DELAWARE'S AND

21:54 - SHAWNEE'S, FOR EXAMPLE, THAT

21:57 - INHABITED THE OHIO VALLEY.

21:59 - AND THE 17 50'S THEY HAD BEEN

22:02 - ON THE RECEIVING END OF

22:05 - EXPANSION FROM THE BRITISH

22:06 - COLONIES, FRAUDULENT LAND DEALS

22:09 - ORCHESTRATED BY IT BY BRITISH

22:11 - COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS AND

22:14 - REALLY THE THESE OHIO EURO

22:16 - COIN. LED BY HALF KING. THIS

22:21 - IS THIS IS A VERY SMALL GROUP

22:22 - OF NATIVE SON, THE OHIO VALLEY

22:25 - AND YET THE BRITISH SEE THEM

22:26 - AS SOMEHOW THE LINCHPIN OF OF.

22:29 - >>THE WHOLE. THE WHOLE.

22:30 - >>INDIAN ALLIANCES OF THE DAY

22:32 - HIGH OHIO VALLEY. I WOULD

22:35 - DESCRIBE THE BRITISH OR THE

22:38 - VIRGINIAN RELATIONSHIP WITH

22:41 - THE OHIO YOUR WAY IN THE HALF,

22:42 - KING IS REALLY A CONVENIENT

22:44 - FICTION. NOW, THE BRITISH

22:46 - BELIEVE THAT. THAT THE HALF

22:48 - KING SOMEHOW IT IT IS IS

22:51 - CALLING THE SHOTS FOR ALL THESE

22:53 - OTHER NATIVE NATIONS IN THE

22:55 - OHIO VALLEY AND HE'S NOT.

22:57 - AND WHEN THE FRENCH ENTER THE

22:58 - REGION.

23:00 - THEY THEY REALLY DEMONSTRATE

23:01 - HOW HOLLOW TO HAVE KINGS

23:04 - AUTHORITY REALLY IS. WE TALK

23:07 - ABOUT WASHINGTON'S FIRST

23:09 - ARRIVAL HERE AT THE GREAT

23:10 - MEADOWS WHO'S WITH HIM AND WHAT

23:13 - TO DO IT.

23:14 - WELL, HE ARRIVES HERE AT THE

23:15 - GREAT MAD ABOUT THAT. THE 24TH

23:17 - OF MAY.

23:18 - >>17 54 IS 150 SOLDIERS WITH

23:21 - THEM. AT THIS POINT, THEY'VE

23:23 - BEEN MOST AT THIS 0.2 MONTHS,

23:26 - BUILDING THEIR ROAD. THE OTHER

23:28 - 3 REMAINING COMPANIES OF

23:29 - VIRGINIANS ARE FINISHING UP

23:31 - THEIR RECRUITING AND ON THE

23:33 - MARCH JOSIAH FRY IS ACTUALLY

23:35 - THE OVERALL COLONEL. HE'S

23:37 - LEADING THAT SECOND DETACHMENT

23:39 - AND THEN AS A DOCTOR, PRESTON

23:41 - ALLUDED TO, THERE WAS ALSO

23:43 - ADDITIONAL HELP COMING VARIOUS

23:45 - POINTS LIKE NEW YORK AND SOUTH

23:47 - CAROLINA. I'M THE ONLY ONE THAT

23:48 - WOULD COME IN TIME WOULD BE

23:50 - THE INDEPENDENT COMPANIES THAT

23:51 - SOUTH CAROLINA AND BY THIS

23:53 - POINT, THERE TIDEWATER,

23:55 - VIRGINIA, AGAIN MAKING THEIR

23:57 - WAY HERE TOWARDS THE GREAT

23:58 - MEADOWS WASHINGTON. WHEN HE

24:01 - DOES ARRIVE HERE BESIDES THIS

24:03 - WOULD BE A GOOD PLACE TO CAMP

24:04 - FOR A LITTLE BIT. WE HAVE TO

24:06 - REMEMBER LOGISTICAL NEEDS AMONG

24:08 - ARMY BACK THEN SERIES AT THE

24:10 - CENTER JUST ON THE BATTLE

24:12 - ITSELF. YOU KNOW, WE TAKE FOR

24:15 - GRANTED THE FACT THAT WE CAN

24:16 - EASILY ACQUIRE THINGS LIKE

24:17 - THAT, A CLEAN GLASS OF WATER

24:19 - FOOD SO FORTH

24:22 - IMAGINE TRYING TO DO THAT IN

24:24 - YOUR ANCESTOR. SHOES 250 YEARS

24:26 - AGO. SO WASHINGTON NOW HAS 150

24:29 - MEN THAT LOOKED TO HIM TO

24:30 - PROVIDE THEM WITH THEIR BASIC

24:32 - NEEDS. SO THE ARMY TRAVELS WITH

24:35 - ITS VENDOR. THIS CASE,

24:36 - WASHINGTON CATTLE WITHIN

24:37 - FORCES. AND THIS IS AN OASIS IN

24:40 - THE MIDST OF A DESERT RESORT

24:42 - LIVING OFF THE LAND. SO HERE

24:44 - THE ANIMALS CAN PASTOR ON THE

24:46 - GRASS OF A GOOD SOURCE OF WATER

24:48 - FOR BOTH THE ANIMALS AND THE

24:49 - MAN AND IT DOES OFFER SOME

24:51 - PROTECTION IT'S HARD TO BE

24:53 - AMBUSHED WHEN YOU'RE CAMPING IN

24:54 - THE MIDDLE OF THE MEADOW.

24:56 - SO THERE ARE SOME BENEFITS FOR

24:58 - WASHINGTON. THE CAMP HE REALLY

24:59 - WANTS TO BE HERE FOR A LITTLE

25:00 - BIT. BUT HE WOULD GET HIMSELF

25:02 - IN TROUBLE AS WE'LL SEE HERE

25:03 - IN OF THAT.

25:06 - >>AND I THINK LOGISTICS IS IS

25:07 - REALLY KEY. TO WE'RE FAIR AND

25:13 - 18TH CENTURY NORTH AMERICA,

25:16 - BOTH THE FRENCH AND THE BRITISH

25:18 - HAVE EXTREME DIFFICULTIES AND

25:22 - THEN OPERATING IN THIS

25:23 - ENVIRONMENT WITH JUST 6 FOR

25:25 - THE FRENCH IS EQUALLY DIFFICULT

25:28 - COMING DOWN. SOME OF THESE

25:29 - TREACHEROUS WATERWAYS, AN END,

25:32 - NARROW STREAMS AND PASSAGES.

25:34 - IT'S JUST AS DIFFICULT FOR THEM

25:36 - AS IT IS FOR THE BRITISH TO TO

25:38 - CARVE OUT MILITARY ROADS ACROSS

25:41 - THE RUGGED APPALACHIAN

25:42 - MOUNTAINS. THE FRENCH OR BASED

25:45 - OUT OF FORT DUQUESNE. TODAY'S

25:46 - PITTSBURGH TODAY KNOW THAT

25:48 - WASHINGTON AND SUCH A

25:49 - TREMENDOUS BRITISH FORCES IN

25:50 - THE IN THE AREA.

25:52 - >>THEY THEY KNOW THAT THERE'S

25:54 - BRITISH ON THE BUT THEIR

25:56 - INTELLIGENCE NETWORK IS NOT.

25:58 - IT'S NOT THERE YET. THEY STILL

26:00 - HAVEN'T GOTTEN THE FULL TRUST

26:02 - OF THE LOCAL NATIVE PEOPLES

26:04 - THAT ARE LIVING HERE. AND I

26:06 - THINK THAT WOULD GET HIM IN

26:06 - TROUBLE WHEN THEY DO SEND OUT

26:09 - A DIPLOMATIC MISSION IN MAY

26:12 - TO FIND THE FIRST ENGLISH

26:14 - OFFICER THEY ENCOUNTER THAT

26:15 - DELIVER. SOME IS TO SAY YOU'RE

26:16 - TRESPASSING ON PRIVATE LAND.

26:18 - WE NEED TO GO. SO THEY THEY

26:20 - KNOW THERE'S.

26:22 - SOMEONE OUT THERE JUST DON'T

26:23 - KNOW EXACTLY WHERE. THAT STIRS

26:26 - UP TROUBLE.

26:27 - >>CAN WE TALK ABOUT THAT

26:28 - DIPLOMATIC MISSION? YOU JUST

26:29 - MENTIONED. COUNTRY KERR WHO WAS

26:32 - THE COMMANDER AT FORT DUQUESNE

26:35 - WOULD SEND OUT A 35 MAN PATROL

26:38 - LED BY AND SON JOSEPH CURL INTO

26:40 - THE ASIAN WOULD BE THOSE THAT

26:44 - PARTY. IT IS INTERESTING THAT

26:45 - IT'S NOT CONSIST OF ANY NATIVE

26:47 - PEOPLES. AGAIN, PROVING THE

26:48 - POINT YET TO GET THE TRUST OF

26:51 - THE LOCAL FOLKS IT'S MADE UP OF

26:54 - MARINES AND

26:56 - >>MILITIA UNITS KIND OF

26:59 - STUMBLING THEIR WAY ON THE PAST

27:01 - IT'S INTERESTING THEY FIND THEM

27:03 - THE GUESTS PLANTATION, WHICH IS

27:05 - ABOUT 13 MILES FROM HERE.

27:07 - ONE OF THE THIS A FEW SMALL

27:09 - SETTLEMENTS THAT EXISTED HERE

27:10 - ON THE FRONT HERE. THEY STIR

27:12 - UP SOME TROUBLE THERE WHICH

27:14 - SHOW SENDS ALARM, SAYS RIPPLES

27:17 - THROUGH HERE TO WASHINGTON IS

27:18 - CAMP THROUGH EYES. INDIA NOW

27:20 - HAS AND START DIVIDING UP HIS

27:23 - ARMY TRYING TO FIND WHERE THESE

27:25 - FRENCH ARE.

27:30 - >>ANOTHER FOLLOW-UP TO BRIAN'S

27:32 - COMMENTS. WOULD BE HOW HOW

27:35 - DIFFICULT IT IS IN THE 18TH

27:37 - CENTURY TO GAIN.

27:39 - ACCURATE MILITARY INTELLIGENCE

27:42 - AND WASHINGTON. FOR HIS PART

27:45 - DURING THIS. THIS TIME PERIOD,

27:49 - HE DILIGENTLY.

27:52 - USING NATIVE ALLIES TO GO OUT

27:55 - AND GATHER INFORMATION AND HE

27:57 - HAS TO SET ALL SORTS OF REPORTS

27:59 - THAT ARE COMING TO HIM IN THE

28:01 - FORM OF OF TRADERS.

28:05 - IN THE FORM OF REPORTS THAT

28:08 - THAT THAT HIS NATIVE ALLIES

28:10 - BRING BACK AND THERE AT TIMES

28:12 - THERE THERE REPORTS OF MULTIPLE

28:14 - FRENCH PARTIES. THAT ARE ARE

28:16 - COMING HIS WAY. NOT JUST ONE

28:18 - AND AGAIN, WASHINGTON IS

28:20 - PROCESSING THIS ALL IN THE

28:21 - CONTEXT OF AN EXTREMELY

28:24 - HOSTILE.

28:26 - CEDAR OPERATION THAT THE

28:28 - CONDUCTED IN 17. 54. IN IN

28:32 - CAPTURING TRANSPORT. HE DOES

28:34 - FIND EVENTUALLY THE FRENCH

28:37 - PARTY HE'S LOOKING FOR. AND

28:39 - THAT'S A PRETTY BIG DEAL.

28:40 - SO WE TALK ABOUT WHAT HAPPENS

28:41 - JUST UP THE STREET FROM US

28:42 - HERE.

28:44 - >>THE MONDALE FAIR MAY 28TH IS

28:46 - STILL DEBATED BY HISTORIANS TO

28:48 - THIS DAY. AND THERE'S ALWAYS

28:50 - NEW BITS AND PIECES OF

28:52 - INFORMATION THAT COME OUT BUT

28:55 - TO ME, THE THE MOST TELLING

28:56 - THING, THE ONE THAT FREQUENTLY

28:58 - SHOWS UP AND IT MAKES A LOT

29:00 - OF SENSE AS TO WHY WASHINGTON

29:03 - WOULD DECIDE TO STRIKE THE

29:04 - FRENCH. AND THAT'S THE KEY

29:06 - UNDERSTANDING THAT WASHINGTON

29:07 - WHEN HE FINALLY GETS WORD AT

29:09 - THE HALF, KING IS FOUND WHERE

29:10 - THE FRENCH ARE BUT THAT POINT

29:12 - HE HAD SENT OUT A PATROL OF

29:15 - ABOUT 40 PLUS MAN. WHEN WORD

29:18 - COMES THAT WILL WE ACTUALLY

29:19 - KNOW WHERE THEY'RE AT NOW?

29:21 - HE TAKES 40 MORE MEN OUT ON

29:22 - THE EVENING OF THE 27TH OF MAY

29:25 - DESCRIBES THE TRIP IS DARK

29:27 - PAST. THEY LOSE THEIR WAY 7 OF

29:31 - THE MEN GET LOST. SO WE ONLY

29:33 - SHOWS UP WITH ABOUT 33 MEN AT

29:35 - THE HALF KINGS CAMP ABOUT A

29:37 - MILE FROM WHERE THE FRENCH ARE.

29:39 - AND AS I MENTIONED, THEY DECIDE

29:40 - TO STRIKE THE FRENCH. THEY'RE

29:42 - NOT COMING TO TALK. LET'S HAVE

29:44 - BREAKFAST OR WHATEVER. THEY'RE

29:45 - GOING TO STRIKE THEM. AND WHEN

29:48 - I MENTION IS THE KEY TO THIS

29:50 - IS IN SEVERAL TIMES AND SEVERAL

29:52 - COUNTS OF TALKS ABOUT HOW

29:54 - WASHINGTON IS COMING TO PROTECT

29:56 - THE HALF. HALF KING KIND OF

29:59 - EXPRESSED THAT THE FRENCH WERE

30:00 - COMING TO KILL HIM AND DESTROY

30:02 - HIS FAMILY. SO WASHINGTON AND

30:05 - PART OF HIS ORDERS IS MAKE SURE

30:07 - YOU TAKE CARE OF HER AND IN

30:08 - OUR LIVES. WE NEED THEM IN THE

30:09 - COMING FIGHT. DO NOT ANGER

30:12 - THEM, UPSET THEM IN ANY WAY.

30:14 - SO I THINK THIS FACTORS INTO

30:15 - WASHINGTON'S THINKING TALK TO

30:18 - THE BEST I CAN FOR MY NATIVE

30:19 - ALLIES AND SO WHEN THEY DECIDE

30:22 - TO STRIKE THE FRENCH AT 7

30:24 - O'CLOCK IN THE MORNING IS THE

30:25 - BEST ESTIMATES THEY FIND THE

30:27 - FRENCH IN 8 LOW DARK WERE BEING

30:29 - JUST AWFUL. THE WASHINGTON

30:32 - STARTING TO CONSTRUCT WHO FIRED

30:35 - THE FIRST SHOT. WE DO NOW

30:38 - THERE'S A VERY INTERESTING

30:40 - ACCOUNT. THE HOLE. ALL RIGHT.

30:41 - DOCTOR PRESTON, TALK ABOUT THAT

30:43 - BECAUSE IT'S A

30:44 - IT ANSWER SO MANY QUESTIONS AND

30:46 - I CAN EVERY TIME I READ IT,

30:48 - I ACTUALLY I COULD SEE IT

30:50 - ACTUALLY HAPPENING. IT'S IT'S

30:53 - VERY REAL IN THAT REGARD.

30:54 - BUT IN THAT 15 MINUTE SKIRMISH,

30:56 - WASHINGTON WOULD BE SUCCESSFUL.

30:58 - THIS FIRST GRADE VICTORY YOU

31:00 - KILL OR CAPTURE ALL. BUT ONE OF

31:02 - THOSE FRESHMAN. I'LL LET DOCTOR

31:05 - PRESTON CARRY ON FROM HERE

31:07 - BECAUSE IT'S IS TRULY THE ONE

31:08 - WHO'S WE DISCOVERED THIS THIS

31:10 - GREAT A COW IS BROUGHT TO LIFE.

31:14 - >>WASHINGTON'S FIRST MILITARY

31:17 - ACTION, AN AMBUSH COORDINATED

31:20 - WITH NATIVE ALLIES.

31:23 - AND THAT'S THAT'S A REALLY

31:24 - REMARKABLE DEMONSTRATION, I

31:26 - THINK OF WASHINGTON'S ABILITY

31:31 - TO FIGHT. HE'S HE'S HE'S

31:33 - BEGINNING TO LEARN TO TO FIGHT

31:36 - IN THE INDIAN FASHION, AS HE

31:37 - SEE SOMETIMES CALLED IT.

31:40 - AND IT'S CLEAR THAT THIS THIS

31:42 - AMBUSH WAS THE PROCESS OF OF

31:45 - OF MUTUAL COUNCIL AND CONSENT.

31:50 - THE DOCUMENT THAT I I FOUND

31:53 - IN THE UK NATIONAL ARCHIVES.

31:56 - WHEN I WAS RESEARCHING MY BOOK

31:57 - ON PRODUCTS, DEFEAT, IT WAS

31:59 - A THERE WAS AN OF AN OHIO.

32:03 - YOU'RE A QUAD LAWYER WHO FIRED

32:05 - AT THE GYM ON BILL AFFAIR AND

32:07 - IT WAS IT WAS HIS TESTIMONY.

32:10 - OF WHAT HAD HAPPENED AND IT

32:12 - WAS RECORDED BY BY BRITISH

32:14 - OFFICERS THE INDEPENDENT

32:16 - COMPANIES THAT AND ALSO FIND IT

32:19 - AT FORT NECESSITY. AND IT DATES

32:21 - TO OCTOBER 17. 54. SO IT'S IT'S

32:24 - A IT'S AN ACCOUNT RECORDED JUST

32:26 - A FEW MONTHS AFTER. AND THAT

32:28 - THE MODEL AFFAIR. BUT I THINK

32:31 - THERE THERE, TOO. CRUCIAL

32:33 - DETAILS THAT IT PROVIDES IT

32:35 - IT FIRST OF ALL, SUGGESTS THE

32:39 - TACTICS THAT THE THE VIRGINIAN

32:43 - ZAHN, THE THE NATIVES USED

32:46 - ACCORDING TO THIS, THIS OHIO,

32:48 - OHIO, YOU'RE A QUAD LAWYER

32:51 - THE INDIANS ESSENTIALLY TOLD

32:53 - WASHINGTON TOO, TO GO OVER THE

32:55 - HILL. TOTALLY, NOT JUST THE

32:57 - TERRAIN THERE TODAY AND THAT HE

32:59 - WOULD FIND THE FRENCH AND CAMP

33:01 - THERE

33:05 - 2, 2 DIVISIONS OF OF INDIAN

33:08 - WARRIORS WOULD WOULD SURROUND

33:10 - THE FRENCH ENCAMPMENT FROM FROM

33:12 - BOTH SIDES, A FLANKING MANEUVER

33:15 - TO 2 AND ALL OF THEM. THE OTHER

33:18 - TO THE OTHER INTERESTING DETAIL

33:20 - THAT COMES OUT, IS IT IT MAKES

33:22 - CLEAR THAT THAT WASHINGTON

33:25 - PERHAPS LITERALLY FIRED THE

33:27 - FIRST SHOT OF THE SKIRMISH AND

33:29 - THE THE ACCOUNT LITERALLY SAYS.

33:32 - THAT WASHINGTON BEGUN HIMSELF

33:35 - AND FIRED AND THEN HIS PEOPLE.

33:38 - AND SO PERHAPS WASHINGTON

33:40 - ARRIVING AT THAT LEGEND LOOKING

33:41 - UP ON THE FRENCH AND KIM AND

33:43 - BELOW PERHAPS THE FIRES THAT

33:45 - SHOT IS A SIGNAL TO HIS MEN

33:47 - TO COMMENCE FIRING. PERHAPS HE

33:50 - AS HE IS HE RELATED AND HIS

33:52 - ACCOUNT IN HIS DEFENSE. PERHAPS

33:54 - HE SAW THE FRENCH SCRAMBLING

33:56 - FOR THEIR WEAPONS DOWN IN THE

33:58 - RAVINE. THE LOW AND ASSUME THAT

34:01 - THAT THIS THIS THIS PARTY WAS

34:03 - INDEED A HOSTILE PARTY COMING

34:07 - COMING AFTER HIM.

34:08 - >>YEAH, I THINK THE INTERESTING

34:10 - PART OF THE ACCOUNT WHICH SHOWS

34:12 - HOW LACK OF EXPERIENCE THE

34:15 - SOLDIERS HAD WAS THAT THE THE

34:18 - ONE THE TOUTING THAT THE

34:19 - BRITISH HAD WAS CAUSED BY

34:21 - FRIENDLY WELL, IMAGINE THESE

34:24 - GUYS RUNNING THERE AND ONE GUY

34:26 - GETTING AHEAD OF ANOTHER LONG.

34:27 - OTHER ONE FIRED. THERE MUST

34:28 - GET IN KILLED ONE OF HIS FELLOW

34:29 - SOLDIERS. BUT AS THE ACTION

34:32 - PROGRESSED. IT'S IT SOUNDS LIKE

34:35 - THE THE FRENCH TRIED TO RETURN

34:37 - FIRE IN THE BEST MANNER THEY

34:38 - CAN. AND THEN AGAIN, TRY TO

34:40 - ESCAPE DOWN THE VALLEY WHERE

34:42 - THEY ENCOUNTER THE NATIVE

34:43 - AMERICANS AND THEN MOVES LIKE

34:45 - A PINBALL. THEY COME RUNNING

34:47 - BACK IN THE COUNT OF THE OTHER

34:48 - NATIVE AMERICAN GROUP AT THIS

34:50 - POINT, THEN THEY BEGIN

34:51 - SURRENDER. IT. WE HAVE SEVERAL

34:53 - COUNTS OF TALK ABOUT THAT.

34:55 - THAT COME ON, BILL, THEIR

34:56 - COMMANDER WAS WOUNDED THEY HAVE

35:00 - KING WOULD WALK UP TO HIM AND

35:01 - SAY IN FRENCH, TONY PALM COMO

35:04 - PUMP OUT NOW ARE NOT YET THAT

35:05 - MY FATHER AND SYMBOLICALLY I'M

35:07 - PUTTING INTO HIS FATHER, YOU

35:09 - WOULD BASICALLY BASH HIM IN

35:11 - THE HEAD AND SCALP THEM AND

35:12 - TAKE IT AS A TROPHY WOULD END

35:16 - UP A BIT KILLING 13 AT THE

35:18 - FRENCH. THE REST BEING TAKEN

35:20 - PRISONER WITH THE EXCEPTION

35:22 - OF ONE, THERE'S ALWAYS SOMEONE

35:23 - HAS PLAYED A ROLE THAT ADULT

35:24 - MALE IT WAS A CANADIAN WHO WAS

35:27 - POSSIBLY AWAY FROM THE CAMP

35:29 - AND HE WOULD ACTUALLY RUN BACK

35:30 - TO 40 CAME WITH HIS SIDE OF

35:32 - THE STORY. THE FRENCH ACCOUNTS

35:34 - ARE ARE INTERESTING TO YOU

35:35 - ALMOST WONDER IF ONE, YOU KNOW,

35:37 - IF HE ACTUALLY SAW ANYTHING

35:39 - AS HE DESCRIBES IT IN THE

35:40 - FIGHTING, THE BRITISH FIRED

35:42 - A VOLLEY. AND MONDALE CAME OUT

35:45 - THAT I HAVE SOMETHING TO READ

35:46 - TO. YOU AGAIN, READING THE

35:47 - SUMMONS AND THEN THERE WAS

35:49 - ANOTHER VOLLEY THAT KILLED HIM.

35:50 - SO THAT'S HOW THE FRENCH POP.

35:52 - AGAIN, THIS WOULD TELL THE

35:53 - STORY AND AND THEIR REVENGE

35:57 - ATTACK HERE ON FORM FOR

35:59 - ASSESSMENT. HOW DO THE FRENCH

36:01 - RESPOND TO

36:01 - THOSE EVENTS? I'M VERY UPSET.

36:05 - THEY FEEL THEY'RE PLAYING THE

36:06 - ROLE OF A DIPLOMAT BY JUST

36:10 - RETURNING THE FAVOR WASHING HAD

36:11 - DONE A YEAR EARLIER, THOUGH,

36:14 - WASHINGTON WAS QUESTION WHY

36:16 - SUCH A LARGE PATROL? 35 MEN

36:19 - HIDING A LOW DARK PLACE AND

36:21 - SO FORTH. BUT THE FRENCH AGAIN,

36:24 - GETTING THOSE ACCOUNTS OUT,

36:26 - THEIR TROUBLE WAS TRYING TO GET

36:28 - THE MAN POWER NECESSARILY.

36:30 - ALWAYS THINK THERE'S A LOT OF

36:32 - FRENCH HERE IN WESTERN

36:33 - PENNSYLVANIA ARE VARIOUS FORTS,

36:35 - BUT THEIR NUMBERS WERE QUITE

36:36 - SMALL. AND YES, WE HAD A LARGE

36:37 - FORCE IN APRIL 17. 54, THE KIND

36:40 - OF SWEPT THROUGH THE VALLEY

36:41 - AND BUILT THE FORT'S. BUT THE

36:43 - MADE UP OF ALICIA IN SOME

36:44 - RESPECT AND A LOT OF THAT

36:46 - MILITIA BECOMING GO LIKE THE

36:48 - WIND. SO IT TAKES A WHILE FOR

36:50 - THE FRENCH TO KIND OF BRING

36:51 - THE FORCES TOGETHER. A LOT OF

36:53 - THEIR FORTS WERE MANNED BY AS

36:54 - FEW AS 12 OR 15 SOLDIERS.

36:57 - SO TO THEY CAN GET THAT

36:58 - TOGETHER. PLUS, THE FACT THAT

36:59 - THEY NEED TO BRING THEIR NATIVE

37:00 - ALLIES FROM A GREAT DISTANCE

37:02 - AGAIN BECAUSE THEY HAVEN'T YET

37:04 - TO REALLY COLD LAST. THE

37:05 - ALLIANCE IS HERE THEY HAVE TO

37:07 - BRING THEIR THEIR FRIENDS FROM

37:08 - THE SAINT LAWRENCE RIVER

37:09 - VALLEY, THE UPPER GREAT AGAIN,

37:12 - WITH TRAVEL NEARLY 1000 MILES

37:14 - TO PARTICIPATE IN THIS

37:15 - CAMPAIGN. NOW WE DO HAVE A 4TH

37:18 - BEHIND US AND THERE'S A REASON

37:20 - FOR WHAT IS GEORGE WASHINGTON

37:22 - DO?

37:22 - >>AFTER THE EVENT IS YOUR MOM

37:23 - GO? WELL WHEN HE RETURNS HERE

37:25 - TO THE GREAT IT'S INTERESTING.

37:27 - HE SOME LETTERS, NAMELY TO HIS

37:29 - SUPERIORS DESCRIBING WHAT

37:31 - HAPPENS AND IT'S FUNNY. ONE

37:33 - GAME WHEN HE FINALLY GETS A

37:34 - HOLD OF THE LETTER, A YES OR

37:36 - SUPPORT FOR A RIGHT TO HIS

37:37 - SUPERIORS. HE BASICALLY SAYS,

37:39 - WELL, WASHINGTON WAS SUPPORTING

37:40 - THE INDIANS AND THEIR AGAIN,

37:42 - THEY'RE TREADING A FINE LINE

37:45 - WHO'S GOING TO BE RESPONSIBLE

37:46 - FOR WHAT HAPPENED HERE. BUT

37:49 - REALIZING THAT YOU MIGHT

37:50 - ACTUALLY HAVE TO FIGHT A BATTLE

37:51 - HERE. WHAT RIGHT WITH NATURE'S

37:53 - ASSISTANCE I'VE BEEN PROVIDED

37:54 - WITH NATURAL ENTRENCHMENT.

37:56 - WHAT HE WAS TALKING ABOUT WITH

37:57 - THE CREEK BEDS BETTER HERE IN

37:59 - THIS BALLOT BEHIND ME IS INDIAN

38:01 - RON FLOWS INTO GREAT MEADOW AND

38:03 - THAT'S A LARGE TO THE MIDDLE OF

38:05 - THE MEADOW. HE HAS THE MAIN

38:06 - CLEAR UP THE SMALL BRUSH AND

38:08 - TREES ALONG THE STREAM BANK.

38:10 - AND IF THEY ARE ATTACKED,

38:11 - THEY'RE GOING TO DIVE INTO THIS

38:12 - CREEK BETS. NOW, I KNOW BEHIND

38:14 - ME ACTUALLY SEE THEY WHAT'S

38:16 - THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE FOR

38:18 - ITSELF? AND PEOPLE SAY, WELL,

38:19 - WHY DIDN'T THEY JUST USE THAT?

38:21 - WHY ARE THEY USING THE CREEK

38:22 - BEDS? WASHINGTON HAS BAGS OF

38:24 - FLOUR CORNMEAL GUN POWDER.

38:26 - RAHM AND PERISHABLE SUPPLIES.

38:28 - HE WANTS TO GET UNDER A ROOF OF

38:30 - SOME SORT. HE FIGURES HE'S

38:31 - GOING TO BE HERE A LITTLE BIT

38:32 - LONGER. HOPEFULLY HAS

38:34 - REINFORCEMENTS OR RIGHT BEFORE

38:36 - THE FRENCH DO SAYS THE MAN

38:37 - CONSTRUCT THE CABIN SO NEVER

38:39 - SERVED AS A BARRACKS OR OFFICE.

38:42 - WASHINGTON SHARES A PROBLEM

38:43 - THAT STILL EXIST TODAY. PEOPLE

38:45 - GENERALLY DON'T PLAY WELL WITH

38:46 - GUN POWDER. ROB. SO WHAT IS HE

38:48 - BUILT AROUND HIS SUPPLY TO KEEP

38:50 - THIS MAN FROM RAIDING THEIR

38:51 - OWN? SO STORES, THE BILLS, THE

38:53 - STOCK HIT. SO WASN'T DESIGNED

38:55 - FOR THE 150 SOLDIERS. HE AT

38:57 - THE TIME THEY HIDE BEHIND THE

38:58 - STOCKADE AND FIGHT THEIR BATH.

39:00 - THEY WOULD HAVE DONE IT FROM

39:01 - THE CREEK BEDS BY THE FIRST

39:03 - WEEK OF JUNE. THE CABIN IN

39:04 - STOCK LATER COMPLETED IT.

39:06 - AND WASHINGTON AWAITS THE

39:07 - ARRIVAL OF THE FRENCH.

39:10 - BY THE SECOND WEEK OF JUNE.

39:11 - STILL NO FRENCH, BUT THE

39:13 - REINFORCEMENTS FINALLY ARRIVED.

39:15 - ANOTHER 150 FOR VIRGINIANS.

39:17 - THE 3 OTHER COMPANIES THAT WERE

39:18 - PROMISED ALONG WITH THE SLOGANS

39:20 - AND OTHER SUPPLIES AND THEN

39:22 - 100 PROFESSIONAL SOLDIERS AND

39:23 - HIS MAJESTY'S INDEPENDENT

39:24 - COMPANIES OF SOUTH CAROLINA.

39:26 - SO WATCHING NOW IS UPWARDS OF

39:28 - 400 MEN AND HE FEELS CONFIDENT

39:30 - ENOUGH THAT HE COULD FIGHT A

39:31 - BATTLE HERE. BUT HE ALSO HAS

39:33 - THAT MISSION OF BUILDING THE

39:34 - ROAD. BUT THEN HE STARTS

39:36 - ANOTHER FIGHT HERE. IT'S NOT

39:38 - WITH THE FRENCH ITS LOT WITH

39:39 - THE NATIVES. IT'S ACTUALLY WITH

39:40 - THE SOUTH CAROLINIANS, THE

39:42 - COMMANDER OF THE SOUTH

39:43 - CAROLINIANS AS CAPTAIN JAMES

39:45 - MCKAY, A VETERAN OF MANY YEARS

39:47 - BACK. HE HAS EXPERIENCE IN

39:49 - OGLETHORPE REGIMENT DOWN IN

39:52 - GEORGIA DURING THAT PERIOD AND

39:56 - HE BEGINS BOSSING. WELL, KYRA,

39:58 - AROUND AND MCKAY, EVEN THOUGH

40:00 - HE'S A CAPTAIN'S COMMISSION,

40:01 - WASHINGTON IS COLONEL. MCKAY

40:04 - IS COMES FROM THE KIT.

40:05 - WASHINGTON AS A PROVINCIAL

40:06 - COMMISSION. REGULARS ARE

40:08 - RAIDERS, PROVINCIAL OR

40:09 - PROVINCIAL YS. SO WASHING

40:10 - STARTS BOSSING THEM AROUND.

40:12 - HE SAYS I WANT THE FALL COLORS.

40:14 - I'M NOT GOING TO SET MY CAMP

40:16 - OVER. I WANT AND I HAVE

40:18 - DIFFERENT PASSWORDS.

40:20 - WATCH US AS WELL. COULD YOUR

40:21 - MEN LEAST HELPED BUILD THE

40:22 - REST? KAI SAYS SURE, BUT YOU

40:25 - HAVE TO ENGAGE HIM FOR EXTRA

40:26 - MONEY BECAUSE THAT'S NOT

40:27 - SOLDIERS. SO THERE'S A LOT OF

40:29 - FRUSTRATIONS LIKE YOU'RE HERE

40:31 - TO HELP ME. BUT YOU REALLY

40:32 - DON'T WANT TO HELP. THERE'S

40:34 - A KEY MOMENT. I I THINK IT'S

40:35 - KIND OF AMUSING. IT'S SAD.

40:37 - BUT SOME USING WHEN WASHINGTON

40:38 - FALLING AND FRUSTRATION WRITES

40:40 - A LONG LETTER, 2, HE'S A

40:42 - GOVERNOR EXPLAINING THAT THE

40:43 - THE IRRITATION BETWEEN THEM

40:45 - AND THE CAUSE AND HE SAYS, YOU

40:47 - KNOW, MY POOR FELLOWS WILL HAVE

40:49 - ALL THE CREDIT AS NONE OTHERS

40:51 - HAVE ASSISTANT. WE'RE GOING

40:52 - TO BUILD THIS ROAD. AND THEN

40:54 - AS THEY ARE MARCHING OUT, ONE

40:55 - OF THE WHEELS FALLS OFF THE

40:56 - WAGON. SOME I'M SURE MCKAY,

40:58 - THIS GUYS WERE LAUGHING LIKE,

40:59 - YEAH, THESE THESE GUYS ARE THE

41:01 - REAL PROFESSIONALS. SO

41:03 - >>I THINK WE CAN PICK UP THE

41:04 - THE FRENCH SIDE OF THE STORY

41:06 - WITH THE PERSON. LOUIS KOO

41:09 - LAWNS AFFILIATE, WHO WAS THE

41:11 - BROTHER OF THE DECEASED.

41:13 - AND SOME JUMANJI.

41:16 - LOUIS KOO LOT OF WAS ACTUALLY

41:18 - MAKING HIS WAY FROM FROM CANADA

41:20 - DOWN TO FORT DUQUESNE. AND SO

41:24 - LATE JUNE OF 17, 54 CAPTAIN

41:27 - KHAN TRICK OR THE COMMANDER

41:28 - FORT DUQUESNE HAS ORGANIZED A A

41:31 - LARGE PARTY OF 600 FRENCH.

41:37 - TO GO OUT.

41:39 - SEARCH FOR AND DESTROY

41:40 - WASHINGTON.

41:42 - THIS LARGE FRENCH PARTY WILL

41:44 - BE ACCOMPANIED BY ABOUT 100.

41:47 - INDIA NOW HAS AN AND MOST OF

41:49 - THOSE ALLIES AGAIN ARE COMING

41:50 - FROM THE SAINT LAWRENCE VALLEY.

41:56 - THEY COME DOWN THE MONONGAHELA.

41:59 - AND THEN THEY ADVANCE CHESTNUT

42:02 - RIDGE THEY ARE SENDING OUT

42:05 - SCOUTING THE PARTIES TO FIND

42:08 - AND LOCATE WASHINGTON. THEY

42:12 - ALSO FIND

42:14 - THE THE THE SITE OF THE THE

42:17 - AMBUSH. AND

42:20 - LOUIS, A COOL ON THE WE'LL

42:22 - WE'LL SEE WHERE HIS BROTHER

42:24 - WAS WAS KILLED

42:27 - AND THEN, OF COURSE TO, AS AS

42:29 - INTELLIGENCE REPORTS COME IN

42:30 - THERE, ABLE TO FIX THE

42:31 - LOCATION.

42:32 - >>OF WASHINGTON.

42:34 - >>NOW WE HAVE THE IMPORTANT

42:36 - PIECES IN PLACE. WASHINGTON

42:37 - OBVIOUSLY BEHIND US, THE FRENCH

42:39 - ON THEIR WAY. CAN WE BEGIN TO

42:41 - TALK ABOUT THE BATTLE OF FORT

42:42 - NECESSITY SHORT

42:45 - >>BY BY LATE JUNE, WASHINGTON

42:47 - HAD MOVED HIS HEADQUARTERS TO

42:48 - THE GUESTS. PLANTATION AND HE

42:50 - ACTUALLY HAD TROOPS THAT WERE

42:53 - ON THE BANKS ALONG THE WHOLE

42:54 - RIVER, HAD ACTUALLY SCATTERED

42:55 - AHEAD, HAD BEEN BUILDING THAT

42:57 - ROAD. BUT THEN HE RECEIVED

42:59 - INTELLIGENCE FROM HIS INDIAN

43:00 - ALLIES THAT THERE MIGHT BE 7900

43:03 - FRENCH AND INDIANS. A FORT

43:04 - BECAME PREPARING TO COME AFTER

43:06 - HIM BELIEVING THOSE NUMBERS.

43:08 - THE WITH 400 BEGINS RETREATING

43:12 - HE HOPES TO GET FAR ENOUGH

43:14 - AWAY. UNFORTUNATELY, THEY GET

43:16 - TO THE GUESTS PLANTATION THE

43:19 - THE SOUTH CAROLINIANS COME UP

43:20 - AND THEY ACTUALLY BUILT FOR

43:21 - THEIR HOG AND FORT. SO ACTUALLY

43:24 - WATCHING THOSE 2 FORTS DURING

43:25 - THIS CAMPAIGN THEY DECIDE IS

43:27 - WORKING TO FIGHT HER BATTLE,

43:28 - BUT THEIR COUNCIL WARD DECIDES

43:30 - IS MAYBE NOT THE BEST LOCATION.

43:32 - LET'S GET OVER CHESTNUT RIDGE.

43:33 - MAYBE THE FRENCH WILL CHASE US

43:34 - THIS FAR PERHAPS OR SUPPLIES

43:36 - WAITING FOR US AT FORT

43:38 - NECESSITY. SO WASHINGTON SENSES

43:40 - WAGONS AHEAD AND THEN INSTRUCTS

43:42 - THE WAGON YEARS. BRING WHAT

43:43 - SUPPLIES ARE THERE. BACK TO

43:45 - MY MAN. THE WAGNERS GET HERE.

43:48 - THERE ARE NO SUPPLIES AND LIKE

43:49 - GOOD WAGONEER IS THEY JUST SIT

43:50 - HERE AND WAIT. THEY DO COME

43:51 - BACK TO HELP WASHINGTON'S 13

43:54 - MILE RETREAT OVER CHESTNUT

43:56 - RIDGE DESTROYS HIS ARMY.

43:58 - THE MAN HAD BEEN WITHOUT

44:00 - ADEQUATE SALT FOR MOST 10 DAYS

44:02 - AT THIS POINT. THAT THEY IS

44:04 - JUST SLOWLY BREAKING DOWN WHEN

44:06 - THEY STAGGER INTO THIS MEADOW

44:07 - ON JULY. 1ST, WASHINGTON

44:09 - REALIZES HE COULD NOT PUSH THE

44:10 - ARMY ANY FURTHER TO HIS CREDIT

44:14 - ONE-FOURTH OF HIS MEN COLLAPSED

44:15 - FROM EXHAUSTION. HE COULD HAVE

44:17 - LEFT IN THERE AND CONTINUE HIS

44:18 - RETREAT WITH THOSE ARE ABLE TO

44:20 - BUT DECIDES YOU KNOW WHAT OUT

44:21 - OF NECESSITY. I WANT TO STAY

44:23 - HERE AND MAKE THE BEST OF THE

44:24 - SITUATION UNDERSTANDING THE

44:26 - CREEK BEDS WOULD NOT BE ENOUGH

44:28 - FOR THE 400 MEN. THE

44:29 - CONSTRUCTION OF THE BREAST FOR

44:31 - US TODAY. SEE HIM AS A KIND OF

44:33 - A LOOK. FULLY POLL, A LITTLE

44:34 - THE SHAPE MOUNDS THAT ARE JUST

44:36 - OUTSIDE THE STOCKADE. YOU NEED

44:38 - TO IMAGINE, THOUGH, AS LOG REST

44:41 - WORKS ACTUALLY BEGIN STACKING

44:42 - UP A LOT OF HYPE. THE MAN'S

44:44 - CHEST, 2 SECTIONS OF IT, OUR

44:47 - LONG ENOUGH TO CONCENTRATE

44:48 - FIRED 2 AREAS. WE'RE WATCHING.

44:50 - >>HAS SOME CONCERNS A MONTH

44:52 - EARLIER HE JOKINGLY SAID, I

44:54 - THINK YOU TYPICALLY SAID THIS

44:55 - WOULD BE A CHARMING FIELD FOR

44:56 - THE COUNTER. SO NEVER TOOK THIS

44:58 - SITUATION SERIOUSLY WHERE WE

45:00 - SHOULD HAVE CLEARED HIS FIELDS

45:01 - OF FIRE OUT. WELL, NOW IT'S

45:03 - REALLY GOING TO HAPPEN. AND

45:04 - THERE'S PLACES WHERE THE WOOD

45:05 - LINE COMES WITH A DEFECTIVE

45:06 - MUSKET RAGE. SO HE DOES

45:08 - POSITION THE BREAST WORKS TO

45:11 - FACE THOSE AREAS WHERE WE CAN

45:12 - CONCENTRATE AS FIRE. HENRI

45:14 - ASSUMES THE FRENCH ARE GOING TO

45:15 - FIRE ON THEM FROM BY THE

45:17 - MORNING OF JULY. 3RD, THEY ARE

45:19 - JUST FINISH THEM UP. ACTUALLY

45:20 - BEEN DOING ENTRENCHMENT SOME IN

45:23 - THE FRONT AND THE BACK. THE

45:24 - POWDER ON THE BREAST WORKS.

45:26 - WELL, THE FRENCH APPEAR BY 11

45:28 - O'CLOCK.

45:29 - FOLLOWING THE SCRIPT THAT

45:31 - WASHINGTON ASSUME THEY WOULD

45:33 - WOULD DIVIDE HAS MEANT UP AND

45:35 - SLOWLY AND CIRCA WASHING THE

45:37 - CAR OFF ANY MEANS OF RETREAT.

45:39 - HERE AND THEY SETTLE INTO THOSE

45:41 - AREAS WITH A TREE. LIKE COMES

45:43 - THE CLOSEST AND OVER THE COURSE

45:45 - OF 8 TO 9 HOURS, THEY WOULD

45:46 - EXCHANGE FIRE AND IT CERTAINLY

45:48 - WASN'T A NICE DAY. AS WE SEE

45:50 - TODAY, IT RAISED THEM. THEY

45:52 - DESCRIBE IT AS A DAY OF FOG.

45:55 - HEAVY MIST AND DRIZZLE

45:57 - OCCASIONAL DOWNPOURS. MAYBE

45:59 - A THUNDERSTORM THROWN IN FOR

46:00 - GOOD MEASURE. JUST NOT THE BEST

46:02 - CONDITIONS CONCERNING THE THE

46:04 - TECHNOLOGY THEY HAD BACK.

46:05 - THEN BLACK POWDER BE HIGH

46:07 - PATROLS IN MOISTURE USING

46:09 - FLINTLOCK WEAPONS TO IGNITE

46:11 - THAT POWDER. AND THE FACT THAT

46:13 - 3 QUARTERS, WASHINGTON MAN,

46:15 - OUR INEXPERIENCE, THOUGH

46:17 - WASHINGTON SOLDIERS, HE CALLED

46:18 - LOOSE IDOL MEN, DESTITUTE OF

46:20 - HOUSE AND HOME. JUST A NICE

46:22 - WAY OF BASICALLY SAYING THEY

46:23 - WERE HOMELESS PEOPLE WHO, YOU

46:25 - KNOW, WE'RE OFF OF THE CARROT

46:26 - ON THE STICK TO JOIN UP.

46:28 - YES, THEY WERE POSTING FRIDAY

46:29 - UNIFORM PROPER TRAINING, THEY

46:33 - WERE ALSO PROMISE 60 ACRES OF

46:35 - LAND AND THEIR SERVICE, WHICH

46:37 - WAS THE BARE MINIMUM TO BECOME

46:40 - A FREEHOLDER IN VIRGINIA.

46:41 - SO FOR SOMEONE WHO HAD NOTHING,

46:43 - ALL I DO IS BUILD A ROAD THAT

46:45 - ARE GIVEN A UNIFORM AND SO

46:46 - FORTH. BUT FROM THE GET GO,

46:48 - THERE WAS WASHINGTON WAS ALWAYS

46:50 - COMPLAIN ABOUT THE LACK OF

46:51 - UNIFORMS BEEN WINNING.

46:53 - FRUSTRATION SAYS TO WASHINGTON

46:55 - ON TIRED OF THESE LITTLE TIME

46:57 - COMPLAINTS BUY THE CHEAPEST

46:58 - COFFEE CAN FIND IT HAD THE

47:00 - MEANT. SO THE ROAD UNIFORMS.

47:01 - >>SO THE GET A SENSE OF WHAT IT

47:03 - WAS LIKE TO BE ONE OF THESE

47:04 - VIRGINIANS. I OFTEN ASK

47:06 - VISITORS TAKE WHAT YOU'RE

47:07 - WEARING TODAY IS THE ONLY THING

47:08 - YOU WORLD AND GO LIVE IN THE

47:10 - ALLEGHENIES. GO ON A CAMPING

47:11 - TRIP FOR 4 MONTHS IN THE

47:13 - CLOTHING YOU HAVE IMAGINE THE

47:15 - RIGORS OF CAMPAIGNING MARCHING

47:17 - DAY AND NIGHT.

47:18 - IF YOU HAD TENSE, MAYBE A

47:20 - BLANKET OR SO AND THEN AFTER

47:22 - THAT, AFTER FIGHTING 8 HOUR

47:23 - BATTLE WITH A WEAPON THAT

47:25 - YOU'RE NOT FAMILIAR WITH.

47:26 - SO THE THE BRUNT OF THE

47:28 - FIGHTING WAS PROBABLY TAKEN ON

47:29 - BY THE SOUTH CAROLINIANS.

47:31 - MANY OF THOSE MEN HAD

47:32 - EXPERIENCE. WE WOULD BASICALLY

47:35 - CALLED IN TO LOOK AT HOW YOUNG

47:36 - TODAY WERE GREAT FOR GARRISON

47:38 - DUTY. THEY HANDPICKED 100 OF

47:40 - THE BEST OF THE 300 FROM SOUTH

47:42 - CAROLINA TO WITHSTAND THE

47:44 - RIGORS OF THE CAMPAIGN AND OVER

47:46 - THE COURSE OF THOSE 8 HOURS,

47:47 - THE SIDES WOULD EXCHANGE FIRE

47:49 - THE FRENCH UNIONS JOCKEYING

47:51 - FOR THE BEST POSITION AND FOR

47:53 - THE FRENCH, IT'S FAIRLY EASY.

47:55 - YOU HAVE A TARGET, RICH I MEAN,

47:58 - YOU COULD BE THE BEST OVER THE

47:59 - WERE SHOT IN THE FRENCH ARMY

48:00 - AND YOU'RE GOING TO HIT THOUGH,

48:02 - FOR THE BRITISH. YOU'RE GETTING

48:04 - TRYING TO GET INDIVIDUAL

48:04 - TARGETS, PUFFS OF SMOKE AND THE

48:06 - CASUALTIES WOULD REFLECT THAT.

48:09 - IDEALLY A WOOD, RIGHT? HE WOULD

48:10 - HAVE 3 KILLED AND 17 WOUNDED.

48:12 - SOME SO SLIGHTLY. IT WOULD BE

48:14 - WORTH MENTIONING WASHINGTON BY

48:16 - THE TIME IT'S DONE WITH A 30

48:18 - DAY AND 71. SO ONE-FOURTH OF

48:20 - THIS MEASURE PASSES ONE OF THE

48:22 - INTERESTING

48:24 - >>ABOUT THE FRENCH VIEW, THIS

48:28 - IS THAT LOUIS TOO LONG TO IN

48:29 - HIS JOURNAL? WRITES THAT FORT

48:32 - NECESSITY WAS SOMEWHAT

48:35 - ADVANTAGEOUS. LEE SITUATED.

48:37 - AND I THINK THAT THAT'S A

48:38 - REALLY ONE CRUCIAL INSIGHT THAT

48:41 - CHALLENGE IS A LOT OF A LOT

48:43 - OF HISTORICAL PORTRAITS OF OF

48:46 - WASHINGTON HERE. SOMETIMES

48:48 - WASHINGTON GETS GETS PORTRAYED,

48:50 - AS YOU KNOW. THIS AGAIN, LIKE

48:52 - NAIVE INEXPERIENCE SKY WHO WHO

48:56 - BUILT A FORT RIGHT OUT IN THE

48:57 - MIDDLE OF A MEADOW AND DOESN'T

48:59 - DOESN'T GET THAT. HE SHOULD

49:01 - FIGHT INDIAN STYLE. HOWEVER.

49:04 - AS BRIAN ALLUDED TO,

49:07 - THIS, THIS DEFENSE IS ACTUALLY

49:09 - THAT THE BEST SITUATED FOR THE

49:11 - FOR THE KIND OF SOLDIERS THAT

49:13 - HE HAS. IT THE REALLY THE BEST

49:19 - POSSIBLE COURSE OF ACTION GIVEN

49:21 - THAT THE NATURE OF THE OF THE

49:23 - THREAT.

49:25 - BEST CASE SCENARIO IS THAT THE

49:27 - FRENCH DO TRY TO ATTACK IT HEAD

49:30 - ON.

49:33 - BUT I THINK THAT THAT'S THAT'S

49:34 - AN IMPORTANT NOTE THAT THAT

49:35 - WASHINGTON HERE IS NOT

49:39 - THIS THIS NAIVE PERSON WHO IS

49:41 - SIMPLY TRYING TO TO TRANSPLANT

49:43 - CAN CONVENTIONAL TACTICS INTO

49:45 - THE INTO THE THERE'S THERE'S

49:48 - SOME SOME REASON FOR FOR HIS

49:50 - HIS COURSE OF ACTION

49:53 - REALLY THE MOST IMPORTANT

49:54 - VARIABLE HERE IN MANY WAYS IS.

49:58 - FOR BOTH THE FRENCH AND THE

49:59 - BRITISH ARE THERE ARE THERE

50:01 - INDIAN ALLIES HERE BOTH BOTH

50:06 - THE FRENCH AND THE BRITISH NATO

50:08 - ALLIES REALLY LIMITED PATIENCE.

50:13 - WITH THIS TYPE OF ACTION.

50:16 - THEY ARE ARE HAVE NO INTEREST

50:18 - IN ANY TYPE OF ASSAULT ON A ON

50:21 - A FORT WHICH MIGHT MEAN LARGE

50:24 - NUMBERS OF CASUALTIES

50:30 - ON THE FRENCH SIDE. THERE ARE

50:32 - ROUGHLY 100 NATIVE ALLIES.

50:35 - WE ARE READY TO GIVE UP THIS

50:39 - FIGHT BY THE END OF THE DAY.

50:41 - AND THAT IS INDEED PART OF THE

50:43 - REASON WHY THE FRENCH CALL OUT

50:46 - TOWARDS THE END OF THE BATTLE

50:47 - REALLY ABLE TO PARLAY WHAT YOU

50:49 - LIKE TO DISCUSS TERMS IT'S IT'S

50:51 - REALLY BORN OUT OF A FRENCH

50:53 - DESPERATION THAT THEIR INTENT

50:54 - ALLIES ARE GOING TO BE GONE THE

50:56 - NEXT DAY CONVERSELY, FOR

50:58 - WASHINGTON.

51:00 - BY BY THE TIME OF THE BATTLE,

51:02 - HE'S CLEARLY HAD SOME TYPE OF

51:03 - DYSFUNCTION WITH HIS SMALL

51:05 - NUMBER OF OF OHIO YUROK WHILE

51:08 - LIES, WHICH LEADS TO TO 2 OF

51:11 - THEM IN PARTICULAR TO TO LEAVE

51:13 - BEHIND

51:15 - ACCOUNTS AND BRITISH SOURCES

51:17 - SAYING THAT THAT THAT

51:19 - WASHINGTON ESSENTIALLY RE

51:20 - REFUSED TO LISTEN TO THEIR

51:22 - ADVICE

51:24 - TENET, CHRISTEN DENOUNCES THE

51:27 - FORT AS THAT. THAT LITTLE THING

51:29 - IN THE MEADOW. BUT IT'S

51:31 - INTERESTING HELP. BOTH SIDES

51:32 - REALLY HAD TO DEAL WITH THEIR

51:35 - INDIAN ALLIES AS INDEPENDENT

51:36 - PLAYERS IN THE STORY.

51:39 - CAN WE TALK ABOUT THE TERMS

51:40 - OF WASHINGTON SURRENDER AND

51:42 - MAYBE WHAT THAT MEANS TO HIM

51:44 - LATER IN LIFE.

51:46 - AGAIN, ABOUT 8 O'CLOCK. THE

51:47 - FRENCH ARE IN SERIOUS TROUBLE.

51:49 - I WILL WE SEE IT FROM THE

51:50 - PERSPECTIVE THAT WASHINGTON

51:51 - TROUBLE.

51:52 - >>YES, HE IS THE HEAVIEST

51:53 - CASUALTIES AND HALF OF HER

51:55 - STILL ALIVE AND BROKE INTO THE

51:56 - ROOM AND GOT DRUNK. BUT THE

52:01 - LOOKING AT THE FACT THAT THERE

52:02 - ARE NEARLY OUT OF AMMUNITION

52:03 - AND FOOD AND THEY'RE COLD, WET,

52:04 - TIRED. SO DID HAS TO GET THIS

52:07 - THING WRAPPED UP AND SO WE GUYS

52:09 - OFFER GENEROUS TO CAPITULATE,

52:13 - FIGHT WASHINGTON DOES STALL

52:14 - FOR TIME. I TRUST THE FRENCH.

52:17 - WHY ARE THEY BEING SO GENEROUS?

52:20 - SO THE NEGOTIATIONS GO ON AND

52:21 - ON. FINALLY ABOUT MIDNIGHT,

52:23 - WASHINGTON COMES THE

52:24 - REALIZATION THAT

52:25 - >>THIS MIGHT BE THE BEST DEAL

52:26 - HAVE HE HIMSELF DOES NOT SPEAK

52:28 - OR WRITE FRENCH. SO WE REALIZE

52:30 - THAT ONLY 2 OF HIS OFFICERS

52:31 - AS INTERPRETERS AND THE BETTER

52:33 - OF THE 2 IS SERIOUSLY MOVE.

52:34 - IT. SO IT'S UP TO A MAN IN THE

52:36 - BOMB BOMB, AS YOU CAN GUESS BY

52:39 - THE DAY, MISS DUCH AND THE

52:41 - TRANSLATES FRENCH, THE DUTCH

52:42 - AND DUCKS TO A MORE SHOW.

52:43 - THERE'S ALWAYS SOMETHING LOST

52:45 - IN THE TRANSLATION

52:49 - I'M SURE WATCHING PRI ASKED A

52:50 - SIMPLE QUESTION. IF I SIGN UP

52:52 - AND GET OUT OF HERE ALIVE.

52:53 - SO THE CAPITULATION TO AGREE TO

52:56 - ABOUT MIDNIGHT THE FOLLOWING

52:58 - DAY, JULY 4TH, I'M NOT MUCH

53:00 - OF AN TO GEORGIA AT THIS POINT

53:02 - IN HIS LIFE THE 40'S FOR MY

53:04 - SURRENDER. HIS MEN WITH MARCH

53:06 - OUT OF HERE, THE FRESH TAKE

53:07 - POSSESSION OF THE FOR BURNING

53:09 - DOWN, DESTROY IT ONCE BACK IN

53:11 - WILLIAMSBURG, THOUGH,

53:12 - WASHINGTON GETS FULL DISCLOSURE

53:14 - WAYSIDE AND BESIDES GIVING HIM

53:17 - THE HONORS OF 4 WHERE THE MAIN

53:18 - COULD KEEP YOUR SMALL ARMS,

53:20 - PERSONAL BAGGAGE FLY THEIR

53:22 - FLAGS. IT ALSO WAS AN ADMISSION

53:24 - THAT WASHINGTON WAS THE

53:25 - ASSASSIN OF A FRENCH DIPLOMAT.

53:27 - COME ON, THOUGH, WHO AT A MONTH

53:30 - EARLIER HAVE BEEN KILLED WAS

53:31 - COMING TO DELIVER THAT SUMMIT.

53:33 - AND NOW HE'S DEAD AND THE

53:35 - FRENCH WANT TO BE ABLE TO

53:36 - JUSTIFY THE WORLD THAT THEY

53:38 - WERE CORRECT IN ATTACKING

53:39 - WASHINGTON OF FRENCH LAND.

53:41 - SO IT'S A DOUBLE VICTORY FOR

53:42 - THE FRENCH MILITARILY. THEY'RE

53:44 - SHOWING THEIR POWER HERE TO

53:46 - THEIR NATIVE ALLIES. YES, WE'RE

53:48 - THE ONES IN CONTROL AND THIS IS

53:50 - WHAT THEY'VE DONE. THEY'VE

53:51 - KILLED ONE OF OUR BROTHERS AND

53:53 - THIS OFFICER HAS ADMITTED TO

53:54 - IT. SO IN THE COURTS OF EUROPE,

53:57 - IT'S EMBARRASSING AND

54:00 - WASHINGTON DOES SOMETHING

54:03 - THAT'S NOT VERY NOBLE, BUT IT'S

54:04 - HUMAN. HE PASSES THE BALL.

54:06 - HE BLAMES HIS INTERPRETER, POOR

54:09 - FELLOW DOES SURVIVE THIS

54:10 - BATTLE. HE'S ONE OF 2 HOSTAGES.

54:12 - THE FRENCH TAKE TO GUARANTEE A

54:14 - PRISONER EXCHANGE. THE 21 THAT

54:16 - WERE TAKEN BY WASHINGTON MALL

54:18 - THAT POOR FELLOW SITTING AT

54:20 - 4 PK KNOW HE'S BEEN MADE A

54:21 - SCAPEGOAT ABOUT THE BATTLE FOR

54:22 - NECESSITIES. SO IT'S NOT A VERY

54:24 - GOOD BEGINNING FOR WASHINGTON.

54:27 - IT WOULD NOT HAUNT HIM FOR

54:28 - LONG, THOUGH. I ALWAYS I'D LIKE

54:30 - TO HAVE BEEN A FLY ON IN THE

54:32 - MARQUEE 10 AT YORK TOWN.

54:34 - ONE THE FRENCH OFFICERS THERE

54:36 - 70 WANTS IT ONTO. THAT'S CURRY,

54:38 - VIRGINIA. THAT STARTED TROUBLE

54:40 - DURING THE FRENCH IN THE WAR.

54:42 - SO IT DOESN'T HURT WASHINGTON'S

54:45 - CAREER. IT'S IT'S A BLACK MARK,

54:47 - BUT IT DOESN'T DEVASTATE HIM AS

54:49 - SOME. SOME FOLKS MIGHT AFFECT.

54:51 - >>AND IN ADDITION, SOMETHING

54:52 - ELSE THAT MAKES THIS SUCH A

54:54 - GREAT PROP PROPAGANDA QC

54:55 - OBSERVED THIS THAT THE FRENCH

54:58 - CAPTURE SOME OF WASHINGTON'S

55:00 - PAPERS, INCLUDING THE ROUGH

55:04 - JOURNAL THAT HE HAD BEEN

55:04 - KEEPING OF THIS THIS CAMPAIGN

55:07 - AND IT'S IT'S A IT'S VERY

55:08 - QUICKLY TRANSLATED INTO INTO

55:10 - FRENCH. IT GIVES THE GREAT

55:15 - INSIGHT ON 2 THE THE NATURE OF

55:18 - A BRITISH ALLIANCES WITH WITH

55:20 - THE OHIO, YOUR CLIENT

55:21 - PARTICULAR.

55:23 - AND IT'S ALSO INTERESTING THAT

55:25 - THE MARQUEE DUQUESNE.

55:27 - COMMENTS SPECIFICALLY ON ON

55:29 - WASHINGTON AFTER READING THIS

55:31 - JOURNAL AND HE USES ADJECTIVES

55:34 - LIKE CLEVER.

55:36 - CRAFTY, TREACHEROUS TO DESCRIBE

55:38 - WASHINGTON. AND AGAIN, THOSE

55:40 - ARE THOSE ARE CONVERSE.

55:42 - 2, THE PORTRAIT OF WASHINGTON

55:45 - THAT WE OFTEN RECEIVE IN IN

55:47 - HISTORY'S TODAY THAT THIS AGAIN

55:49 - WAS A IT WAS A NAIVE BUNGLING

55:52 - INDIVIDUAL WHO WHO WAS AN

55:54 - EXPERIENCE TO KNOW WHAT HE WAS

55:55 - DOING THAT THE GOVERNOR GENERAL

55:58 - OF NEW FRANCE.

55:59 - >>CAN CLASSIFY WASHINGTON AS

56:01 - CLEVER AND CRAFTY IN HIS

56:02 - DEALINGS WITH THAT. THE NATIVES

56:04 - AND I THINK THAT SAYS SOMETHING

56:06 - AGAIN ABOUT WASHINGTON'S SITE

56:08 - ABILITIES THAT THIS YOUNG POINT

56:10 - IN HIS LIFE, THE BRITISH

56:12 - GOVERNMENT WILL DECIDE THAT

56:14 - THE THE COLONISTS ARE CENTRALLY

56:16 - INCAPABLE OF OF ACCOMPLISHING

56:18 - THE JOB YOU HAVE YOU HAVE

56:21 - INDIVIDUALS LIKE THE DUKE OF

56:22 - CUMBERLAND, THE CAPTAIN GENERAL

56:24 - OF THE BRITISH ARMY SAYING HOW

56:26 - IS IT POSSIBLE FOR FOR

56:28 - WASHINGTON TO BE CHASED OFTEN

56:29 - FOR HIS TROOPS TO BE PANIC

56:31 - STRICKEN BY 100 INDIANS

56:35 - THE THEY TEND TO DENIGRATE THE

56:37 - THE MILITARY ABILITIES OF OF

56:40 - THE FRIDGE IN YOUNES, INCLUDING

56:41 - WASHINGTON AND THIS. THIS IS

56:43 - CRUCIAL BECAUSE IT PRECIPITATE

56:46 - CE THE DECISION OF THE BRITISH

56:48 - GOVERNMENT IN THAT MONTH.

56:51 - INTERVENE MILITARILY WITH

56:53 - REGULAR TROOPS UNDER THE

56:55 - COMMAND OF GENERAL EDWARD

56:56 - BRADDOCK. SO WHEN IT'S ALL SAID

56:58 - AND DONE, HOW DOES THIS FIT

57:01 - INTO THE LARGER CONTEXT OF OF

57:03 - OUR HISTORY? HOW SHOULD WE

57:03 - THINK OF CALIFORNIA SAYS THAT?

57:05 - MEL ANSWER THE QUESTION.

57:06 - SO WHAT I DO EVERY DAY WITH

57:08 - VISITORS THIS STARTS A GLOBAL

57:11 - WAR. ULTIMATELY BRITAIN'S THE

57:13 - WINNER.

57:14 - FOR NOW HAS A VAST EMPIRE THAT

57:16 - COSTS MONEY TO MAINTAIN AND AS

57:19 - THE COLLEAGUES TO HELP SUPPORT

57:20 - THAT EMPIRE, AT LEAST TO THOSE

57:22 - TAXES. WE DECIDE TO FIGHT A

57:24 - REVOLUTION. WE NEED A LITTLE

57:26 - HELP.

57:27 - BECOME STORY. THE FRENCH

57:29 - BECAUSE THEY LOVE US BECAUSE

57:30 - THEY REALLY HATE THE BRITISH

57:32 - THE ENEMY OF MY ENEMY IS MY

57:33 - FRIEND. WITHOUT THE FRENCH

57:35 - HELPED. REVOLUTION WOULD HAVE

57:37 - ENDED DIFFERENTLY. SO THAT'S

57:39 - THE CONNECTION. THE SMALL FOR

57:41 - HEAR THAT STARTS GLOBAL WAR

57:43 - THAT THEY SHOULD BASICALLY IS

57:44 - THE FIRST STEP TOWARDS THE

57:45 - NATION WE KNOW OF TODAY IS

57:47 - AMERICA. SO IT'S STILL ON THE

57:49 - ROAD TO REVOLUTION.

57:51 - >>AND JUST TO ECHO BRIAN THIS

57:55 - IS VERY MUCH THE MOMENT AT

57:56 - WHICH. THIS FRONT HERE.

58:00 - WAR REALLY ESCALATES INTO A

58:04 - TRULY GLOBAL PHENOMENON.

58:07 - WERE IT NOT FOR THIS CONFLICT

58:09 - HERE? IT'S QUITE POSSIBLE TO

58:11 - IMAGINE KIND OF BRUSHFIRE WAR

58:14 - THAT'S CONTAIN TO AMERICA.

58:17 - BUT THE DECISION OF THE BRITISH

58:18 - GOVERNMENT IN 7 SEPTEMBER 17.

58:20 - 54 TO INTERVENE WITH WITH

58:23 - REGULAR TROOPS. AND TO STRIKE

58:26 - NEW FRANCE AT 4 DIFFERENT

58:28 - LOCATIONS. THAT'S REALLY THE

58:30 - BEGINNINGS OF WHAT WE KNOW.

58:32 - THIS IS THE FRENCH AND INDIAN

58:33 - WAR AND BY 17, 56.

58:36 - GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE HAVE

58:38 - OPENLY DECLARED WAR AGAINST

58:40 - EACH OTHER AND THE REST IS

58:42 - HISTORY.

58:44 - ON THAT NOTE, I'D LIKE TO THANK

58:45 - MY GUESTS FOR JOINING US TODAY.

58:47 - >>AS ALWAYS, IF YOU HAVE

58:48 - QUESTIONS ABOUT TODAY'S EPISODE

58:50 - OR RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE

58:51 - EPISODES, PLEASE VISIT OUR

58:52 - WEBSITE AT PCN TV DOT COM.

58:55 - FOR EVERYONE HERE BATTLEFIELD

58:57 - PENNSYLVANIA. I'M BREAK RIGHTS

58:58 - ARE SAYING SO LONG.