00:29 - >>HELLO, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN.

00:30 - AND WELCOME TO BATTLEFIELD

00:31 - PENNSYLVANIA. TODAY WE'RE AT

00:33 - THE SENATOR JOHN HEINZ HISTORY

00:34 - CENTER IN PITTSBURGH.

00:36 - IN SEPTEMBER OF 18. 62, THE

00:38 - ALLEGHENY ARSENAL SUDDENLY AND

00:39 - MYSTERIOUSLY EXPLODED.

00:41 - DOZENS DIED AND TODAY REMAINS

00:43 - THE SINGLE WORST CIVILIAN LOSS

00:44 - OF LIFE OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL

00:45 - WAR. I'M YOUR HOST BREAK,

00:48 - RIGHT, SIR. JOINING ME TODAY

00:49 - TO DISCUSS THE ALLEGHENY

00:50 - ARSENAL EXPLOSION IS THE CEO

00:53 - AND PRESIDENT OF THE JOHN HEINZ

00:54 - HISTORY CENTER. AND HE MAY SIT.

00:56 - AND JIM WOULD ARCTIC

00:57 - INVESTIGATOR OF THE

00:58 - LAWRENCEVILLE HISTORICAL

00:59 - SOCIETY GENTLEMEN, THANK YOU

01:01 - BOTH FOR BEING HERE. YOU BET.

01:03 - TELL US A LITTLE ABOUT YOUR

01:04 - BACKGROUND HISTORY.

01:05 - >>WELL, MY BACKGROUND AND WHEN

01:08 - I WAS 10 YEARS OLD, I FOUND A

01:11 - ANY 69 CALIBER BULLET JUST LIKE

01:14 - THE ONES THEY WERE ROLLING AND

01:15 - TURNING INTO CARTRIDGES AT

01:17 - ALLEGHENY ARSENAL IN 18.

01:19 - 62 AND FROM THAT TIME ON, I

01:21 - WAS HOOKED ON HISTORY AND

01:25 - HISTORICAL. A MUSEUM AND THEN

01:30 - EVENTUALLY A MUSEUM DIRECTOR

01:34 - >>WELL, BACK IN 1980, I STARTED

01:36 - TO RESEARCH THE ALLEGHENY, OUR

01:37 - SNOW. AND I WAS SHOCKED THAT

01:38 - THERE WAS NO CHRONOLOGICAL

01:40 - HISTORY WRITTEN IN PITTSBURGH.

01:42 - UP TO THAT POINT. SO I PUT

01:44 - TOGETHER A MANUSCRIPT FOR THE

01:46 - PREDECESSOR OF THE HEINZ

01:48 - HISTORY CENTER, THE HISTORICAL

01:50 - SOCIETY OF WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA

01:52 - AND THAT BECAME THE BASIS FOR

01:53 - MY 1999 BOOK. ITS FIRST GOTTEN

01:56 - ALLEGHENY ARSENAL AND EVER

01:58 - SINCE THEN, I'VE BEEN

01:59 - RESEARCHING FOR THE

02:00 - LAWRENCEVILLE, HISTORICAL

02:01 - SOCIETY, THE ALLEGHENY ARSENAL,

02:03 - AS WELL AS OTHER TOPICS

02:05 - >>WELL, WHAT KIND OF THE CITY

02:06 - WAS PITTSBURGH IN THE 18 50'S

02:08 - LEADING UP TO THE CIVIL WAR?

02:10 - >>WELL, IT WAS A SMOKY CITY.

02:12 - THERE'S NO QUESTION ABOUT IT.

02:13 - THEY CALL THAT THE IRONS CITY.

02:15 - THEN THIS IS BEFORE STEEL.

02:17 - THEY WERE MAKING THINGS OF IRON

02:21 - AND IN 18, 14, THE U.S.

02:24 - GOVERNMENT SET UP AN ARSENAL

02:27 - HERE RIGHT ON THE BANKS OF THE

02:28 - ALLEGHENY RIVER TO PRODUCE

02:31 - CANNON SHOT. THEN OTHER WAR

02:33 - MATERIAL DURING THE WAR OF 18,

02:35 - 12, LOTS OF PEOPLE WORK THAT

02:38 - THAT FROM HUNDREDS. THEN THE

02:42 - EARLY YEARS TO WELL OVER 1000

02:45 - DURING THE CIVIL WAR YEARS.

02:47 - AND ALLEGHENY ARSENAL THAT HELP

02:50 - MAKE.

02:51 - PITTSBURGH THE ARSENAL OF THE

02:53 - UNION DURING THE CIVIL WAR.

02:55 - >>WOULD LIKE TO SAY IS A 1950.

02:57 - WHAT YOU HAVE IS A VERY SMALL

02:59 - GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF ABOUT

03:01 - SEVERAL SQUARE MILES COMPARED

03:03 - TO 60 SQUARE MILES TODAY.

03:06 - IT'S VERY DENSELY POPULATED

03:08 - AND WE'RE TALKING. BUT THE

03:09 - ALLEGHENY ARSENAL, IT'S ALL

03:11 - BRITS 3 MILES AWAY FROM THE

03:13 - PITTSBURGH'S POINT. HOWEVER,

03:15 - THAT THAT TIME WAS VERY RURAL.

03:18 - AND YOU WANT TO PLACE YOUR

03:19 - ARSENAL AWAY FROM THE

03:21 - POPULATION CENTER, 7 CASES.

03:23 - THERE IS AN EXPLOSION IN

03:24 - MINIMIZES LOST THE LIVES AND

03:26 - PROPERTY.

03:28 - >>YEAH, YOU KNOW, A LOT OF YOUR

03:30 - VIEWERS MAY NOT KNOW THAT

03:31 - PITTSBURGH IS NESTLED BETWEEN 3

03:34 - RIVERS, THE ALLEGHENY AND

03:35 - MONONGAHELA CONVERGE AT THE

03:38 - PLACE. WE CALL THE POINT AND

03:40 - TURN INTO THE OHIO RIVER.

03:42 - GEORGE WASHINGTON HAVE FIGURED

03:43 - OUT THAT THAT'S A STRATEGIC

03:46 - PLACE WHEN THE FRENCH CLAIMED

03:48 - IT, THEN 17. 53 AND SO FROM

03:52 - THAT TIME ON PITTSBURGH BECAME

03:55 - A

03:56 - FOR A FORT DUQUESNE. AND LATER,

04:00 - FORT PITT AND THEN A SETTLEMENT

04:03 - GREW UP AROUND THAT FORT, OF

04:05 - COURSE, INDIAN PEOPLES HAD

04:07 - LIVED HERE FOR HUNDREDS OF

04:09 - YEARS AND RIGHT ON THE SITE

04:11 - WHERE ALLEGHENY ARSENAL

04:13 - EVENTUALLY WAS THERE WAS A LET

04:17 - OR DELAWARE VILLAGE, SHANA PUNS

04:20 - TOWN. IT WAS CALLED SO THAT

04:23 - CONVERGENCE OF RIVERS HAS

04:24 - ALWAYS BEEN A PLACE THAT HAS

04:26 - ATTRACTED PEOPLE AND BY THE

04:29 - MIDDLE OF THE 19TH CENTURY,

04:30 - IT BECAME A MANUFACTURING

04:32 - CENTER BECAUSE PITTSBURGH WAS

04:34 - THEN THE GATEWAY TO THE WEST.

04:38 - >>AS YOU SAY, IN ADDITION TO

04:39 - OUR MANUFACTURING, WE ALL SAY

04:41 - CLASS MANUFACTURING. WE WERE

04:43 - THE HUB OF THE OIL INDUSTRY

04:45 - IN THIS EARLY DAYS, WE MADE A

04:47 - LOT OF STEAMBOATS HERE AS WELL

04:50 - AS MACHINE PARTS FOR

04:51 - STEAMBOATS.

04:52 - >>SO PITTSBURGH HAD A

04:53 - REPUTATION FOR MAKING THINGS

04:55 - LONG BEFORE THE ARSENAL.

04:56 - THAT'S RIGHT. WHAT WAS IT ABOUT

04:58 - THE REGION THAT MADE IT SO

04:59 - HOSPITABLE TO MANUFACTURE A

05:01 - CHEAP GOAL?

05:03 - >>AND EVEN BEFORE THAT THE WOOD

05:07 - WAS USED TO BURN FOR FUEL.

05:09 - AND THEN THE RIVERS BECAME

05:14 - REMEMBER, THIS IS VERY HILLY

05:16 - COUNTRY WAS A DENSELY WOODED.

05:18 - YOU JUST COULDN'T GET A OVER

05:20 - LAND. SO PEOPLE TRAVELING

05:22 - WESTWARD WOULD TAKE THOSE RIVER

05:25 - TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS AND

05:28 - THE OHIO RIVER, OF COURSE, FED

05:30 - INTO THE MISSISSIPPI AND INTO

05:32 - THE MISSOURI RIVER. AND SO THIS

05:34 - TRULY WAS A GATEWAY TO THE THE

05:36 - WESTERN WILDS. AND THIS WAS

05:39 - SORT OF THE LAST PLACE THAT YOU

05:41 - COULD MANUFACTURED GOODS

05:43 - PACKAGED CLOTHING, LEATHER

05:46 - GOODS, WAGONS AS JIM SAYS BOATS

05:50 - AS WELL.

05:51 - >>WHO WERE PITTSBURGHERS WHERE

05:52 - THEY COME FROM? HOW THEY LOOK

05:55 - HOW THEY LIVE.

05:56 - >>WELL, ORIGINALLY WE'VE HAD

05:58 - A LARGE NUMBER OF ENGLISH AND

06:00 - SCOTS IRISH PEOPLE AND WERE

06:03 - LARGELY IS IN THE EARLY DAYS.

06:05 - VERY NATIVE BORN POPULATION.

06:08 - IT'S ONLY ABOUT THE 18 40'S, AN

06:09 - 18 50'S THAT WE START TO SEE

06:12 - THE IMMIGRATION OF IRISH AND

06:14 - IMMIGRANTS AS WELL AS GERMANS

06:16 - INTO THE PITTSBURGH AREA.

06:18 - I LIKE TO THINK OF PITTSBURGH

06:19 - HAS

06:22 - HAVING WAVES OF OF IN THE

06:27 - EARLIEST

06:29 - >>1000 YEARS AGO, THOSE FIRST

06:31 - PEOPLES BUILT

06:34 - >>MOUNTAINS AND HAD FARMS ALONG

06:37 - THE RIVERS. THAT WOULD OVERFLOW

06:38 - THEIR BANKS AND FLOOD

06:41 - >>FIELDS BY THE TIME GEORGE

06:43 - WASHINGTON ARRIVED IN THE 17

06:45 - 50'S. THOSE FIRST PEOPLES WERE

06:47 - ALREADY GONE IT WAS WAR OR A

06:52 - DISEASE THAT HAD CAUSE THE DIE

06:55 - OFF OF THAT FIRST POPULATION.

06:58 - BUT THEN THERE'D BE THE SUCCESS

07:00 - OF WAVES OF PEOPLE'S

07:04 - TRAPPERS AND ENGLISH AND

07:08 - SETTLERS AND THEN BY 18, 100'S,

07:13 - GERMANS AND LARGE NUMBERS BY

07:15 - THE MIDDLE OF THE 19TH CENTURY

07:18 - AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY, PEOPLE

07:19 - FROM EASTERN EUROPE, EACH

07:21 - SUCCESSIVE WAVE LEFT POCKETS

07:24 - ARE POOLS OF PEOPLE AND EACH

07:27 - NEIGHBORHOOD IN PITTSBURGH AND

07:28 - THERE ARE 100 OF THEM HAVE

07:30 - THEIR OWN ETHNIC IDENTITY.

07:32 - PARTLY BECAUSE THE POOLS OF

07:35 - PEOPLES THAT WERE LEFT AFTER

07:37 - THESE WAVES

07:38 - OF MIGRATION.

07:40 - >>ABRAHAM LINCOLN ONCE CALLED

07:41 - THE CIVIL WAR, A POLITICAL

07:42 - CRISIS. WHAT WAS THE POLITICS

07:44 - OF PITTSBURGH IN THE 18 50'S

07:45 - AND 60'S? WELL, YOU HAVE TO

07:46 - SAY START WITH A 18. 49 THROUGH

07:49 - 18. 57 WITH ON. 22 52. THERE IS

07:52 - NO REPUBLICAN PARTY AND FIRST

07:55 - REPUBLICAN PARTY'S FOUNDED IN

07:56 - RIPON WISCONSIN AND IT SPREADS

07:58 - LIKE WILDFIRE AND THEY'RE NOT

08:00 - REALLY ORGANIZED. THEY DON'T

08:01 - REALLY ORGANIZES A NATIONAL

08:03 - INSTITUTION UNTIL THEY HOLD A

08:05 - CONVENTION RIGHT HERE IN

08:06 - PITTSBURGH IN FEBRUARY 18.

08:08 - 56, IF YOU LOOK AT THE MAYORS

08:10 - OF PITTSBURGH BETWEEN 18, 49

08:12 - AND 18, 64, YOU FIND THAT 2 OF

08:16 - THEM WORE WIGS. ONE WAS A

08:17 - DEMOCRAT. ONE WAS A PARTY

08:19 - CALLED THE AMERICAN PARTY WHICH

08:21 - THEY DIDN'T LIKE CATHOLICS FOR

08:22 - MASONS ARE IMMIGRANTS. YOU HAVE

08:25 - ONE THAT RAN AS A COALITION

08:26 - OF KNOW, NOTHINGS AND WIGS AND

08:29 - YOU ALSO HAD ONE MAN WHO WAS

08:30 - SITTING IN JAIL WHEN HE WAS

08:32 - ELECTED MAYOR AND HE RAN ON A

08:34 - COALITION TAKING OF THE

08:35 - PEOPLE'S PARTY IN THE ANTI

08:36 - CATHOLIC TICKET BETWEEN 18.

08:38 - 57 IN 18, 64. WE HAVE 3

08:41 - SUCCESSIVE REPUBLICAN MAYORS.

08:46 - HE IS JUST A FONT OF

08:47 - INFORMATION. I WAS GOING TO

08:49 - DO COLOR COMMENTARY SINCE YOU

08:51 - MENTIONED LINK AND THEN CRISES.

08:54 - >>ON FEBRUARY 14TH, 18, 61

08:56 - ABRAHAM LINCOLN VISITED HERE

08:58 - IN PITTSBURGH. HE CONSIDERED

09:00 - ALLEGHENY COUNTY THE BANNER

09:02 - COUNTY OF THE UNION. HE SAID

09:04 - BECAUSE HE THOUGHT IT IT HAD

09:05 - HELPED TIP THE VOTE IN

09:07 - PENNSYLVANIA IN HIS FAVOR.

09:10 - SO HE CAME HERE ON HIS WAY TO

09:12 - WASHINGTON FOR THE INAUGURATION

09:14 - DID IN FEBRUARY OF 18. 61 AND

09:17 - IT'S POURING DOWN RAIN THAT WAS

09:19 - AWFUL CONDITIONS. HE WENT TO

09:21 - THE MONONGAHELA HOUSE

09:22 - OVERLOOKING THE MONONGAHELA

09:23 - RIVER AND HE TOLD EVERYONE COME

09:25 - BACK TOMORROW AND I'LL MAKE A

09:27 - SPEECH THAT WELL, MORE THAN

09:29 - 5,000 PEOPLE TURNED IN THE RAIN

09:31 - WITH THEIR UMBRELLAS TO TO HEAR

09:33 - THIS NEW PRESIDENT AND HE STOOD

09:36 - ON THAT BALCONY OVERLOOKING

09:38 - THE MONONGAHELA RIVER AND

09:40 - SOMEONE SHOUTED OUT MISTER

09:43 - LINCOLN, WILL THERE BE WAR?

09:45 - AND HE THOUGHT JUST A MINUTE

09:48 - AND HE SAID THERE IS NO CRISIS

09:51 - FUND AND ARTIFICIAL ONE.

09:53 - NO CRISIS, BUT AN ARTIFICIAL

09:55 - ONE. IT'S UP TO THOSE PEOPLE OF

09:58 - THE SOUTH. AND HE POINTED

09:59 - ACROSS THE MONONGAHELA RIVER

10:01 - TOWARD THE SOUTH. IT'S UP TO

10:03 - THEM TO DETERMINE WHETHER THERE

10:05 - WILL BE WAR. EVEN AS LATE AS

10:09 - FEBRUARY OF 18, 61 LINCOLN HAD

10:12 - SOME HOPE THAT THIS WAR COULD

10:14 - BE AVERTED. HE THOUGHT THAT THE

10:17 - POLITICAL FORCES HAD GOTTEN

10:20 - US INTO THIS WAR HYSTERIA.

10:22 - BUT THERE REALLY WASN'T A

10:24 - CRISIS. IT WAS AN ARTIFICIAL

10:26 - ONE CONSTRUCTED BY POLITICIANS.

10:29 - THE NEWSROOM. WELL, I HAVE TO

10:31 - SAY THAT I THINK THE WAR COULD

10:34 - HAVE BEEN AVERTED. IF COOLER

10:36 - HEADS HAD PREVAILED. BUT THE

10:38 - ROOT CAUSE OF THE WAR SLAVERY

10:42 - SO SO INSIDIOUS I THINK AS JOHN

10:49 - BROWN SAID, THE SINS OF THIS

10:51 - GUILTY LAND CAN NEVER BE

10:53 - PURGED. BUT WITH BLOOD AND I

10:55 - THINK IT ACTUALLY WE NEEDED

10:57 - A WAR TO END THE EVIL OF

11:00 - SLAVERY.

11:01 - WELL, I FIND INTERESTING IS

11:03 - DURING LINCOLN VISIT, PEOPLE

11:05 - WERE NOT SO MUCH CONCERNED IN

11:06 - PITTSBURGH WASTE ARE 5

11:08 - QUESTIONS OF THE PRESIDENT

11:10 - >>ABOUT SLAVERY. THEY WERE

11:11 - WORRIED ABOUT THE TARIFFS THEY

11:13 - WANT TO WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA

11:15 - INDUSTRIES TO BE PROTECTED FROM

11:17 - CHEAP FOREIGN IMPORTS.

11:20 - IF YOU WANT TO VISIT THE

11:21 - ALLEGHENY ARSENAL IN 18, 68 IN

11:23 - 61.

11:24 - >>THIS IS AN IMPRESSIVE PLACE.

11:26 - COULD YOU GIVE US A MIND'S EYE

11:28 - TOUR OF WHAT THE ARSENAL WOULD

11:29 - LOOK LIKE?

11:30 - >>WELL, LET ME TAKE A STAB AT

11:31 - AND THEN YOU CAN FILL IN THE

11:32 - DETAILS BECAUSE YOU YOU LIVE

11:34 - RIGHT THERE. YOU YOUR HAND,

11:38 - BUT IT'S 37 ACRES ON THE BANKS

11:42 - OF THE ALLEGHENY RIVER. IT

11:43 - EXTENDS ALL THE WAY FROM THE

11:44 - ALLEGHENY BACK TO PENN AVENUE.

11:47 - BIG CITY BLOCKS BETWEEN 40TH

11:50 - AND 39TH STREET. THEY USED TO

11:52 - CALL 39TH STREET PIKE STREETER

11:55 - PIKE AVENUE AND THE GROUNDS

11:57 - FROM THE VERY BEGINNING WERE

11:59 - VERY WELL DESIGNED AND MAINTAIN

12:04 - WITH STONE WALLS AND STONE

12:06 - BUILDINGS. BRICK BUILDINGS

12:08 - >>THERE WEREN'T A LOT OF

12:10 - CONSTRUCTIONS HERE BECAUSE THE

12:12 - U.S. GOVERNMENT REALIZED IT

12:14 - NEEDED IN THE WEST. A MAJOR

12:16 - U.S. ARSENAL AND SO THEY BUILT

12:19 - TO LAST AND BY THE TIME OF THE

12:22 - CIVIL WAR THERE WERE 1000

12:25 - PEOPLE WORKING AT THIS ARSENAL.

12:28 - IT WAS TURNING OUT 10'S OF

12:30 - THOUSANDS OF ROUNDS OF SMALL

12:33 - ARMS AMMUNITION EVERY DAY.

12:35 - ALL TYPES OF FIELD, ARTILLERY,

12:37 - AMMUNITION, 6 POUNDER, 12

12:40 - POUNDER. 24 POUNDER SHELLS AND

12:43 - CANISTER AND SPHERICAL CAGE

12:44 - SHOT PLUS, LOTS OF OTHER TOOLS

12:48 - AND EQUIPMENT NEEDED BY

12:51 - ARTILLERY MEN, INFANTRY MAN.

12:54 - THEY NEVER PRODUCED CANNONS

12:56 - HERE AND THEY DIDN'T PRODUCE

12:58 - ANY SMALL ARMS THEMSELVES.

13:00 - BUT THE GOVERNMENT INSPECTORS

13:02 - WHO ARE HERE DID INSPECT SOME

13:05 - OF THOSE TYPES OF THINGS.

13:07 - THE OTHER THING THAT'S REALLY

13:08 - STRIKING ABOUT EARLY ALLEGHENY

13:10 - ARSENAL IS THE THE QUALITY OF

13:12 - LEADERSHIP THAT THEY HAD.

13:15 - THE INNOVATIVE ORDINANCE

13:16 - OFFICERS WHO WORK THERE.

13:18 - A MAN LIKE THOMAS JACKSON.

13:20 - ROBIN, WHO BUILT ONE OF THE

13:22 - FIRST BULLET MACHINES IN U.S.

13:26 - HISTORY. INSTEAD OF POURING

13:29 - WITH HOT LEAD INTO A MOLD.

13:32 - ONE OF THE TIME LETTING IT

13:33 - COOL. OPENING UP THAT MOLD

13:35 - TRIMMING IT OFF.

13:36 - >>HE INVENTED A PROCESS FOR

13:38 - TAKING TO OF LEAD AND HAVE A

13:43 - LEAD SLUG CUT-OFF SMASHED INTO

13:46 - A DIE. THIS IS CALLED SWAY

13:48 - JANG. AND IN ONE QUICK MOTION

13:51 - MAKING A A CYLINDER OAK ANNOYED

13:54 - A LITTLE HOLLOW BASED BULLET

13:55 - CALLED A MINI BALL. WELL, THIS

13:58 - LITTLE BULLET REVOLUTIONIZED

13:59 - WAR AND DURING THE CIVIL WAR,

14:02 - YOU PROBABLY KNOW NEARLY

14:05 - 750,000 AMERICANS DIED AND THE

14:08 - BATTLEFIELD CASUALTIES WERE

14:10 - ESPECIALLY HIGH, PARTLY BECAUSE

14:13 - OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THESE

14:14 - SMALL ARMS THAT FIRED MANY

14:17 - BALLS THAT WERE PRODUCED AT

14:18 - PLACES LIKE ALLEGHENY ARSENAL.

14:22 - THOMAS JACKSON, RODMAN WENT ON

14:23 - TO INVENT THE LARGEST CANNONS

14:26 - EVER PRODUCED IN U.S. HISTORY

14:28 - IN WORLD HISTORY. IN THE LATE

14:30 - 18 50'S HE PATENTED A PROCESS

14:34 - FOR HOLLOW CASTING IRON CANNONS

14:37 - AND THAT MEANS INSTEAD OF JUST

14:39 - POURING IRON INTO A MOLD

14:42 - LETTING IT AIR COOL AND THEN

14:44 - BORING THE CENTER OF THE BORE

14:47 - OF THE GUN. HE PUT UP PIPE DOWN

14:50 - THE CENTER OF THE CASTING

14:52 - POURED THE MEDAL IN AND THEN

14:54 - PUMPED AIR AND WATER THROUGH

14:55 - THAT CORE PLUG WHICH COOL THE

14:58 - GUN FROM THE INSIDE OUT THAT

15:00 - MADE IT HARDER. AND DENSER AND

15:02 - STRONGER. SO IT WOULDN'T BLOW

15:05 - WITH HIGH POWDER CHARGES AND

15:08 - GREAT PRESSURES THAT AN AMAZING

15:11 - INNOVATION. AND BY THE END OF

15:12 - THE WAR, ALL OF THE LARGE

15:15 - CANNONS USED TO IN THE U.S.

15:17 - SERVICE WERE MADE USING THE

15:19 - RODMAN PROCESS AND THE BIGGEST

15:21 - GUN EVER MADE A 20 INCH CALIBER

15:25 - RODMAN, COLUMBIA, ED. WELL,

15:27 - STILL THE BIGGEST GUNS, THE

15:30 - AMERICANS HAVE EVER PRODUCED ON

15:32 - ADDITION KNOW WE PRODUCED GUN

15:34 - CARRIAGES, CAISSONS AND

15:35 - LUMBERS.

15:36 - >>MADE LEATHER GOODS AND

15:37 - STAMPED OUT LEATHER METAL PARTS

15:40 - OF BRASS FOR BRASS PLATES.

15:43 - AND WE GO ON VARIOUS PIECES OF

15:45 - THE LEATHER EQUIPMENT. I THINK

15:47 - WHAT'S MOST INTERESTING ABOUT

15:49 - THE ALLEGHENY ARSENAL IS SAID

15:51 - THAT THE TIME THE CIVIL WAR,

15:52 - THERE ARE 60 STRUCTURES.

15:54 - NOW WE TALK ABOUT STRUCTURE,

15:55 - SOME A VERY SMALL THEIR SHEDS

15:57 - OR MAYBE EVEN AN OUTHOUSE.

15:59 - BUT THERE ARE AT LEAST 29

16:01 - BUILDINGS OF MAJOR PROPORTION.

16:04 - THEY AROUND 18. 59 IN THE

16:06 - ORDINANCE REPORT THAT WAS

16:08 - SUBMITTED TO WASHINGTON.

16:10 - THEY DID CONSTRUCT A FRAME,

16:12 - A LABORATORY WHILE MOST OF THE

16:14 - OTHER BUILDINGS WERE STONE

16:15 - BRICK. THIS IS ONE OF THE FEW

16:17 - LABORATORIES IS ACTUALLY

16:19 - CONSTRUCTED OF WOOD AND THAT'S

16:21 - WHERE THE FAMOUS EXPLOSION

16:24 - WOULD TAKE PLACE.

16:26 - 37 ACRES. IT SOUNDS MORE LIKE A

16:27 - SMALL TOWN THAT THE ARSENAL.

16:30 - >>BUT ELLIOTT, YOUR SON WASN'T

16:31 - THE ONLY ARSENAL IN TOWN.

16:33 - IS THAT RIGHT? IT WAS THE AND

16:34 - ONE IN PITTSBURGH, THE NEXT

16:36 - CLOSEST ONE WAS FRANKFURT ON

16:38 - THE OUTSKIRTS OF PHILADELPHIA.

16:40 - BUT THERE WERE OTHER

16:41 - MANUFACTURERS OF MILITARY

16:43 - GOODS.

16:43 - >>THEY WERE CASE LAWMAKERS AND

16:46 - MILITARY VEHICLE MAKERS AND

16:48 - LEATHER GOODS MAKERS. AND WHAT

16:50 - WOULD HAPPEN WITH GOVERNMENT

16:52 - ARSENAL'S DURING THIS PERIOD AS

16:53 - THEY OFTEN CONTRACT FOR GOODS.

16:56 - MUCH AS HAPPENS IN THE UNITED

16:58 - STATES.

17:00 - >>WAR DEPARTMENT FOR THE

17:03 - DEFENSE DEPARTMENT TODAY,

17:05 - YOU'LL YOU'LL SEND OUT A

17:07 - REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS AND GET

17:09 - BIDS IN AND THEN GOVERNMENT

17:10 - INSPECTORS WILL INSPECT THE

17:13 - MATERIAL TO MAKE SURE IT MEETS

17:15 - GOVERNMENT SPECS. SO THERE WAS

17:17 - A LOT OF ACTIVITY GOING ON AT

17:20 - PITTSBURGH. PEOPLE MAKING

17:21 - BUFFED LEATHER AND WAGON WHEELS

17:25 - FOR CANNON CARRIAGES, CASTING

17:28 - GUNS. THOSE BIG GUNS THAT I

17:30 - MENTIONED, THE 20 INCH CALIBER

17:31 - COLUMBIA ADS, THEY WERE

17:33 - ACTUALLY CAST AT THE FORT PITT

17:34 - FOUNDRY JUST A A MILE OR 2 FROM

17:37 - ALLEGHENY ARSENAL. SO THERE

17:39 - WAS A A MILITARY INDUSTRIAL

17:41 - COMPLEX HERE IN EARLY

17:44 - PITTSBURGH, BUT IT WASN'T ALL

17:46 - RIGHT THAT THE ARSENAL.

17:47 - >>SO THE ARSENAL IS A

17:49 - GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS, NOT SOME

17:50 - PRIVATE. THAT'S CORRECT.

17:52 - SO THE MILITARY WOULD HAVE BEEN

17:53 - IN CHARGE OF THE DAY-TO-DAY

17:54 - OPERATION. YES.

17:57 - AND MOST OF THE MANAGERS WERE

17:58 - WEST POINT. GRADUATES.

18:00 - AND SOME OF THE EMPLOYEES WERE

18:02 - MILITARY PEOPLE. BUT SOME WERE

18:04 - CIVILIAN CONTRACTORS.

18:07 - >>AND WILL WE CAN TALK MORE

18:08 - ABOUT THE ALEXANDER MCBRIDE,

18:10 - WHO'S THE CIVILIAN CONTRACTOR,

18:12 - WHO'S IN CHARGE OF THE

18:13 - AMMUNITION LABORATORIES AND

18:16 - THAT'S WHERE THE TERRIBLE

18:17 - ACCIDENT THAT OCCURRED IN 18.

18:19 - 62.

18:20 - >>IN YOUR RESEARCH. HOW DOES

18:22 - THAT? HOW DOES THAT DYNAMIC

18:23 - WORK? YOU HAVE MILITARY

18:25 - LEADERSHIP, BUT THEIR

18:26 - COMMANDING CIVILIAN WORKERS.

18:28 - WAS THERE ANY PROBLEMS WITH

18:29 - THAT? AND I DON'T WELL, THERE

18:30 - WAS DURING THE CIVIL WAR IN

18:32 - 18, 64 DURING THE ELECTION.

18:34 - >>WHEN CERTAIN MILITARY

18:36 - OFFICERS TOLD ANYBODY THAT

18:38 - WORKED AT THE ALLEGHENY, OUR

18:39 - SNOW, IF YOU DON'T VOTE FOR

18:40 - ABRAHAM LINCOLN, YOU'RE GOING

18:41 - TO BE FIRED.

18:43 - BEYOND THAT. WE DO THE SAME

18:45 - THING OF USING CIVILIAN

18:46 - CONTRACTORS TODAY FOR MILITARY

18:48 - GOODS. I THINK THERE PROBABLY

18:51 - WAS SOME RIVALRY BETWEEN WEST

18:55 - POINT TRAINED ORDINANCE

18:56 - OFFICERS END.

18:58 - CIVILIAN CONTRACTORS. THE THE

19:01 - ARMY GUYS REALLY KNEW THEIR

19:03 - BUSINESS AND THAT THEY HAD TO

19:06 - TRAIN AND OVERSEE THE CIVILIAN

19:08 - CONTRACTORS.

19:09 - >>SO THERE THERE MIGHT HAVE

19:10 - BEEN SOME TENSION BETWEEN THEM.

19:12 - REMEMBER THOSE CIVILIAN

19:14 - CONTRACTORS DIDN'T MAKE VERY

19:15 - MUCH MONEY EITHER MANY OF THE

19:19 - PEOPLE WORKING AT THE WE'RE

19:22 - VERY POORLY EDUCATED

19:23 - IMMIGRANTS, YOUNG GIRLS, 12 TO

19:26 - 16 YEARS OLD WERE MAKING THE

19:28 - CARTRIDGES. THEY GOT $0.50 A

19:32 - TO WORK 10 HOUR ROLLING

19:35 - CARTRIDGES SOME OF THE MEN I

19:38 - MAKE A $1.50 TO $3 A DAY DOING

19:42 - SOME OF THE HEAVIER WORK.

19:43 - LOADING CANNON SHELLS AND THAT

19:46 - SORT OF THING. ALEXANDER

19:48 - MCBRIDE, THE GUY IN CHARGE OF

19:50 - THE AMMUNITION LABORATORIES,

19:52 - I THINK ONLY MADE $2 A HE

19:55 - WASN'T A HIGH PAID A CIVILIAN

19:58 - CONTRACTOR SO I THINK THERE

20:01 - PROBABLY WAS SOME TENSION

20:03 - BETWEEN THE THE GOVERNMENT

20:04 - EMPLOYEES AND THE CIVILIANS

20:07 - AND IT REALLY DOESN'T COME OUT,

20:09 - THOUGH, US. THERE'S A INCIDENT

20:12 - LIKE THE ONE THAT JIM TALKED

20:14 - ABOUT.

20:15 - WHEN AFTER THE EXPLOSION

20:18 - THERE'S A LOT OF ATTENTION BY

20:20 - THE CITIZENS OF PITTSBURGH

20:22 - FOCUSED ON THE ARSENAL AND THE

20:24 - RELATIONS BETWEEN THE THE

20:26 - ARSENAL WORKERS AND CIVILIAN

20:29 - CONTRACTORS. YOU MENTIONED THE

20:31 - YOUNG WOMEN WHO WORK THERE.

20:32 - I THINK IT'S VERY FASCINATING.

20:34 - >>WE HAVE THIS GREAT EXHIBIT

20:35 - BEHIND US. WE KNOW ANYTHING

20:36 - ABOUT THEM. WHAT'S THEIR STORY?

20:38 - >>WE DON'T KNOW A LOT ABOUT

20:39 - THE INDIVIDUALLY. WE DO KNOW

20:41 - THAT IN OCTOBER 18. 61 MATCHES

20:44 - WERE FOUND AT THE ALLEGHENY

20:45 - ARSENAL AND MOST OF THEM WERE

20:47 - BOYS. NOW WE USE THE TERM BOYS

20:49 - WERE TALKING, BUT ANY MAIL

20:51 - BETWEEN THE AGES OF 15 23 WHO

20:54 - WORKS FOR BOYS, WAGES AND THEY

20:57 - WERE PLAYING WITH MATCHES AND

20:58 - PITTSBURGH NEWSPAPERS WERE

21:00 - LIVID THAT THE COMMANDER, JOHN

21:02 - SIMONTON BUS AND TAKING

21:04 - APPROPRIATE ACTION AGAINST THEM

21:05 - WHEN HE FINALLY DOES FIRE 200

21:08 - BOYS AND REPLACES THEM WITH

21:09 - GIRLS. THE SAME NEWSPAPER SAID

21:11 - CRITICIZED FOR LACK OF ACTIONS.

21:13 - WE'RE ACCUSING HIM OF ARBITRARY

21:16 - A DISPLAY OF WANT TO POWER.

21:18 - SO THIS POOR GUY CAN'T WIN NO

21:20 - MATTER WHAT HE DOES. I DO THINK

21:23 - IT SHOULD BE SAID THAT.

21:26 - >>THE ORDINANCE DEPARTMENT TO

21:28 - THE U.S. ARMY ROUTINELY USE

21:31 - CHILDREN AND MANUFACTURING OF

21:33 - MUNITIONS. AND THIS WAS

21:35 - HAPPENING IN ALL INDUSTRIES

21:37 - AROUND THE COUNTRY. NOT JUST IN

21:39 - DEFENSE PLANTS, OUR ARSENALS.

21:42 - IT WAS SAID THE YOUNG GIRLS

21:46 - 12, 13, 14, 15 YEARS OLD.

21:48 - HAD DEXTEROUS FINGERS. THEY

21:50 - WERE USED TO SEWING. THEY HAD

21:53 - TO ROLL PAPER CARTRIDGES OUT A

21:56 - BROWN PAPER LIKE YOU FIND IN A

21:58 - GROCERY BAG. THEY WOULD TIE IT

22:00 - OFF OR CHOKE OFF THE END WITH

22:02 - RED INSERT A LEAD BULLET POOR,

22:07 - A MEASURED AMOUNT OF GUN POWDER

22:09 - INTO THE PAPER TO UNFOLD.

22:12 - IT'S VERY CAREFULLY FOLD THE

22:14 - ENDS. SO THE POWDER DOESN'T

22:16 - COME OUT OF THE BALL THOSE AND

22:18 - COME OUT AND THEN PACKET IN

22:20 - LITTLE PAPER PACKET. SO OF 10

22:23 - CARTRIDGES EACH AND GIRLS WERE

22:26 - FOUND TO BE THE MOST ARSENAL

22:30 - WORKERS AND YOU COULD PAY HIM

22:33 - $0.50 A DAY. BOYS, AS JIM SAID,

22:36 - COULD BE HIRED AS EARLY AS 10

22:38 - YEARS THEY WERE WORKING IN

22:41 - GOVERNMENT ARSENALS AND THE

22:44 - ORDINANCE MANUAL OF 18. 62

22:46 - SPECIFIED.

22:47 - HOW MANY BALLS A BOY COULD CAST

22:52 - IN A DAY OR PAPER TUBES.

22:55 - HE COULD ROLL. THEY SAY IN A

22:57 - TYPICAL 10 HOUR A BOY, I COULD

23:01 - ROLL, YOU KNOW, 6,002. SO THEY

23:04 - THEY WOULD ACTUALLY HAVE IT

23:05 - IN THE MANUAL. THIS IS WHAT YOU

23:07 - COULD EXPECT OF A BOY TO DO.

23:11 - THE MEN WORKERS. MANY OF THEM

23:13 - ARE SOME OF THEM NATIVE

23:19 - AMERICANS. THEY THEY SEEM TO

23:23 - DIVIDE UP THE WORK LOAD BY

23:26 - HEAVY DIRTY WORK AND HIGHLY

23:30 - SKILLED MACHINING KIND OF WORK

23:33 - THAT WENT TO MEN AND WOMEN DID

23:37 - PACKAGING

23:39 - PAINTING LINSEED OIL LING A

23:43 - CARTRIDGE ROLLING THOSE SORTS

23:45 - OF THINGS THAT TENDED TO BE

23:46 - LIGHTER, WEIGHT WORK AND FINER

23:48 - WORK. ONE OF THE FIND JOBS THIS

23:52 - ARSENAL WAS PACKING SHRAPNEL

23:54 - BALLS IN A HOLLOW IRON BALL.

23:58 - SO IN IN 18, 0, 4 MAJOR HENRY

24:01 - SHRAPNEL OF THE BRITISH ARMY

24:03 - INVENTS A NEW TYPE OF CANNON

24:06 - BALL THAT EXPLODES AND WHEN

24:08 - IT EXPLODES, IT SHOWERS LITTLE

24:10 - LEAD BALLS CALLED TRAPNELL INTO

24:13 - THE ENEMY AND THE MOMENTUM OF

24:15 - THE CANNON SHOT CARRIES ALL OF

24:17 - THAT TRAPNELL INTO THE ENEMY.

24:18 - WELL, THIS WAS A MAJOR

24:20 - INNOVATION BECAUSE BEFORE THAT

24:23 - ARTILLERY US WITH FIRE IRON

24:25 - BALL, SOLID IRON BALL, SOLID

24:28 - SHOT. THEY WOULD CALL IT.

24:29 - YOU GOT TO BOUNCE THOSE BALLS

24:31 - IN THE MONTHS. THE RANKS OF THE

24:32 - ENEMY OR YOU'D USE IRON SHOT

24:35 - TO BATTER ENEMY ARTILLERY OR

24:39 - FORTIFICATIONS. BUT THIS

24:41 - SPIRIT, OK, SHOT THAT HAD

24:43 - TRAPPED ON. IT WAS A BIG

24:45 - INNOVATION, BUT IT WAS HARD

24:46 - TO MAKE BECAUSE YOU HAD TO CAST

24:48 - AN IRON BALL WITH US

24:50 - AND CASTING KNOCK OUT THE SAND.

24:53 - THAT WAS A FORM. THE CORE.

24:55 - AND THEN INSERT ALL OF THESE

24:57 - LITTLE LEAD BALLS INSIDE PUT

24:59 - IN A 10 TUBE POUR IN GUN POWDER

25:03 - AND PUT A FUSE ON TOP OF THAT.

25:05 - AND YOU NEED LITTLE FINGERS TO

25:07 - ACTUALLY GET YOUR FINGERS AND

25:08 - THEIR TO DO THAT. SO BOYS OFF

25:11 - AND GOT THAT JOB. ONE

25:13 - INTERESTING THING BY USING

25:15 - GIRLS, THEY WERE USING OTHER

25:16 - FEDERAL ARSENALS.

25:18 - >>BUT ELIMINATE THE PROBLEM

25:20 - OF BRINGING MATCHES AROUND GUN

25:22 - POWDER BECAUSE GOOD GIRLS DON'T

25:23 - SMOKE.

25:25 - AND THAT THAT'S REALLY A GOOD

25:26 - STORY JIM TOLD THE BOYS OF THIS

25:31 - WE'RE WE'RE KNOWN FOR BEING,

25:33 - YOU KNOW, STREET URCHINS AND

25:35 - HELL

25:35 - YOUNES AND

25:36 - >>THEY DID USE FRICTION

25:37 - MATCHES, WHICH HAD JUST BEEN

25:39 - INVENTED THE SHORTLY BEFORE

25:41 - YOU COULD TAKE A WOODEN STICK.

25:42 - MACHAN AND LIGHT IT ON YOUR

25:45 - TROUSER ON ALMOST ANYTHING JUST

25:47 - BY FRICTION THEY KEPT THOSE IN

25:50 - THEIR AND THEY KEPT THEIR

25:53 - SMOKING MATERIALS. THEY ROLL

25:55 - THEIR OWN CIGARS OR WHATEVER

25:57 - IT IS. THEY HAD A TO SMOKE.

25:59 - AND WHENEVER THEY HAD A BREAK,

26:01 - THEY WERE OUT BACK PUFFING ON

26:02 - THESE THINGS. WELL, YOU DON'T

26:04 - DO THAT AROUND GUN POWDER.

26:06 - >>AND SO WHEN THOSE MATCHES

26:08 - WERE DISCOVERED IN THE

26:10 - AMMUNITION LABORATORIES THEN

26:13 - THAT WAS TIME FOR IMMEDIATE

26:15 - ACTION AND TO HIS CREDIT, JOHN

26:18 - SIMONTON, THE COLONEL IN CHARGE

26:20 - OF ALLEGHENY ARSENAL. HE CAME

26:22 - DOWN HARD ON BOYS. BUT HE

26:25 - REALLY SAID, HEY, LET'S CLEAN

26:27 - THEM ALL OUT AND GET GIRLS AND

26:29 - THEY'RE THEY'RE MUCH

26:30 - MORE RELIABLE.

26:31 - >>WE TALK ABOUT SIMON AND HE'S

26:33 - A MAJOR PLAYER IN THE STORY.

26:34 - THAT'S CORRECT. HE CAME TO THE

26:35 - ALLEGHENY ARSENAL IN 1957.

26:37 - HE WAS A CAREER MILITARY MAN

26:39 - GRADUATED FROM WEST POINT 18TH

26:41 - OR CHAIN AND BY THE TIME HE

26:43 - CAME TO THE ALLEGHENY, OUR

26:44 - STORY ALREADY EXPERIENCING

26:46 - BECAUSE HE WORKED AT THE

26:47 - ARSENAL, SOME WASHINGTON, D.C.,

26:49 - ST. LOUIS AND HARPERS FERRY.

26:51 - WHAT'S THE STATE OF THE

26:52 - AMERICAN CIVIL WAR IN SEPTEMBER

26:54 - OF 18? 62 IN THE BIG PICTURE.

26:56 - WHERE ARE WE?

26:57 - >>WELL, ROBERT E LEE HAS JUST

26:59 - INVADED THE NORTH.

27:02 - >>IF THINGS ARE NOT GOING WELL

27:03 - FOR ABRAHAM LINCOLN, THEN THE

27:05 - UNION.

27:07 - >>THE EYES OF THE WORLD ARE ARE

27:09 - FOCUSED ON SHARPSBURG, MARYLAND

27:12 - WHERE ARMIES ARE NOW A RAID

27:15 - ON SEPTEMBER 17TH 18. 62 IN THE

27:20 - THE LARGEST BATTLE FOUGHT UP

27:22 - TO THAT POINT AND STILL TO THIS

27:24 - DAY, THE DEADLIEST DAY IN

27:26 - AMERICAN HISTORY. 5,000

27:28 - AMERICANS DIED AND ONE DAY AND

27:32 - 10'S OF THOUSANDS MORE WOUNDED

27:35 - AND MAIMED AT THAT BATTLE OF

27:37 - ANTIETAM.

27:39 - SO THAT'S THE VERY DAY THAT

27:42 - TRAGEDY STRIKES PITTSBURGH.

27:45 - NO ONE'S LOOKING AT THE

27:46 - ARSENAL.

27:47 - >>CAN WE TALK ABOUT THAT DAY

27:48 - THE DAY THE TRAGEDY STRUCK

27:50 - ABSOLUTELY. IT'S ABOUT 2

27:52 - O'CLOCK IN THE AFTERNOON.

27:53 - THE GIRLS ARE VERY HAPPY

27:54 - BECAUSE IT'S A DAY. AND THEN

27:57 - AS THEY RETURN TO WORK,

27:58 - SUDDENLY THERE'S THE FIRST OF A

28:00 - SERIES OF 3 EXPLOSIONS AND WHAT

28:03 - HAD HAPPENED WAS THE WAGON

28:05 - DRIVER BY NAME OF JOSEPH RECCA

28:08 - WAS TOLD TAKES OF 10 BARRELS A

28:10 - GUN POTTER DISTRIBUTE IT TO

28:12 - VARIOUS PLACES ON THIS WOODEN

28:14 - BUILDING THAT SERVING AS THE

28:15 - LABORATORY. AND HE DOES.

28:18 - AND THERE'S A MAN BY THE NAME,

28:19 - ROBERT FRICK. I'M ROBERT SMITH

28:21 - IS ON LOADING THESE BARRELS

28:23 - OF GUNPOWDER. HE HAD THIS TO

28:25 - AN HEAD OR OPEN A BARREL OF

28:27 - GUNPOWDER.

28:29 - THEY HAVE TO KEEP IN MIND

28:30 - THERE'S 156 PEOPLE WORKING IN

28:32 - THIS LABORATORY AT THE TIME

28:35 - ABOUT HALF OF THEM WILL BE

28:36 - KILLED THAT VERY DAY. AND

28:40 - WE'RE DEALING WITH BLACK

28:41 - GUNPOWDER. IT'S NOT LIKE THE

28:42 - JOHN WAYNE MOVIES WHERE HE

28:44 - FIGHTS 50 GUYS AND STILL HAS

28:46 - TIME TO TURN WHITE CLOUDY TRAIL

28:48 - GUNPOWDER BEFORE BLOWS UP A

28:50 - BUILDING. BLACK ON POTTER.

28:52 - UNLIKE MODERN POTTER AHRENDTS

28:54 - EXTREMELY FAST. ONE SPARK IT'S

28:56 - OVER WITH SO.

28:59 - FRANK IS ASKED BY SMITH WILL

29:01 - EACH TAKE CARE OF SOME OF THESE

29:02 - CRATES AND CYLINDERS BECAUSE

29:04 - HER POLLING UP ON THE PORCHES,

29:06 - ALL AROUND THE BUILDING.

29:07 - WE JUST DON'T HAVE ANY ROOM.

29:10 - FRICK SAYS, OK, HE CLAIMS THAT

29:13 - THE CORONER'S INQUEST THAT

29:14 - WHILE HE WAS TAKING HIS FOR

29:16 - STRONG WAGON AROUND SUDDENLY HE

29:18 - SAW A SPARK EMULATING ON THE

29:21 - ROAD AND IT TOUCHES OFF A

29:23 - SPARK. AND NEXT THING, YOU

29:25 - KNOW, THERE'S A SERIES OF

29:25 - EXPLOSIONS. FRICK IS THROWN

29:27 - FROM HIS WAGON AND HE SAID HE'S

29:29 - IMPALED ON A GUARD POST.

29:33 - THE FIRST IF YOU LOOK AT THE

29:35 - DRY GRAHAM, SO WE HAVE

29:36 - DEVELOPED, YOU'LL SEE THAT THE

29:38 - MOST OF THE PEOPLE THAT WERE

29:40 - KILLED FOR KILLED IN THE FIRST

29:42 - IN THE SECOND EXPLOSION BY THE

29:44 - TIME THE 3RD CAME OUT, MOST OF

29:46 - THE PEOPLE HAD A CHANCE TO GET

29:47 - OUT OF THE BUILDING.

29:49 - AND ON CONTRARY TO WHAT SOME

29:51 - WRITERS HAVE WRITTEN, THAT THE

29:53 - ENTIRE ARSENAL DOES NOT BLOW

29:55 - UP. IT'S ONE LABORATORY.

29:58 - BUT AS ANDY SAID, THIS IS ONE

29:59 - OF THE WORST CIVILIAN DOES.

30:00 - THIS IS THE WORST GOING

30:02 - DISASTER IN THE HISTORY OF THE

30:04 - AMERICAN CIVIL WAR. AND ALL

30:06 - THAT 78, I BELIEVE 7 WERE MEN.

30:09 - 71 WOMEN. MOST OF THEM ARE JUST

30:11 - TEENAGE GIRLS. THERE WERE

30:13 - KILLED. NOW THERE WILL BE 2

30:15 - INVESTIGATIONS INTO THIS

30:17 - EXPLOSION. FIRST IS THE

30:18 - CORONER'S INQUEST. THERE WAS A

30:20 - FIRE IN THE COURTHOUSE. WE LOST

30:22 - THE ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS. SO MOST

30:24 - OF WHAT WE KNOW COMES FROM THE

30:26 - NEWSPAPER ACCOUNTS AND THEN

30:29 - IN OCTOBER 18, 62 JOHN SIMONTON

30:33 - CALLS FOR IN MILITARY

30:34 - INVESTIGATION INTO THE

30:37 - EXPLOSION. THE CORONER'S

30:39 - INQUEST SAID, WELL, WE HAVE A

30:40 - HUNG JURY HERE MOST THAN PEOPLE

30:42 - THINK THAT THERE WAS CRIMINAL

30:44 - NEGLECT ON THE PART OF THE

30:45 - MILITARY IN THE SUPERINTENDENTS

30:47 - AND A FEW IN THE MINORITY SAYS

30:49 - NO, IT WAS JUST AN ACCIDENT

30:51 - THAT HAPPENED. JOHN SIMONTON

30:53 - DID NOT HAVE TO PARTICIPATE

30:55 - IN THIS INVESTIGATION. HE'S A

30:57 - MILITARY MAN. THIS IS THE

30:58 - CIVILIAN INQUEST. HE WANTED TO

31:01 - GET TO THE ROOT OF THE PROBLEM.

31:03 - THE PROM WITH A CORONER'S

31:04 - INQUEST AS THEY TAKE

31:05 - DEPOSITIONS. THERE'S NO

31:07 - CROSS-EXAMINATION, EVERYTHING

31:09 - HAPPENED SO FAST BECAME HELL

31:10 - WITH THE LID. BLOWN OFF.

31:12 - SO YOU COULD BE TELLING THE

31:13 - TRUTH. THINK YOU'RE TELLING

31:14 - THE TRUTH OR OUT A LOT. AND IN

31:17 - THE CORNER OF MILITARY INQUEST,

31:19 - YOU CAN BE CROSS EXAMINED BY

31:21 - DRAWN SIGNING 2 OR 3 MILITARY

31:24 - JUDGES. AND THE MILITARY JUDGES

31:27 - ARE FURIOUS THAT THEY'RE

31:29 - UNLOADING BARRELS OF GUNPOWDER

31:31 - AND OUTSIDE ON PORCHES AND

31:34 - THEY'RE OPEN.

31:36 - THERE'S PROBABLY AND THEY ALSO

31:38 - CAME OUT THAT SIGNING TO ONLY

31:40 - WILL CALL WITNESSES THAT HE

31:42 - CAN. THERE ARE FAVORABLE TO HIM

31:44 - OR HE CAN DISCREDIT. NO WOMEN

31:47 - ARE CALLED THE MILITARY INQUEST

31:49 - AND ONE OF THE MEN THAT THEY

31:51 - GO AFTER IS FRANK AND SIMONTON

31:55 - SAYS MR. FRICK, YOU'RE GIVING

31:57 - THE CORNER. THIS BIG THING

31:58 - ABOUT. YOU SAW THE 6 PARK IN

32:00 - THIS EXPLOSION YET WHEN MISTER

32:02 - MCBRIDE ASK YOU WHAT HAPPENED?

32:05 - YOU SAID, I DON'T KNOW IT.

32:07 - AND FOR US AS WELL. SO MANY

32:08 - THINGS HAVE BEEN ASKED TO ME.

32:10 - I DON'T KNOW WHAT I SET.

32:12 - AND THEN THEY BRING DOCTOR

32:13 - JAMES ROBINSON LAWRENCEVILLE

32:16 - PHYSICIAN, AND HE'S TENDING

32:17 - ABOUT 12 WOUNDED PEOPLE AND

32:19 - HE SAYS, YEAH, YEAH, THIS

32:21 - FREAK. HE CAME TO HIM AND HE

32:22 - SAYS I HAVE BURNS ON MY HANDS

32:24 - AND I'VE THIS GAPING HOLE IN

32:26 - MY FIT. YES, I WANT TO TAKE OFF

32:27 - HIS PAST WHEN I FINALLY

32:29 - CONVINCED HIM TO TAKE OFFICE.

32:31 - PAT, HE HAD A SCRATCHY, DIDN'T

32:33 - HAVE THIS GAPING HOLE IN THE

32:34 - HAT.

32:35 - NOW, IN FAIRNESS TO FRICK IN

32:36 - THOSE DAYS, WE DID NOT KNOW

32:38 - ANYTHING ABOUT BRAIN SWELLING

32:40 - OR CONCUSSIONS. SO HE COULD

32:42 - HAVE ACTUALLY BEEN FEELING A

32:44 - LOT OF PAIN. AND BECAUSE HE

32:46 - DIDN'T HAVE THIS MAJOR GASH IN

32:48 - HIS HEAD, THE KIND OF FLUFF

32:50 - THEM OFF. NOW, GYMS DONE A LOT

32:52 - OF RESEARCH ON THIS. YOU CAN

32:53 - TELL AND JUST A FEW YEARS AGO

32:56 - WE EVEN THE HELD ANOTHER

32:57 - INQUEST THAT.

32:59 - >>AND WE BROUGHT IN CYRIL

33:00 - WECHT, THE COUNTY CORONER AND

33:03 - ORDINANCE EXPERTS FROM AROUND

33:05 - THE COUNTRY AND WE TRIED TO

33:08 - OUR OWN TRIAL TO SEE WHO IS AT

33:11 - FAULT AND WHAT REALLY HAPPENED

33:12 - THAT DAY. AND THERE'S STILL

33:16 - NO AGREEMENT ON WHAT CAUSED

33:18 - THAT INITIAL SPARK. BUT I THINK

33:20 - EVERYONE AGREES THAT THE POWDER

33:22 - BARRELS THAT WERE BEING USED

33:24 - THAT WERE BEING BROUGHT FROM

33:26 - THE POWDER MAGAZINE TO THE

33:27 - AMMUNITION LABORATORIES WERE

33:29 - LEAKING POWDER DUPONT HAD TAKEN

33:33 - TO REQUESTING THAT THE ARMY

33:36 - RETURN THE BARRELS ONCE THEY

33:38 - WERE EMPTY AND THEY WERE

33:39 - REFILLING THEM THEY WEREN'T

33:43 - ALWAYS TIGHTENING THEM UP AS

33:45 - THEY SHOULD REMEMBER BARRELS AT

33:47 - THIS MIGHT HICKORY US TOEWS

33:53 - SAPLINGS AROUND THEM. YOU

33:55 - WOULDN'T PUT IRON BANDS AROUND

33:57 - THEM BECAUSE I EARNED AND

33:59 - THEY'RE DANGEROUS AND CHEAP

34:01 - BARRELS OF THAT PERIOD WERE ALL

34:02 - MADE WITH SAPLINGS. SO THEY

34:04 - TENDED TO GET LOOSE SO YOU PACK

34:07 - THEM ON A WAGON. YOU'RE RAVEL

34:09 - IT OVER A COBBLED STREET.

34:12 - YEAH. THERE'S GOING TO BE SOME

34:13 - LEAKAGE. A MANY PEOPLE

34:15 - COMMENTED THAT THERE HAD BEEN

34:16 - A BUILDUP OF GUN POWDER ON THE

34:20 - STREET BY THE AMMUNITION

34:21 - LABORATORY BECAUSE THE GIRLS

34:24 - SWEPT OUT THE LABS EVERY DAY,

34:26 - MAYBE EVEN TWICE A DAY AND THEY

34:28 - WOULD SWEEP THE SPILL GUNPOWDER

34:31 - RIGHT OUT ONTO THE STREET.

34:33 - THEY WERE TOLD THAT THEY

34:34 - WEREN'T SUPPOSED TO DO THAT.

34:36 - BUT WHEN THEY WERE IN A HURRY,

34:37 - THEIR SHIP WAS ENDING. THEY MAY

34:40 - NOT HEEDED THOSE INSTRUCTIONS.

34:42 - REMEMBER, THESE GIRLS WERE

34:43 - WEARING SPECIAL MOCCASINS THAT

34:46 - WERE MADE WITH NO IRON IN THEM.

34:49 - SO THERE WOULDN'T BE AN

34:50 - ACCIDENTAL SPARK. IT ALL THE

34:53 - THINGS THAT THEY WOULD HAVE

34:54 - USED WERE MADE A BRASS OR

34:56 - COPPER SO THEY WOULDN'T SPARK

34:58 - LIKE IRONWOOD FOLKS WE'RE

35:03 - CONSCIOUS OF THE SAFETY

35:05 - CONSIDERATIONS. THE FIRING OF

35:07 - THE BOYS WITH THE MATCHES IS

35:09 - ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF HOW HOW

35:11 - CAREFUL THEY WERE BEING.

35:13 - SO IT WASN'T THEY WERE BEING

35:15 - NEGLIGENT HERE ABOUT WHEN THAT

35:17 - WAGON PULLED UP, SAID IT MAY

35:22 - HAVE BEEN THE IRON SCHAAB WHO

35:24 - FOR THE HORSE THAT SPARKED A

35:27 - PIECE OF GRANITE OR STONE AND

35:29 - THAT MAY HAVE IGNITED THE

35:31 - SPILLED GUNPOWDER MAY HAVE

35:32 - FLASHED UP INTO THE OPEN PARA

35:36 - POWDER BARREL THAT WAS

35:37 - ACCIDENTALLY OPENED. THAT

35:39 - WASN'T OPENED ON PURPOSE.

35:40 - I DON'T THINK THAT PURPOSE.

35:42 - HE WAS ACTUALLY TAKING

35:43 - GUNPOWDER OUT AND PUTTING THEM

35:45 - IN SMALLER CONTAINERS. IT'S

35:47 - LIKE MAKING COOKIES. THE OLD

35:48 - FASHIONED WAY WITH GRANDMA MADE

35:49 - THEM NO MATTER HOW CAREFUL YOU

35:51 - ARE WITHOUT FLOUR, IT'S GOING

35:53 - TO FALL ON THE FLOOR.

35:54 - SO THAT SHOULD HAVE HAPPENED.

35:56 - THAT WOULD HAVE, BUT IT

35:57 - PROBABLY DID. I NEVER SAW THAT.

35:59 - THAT'S NEWS TO ME THAT HE WAS

36:02 - ACTUALLY TRANSFERRING POWDER

36:04 - FROM OPEN BARRELS ON THE

36:06 - LOADING DOCK BECAUSE THAT THAT

36:08 - NEVER HAPPENED. THAT WAS NOT

36:10 - SUPPOSED TO HAPPEN IS AGAINST

36:11 - THE RULES STAFF AND SO IF

36:13 - THAT'S TRUE, THAT'S THE SMOKING

36:15 - GUN. CAME ON AS A WEST. I

36:19 - BELIEVE IN THAT SORT. AND THEY

36:21 - THE MILITARY INQUESTS SAID WE

36:24 - CAN CONCLUDE THAT THERE WAS AN

36:26 - CAUSED LOSS OF LIVES AND

36:28 - PROPERTY.

36:29 - >>AND IT MAY HAVE BEEN CAUSED

36:31 - BY THE ACTIONS OF DECEASED

36:34 - ROBERT SMITH CLIMBING ON A

36:37 - BARREL GUN POTTER NOW IN HIS

36:39 - TESTIMONY, FRICK SAID THAT

36:41 - SMITH WAS FOR BARRELS OF

36:44 - GUNPOWDER, WHICH WOULD MEAN HE

36:46 - STEPPING OVER THEM AND THEY ASK

36:49 - HIM, DID ROBERT SMITH HAVE

36:51 - NAILS IN HIS BOOTS AND FRICK?

36:54 - SO I CAN'T ANSWER THAT. BUT

36:56 - THERE WAS WHILE THEY WERE

36:57 - PROVIDING MOCCASINS FOR THE

36:59 - GIRLS, WHAT THEY DID NOT HAVE

37:01 - ADEQUATE NUMBER OF MOCCASINS

37:03 - FOR THE MEN AND OFTEN TIMES

37:05 - THEY WOULD COME WITH THICK

37:06 - LEATHER BOOTS OR EVEN NAILS IN

37:08 - THEIR BOOTS AND ACT LIKE

37:09 - CLEATS. SO THE LEATHERWOOD

37:11 - AFTER ESPECIALLY THE DRE MAN OR

37:13 - THE DELIVERY MAN.

37:15 - >>THEY WEREN'T REQUIRED TO WEAR

37:17 - SPECIAL GEAR IS REALLY THE

37:19 - PEOPLE WHO WORK IN THE LABS

37:21 - THAT HAD TO WEAR AND TAKE

37:23 - SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS. PLUS THE

37:25 - RED. YOU HAVE TO CONSERVE RED

37:27 - RITUALLY WAS A DIRT ROAD AND SO

37:29 - EVERY TIME YOU WENT OVER IT,

37:31 - THERE WERE ROCKETS AND JOHN

37:33 - POTTER IS SHAKING UP THE

37:34 - BARRELS AND HE SAID.

37:37 - WHEN THEY DID PUT IN A ROAD WAS

37:39 - CALLED A MCADAM ROAD AND IT'S

37:41 - BASICALLY LIKE YOU'RE STONED.

37:43 - GRAVEL DRIVEWAY. HE USES A

37:45 - COMBINATION OF LARGE TENTS AND

37:47 - SMALL STEMS. WELL, SOME OF THE

37:50 - ACCOUNTS SAY THAT IT WAS A HARD

37:51 - STONE, SOME SAY WAS A FLINTY.

37:53 - START MOST LIKELY THE MATERIAL

37:55 - THAT WAS USED IN THAT ROAD WAS

37:57 - VERY FREQUENTLY FOUND IN

37:59 - PENNSYLVANIA. WESTERN

38:00 - PENNSYLVANIA IS CALLED CHART

38:02 - AND IT HAS A HIGH CONCENTRATION

38:03 - OF OUR FLOOD. SO IF WE WOULD

38:05 - HAVE BEEN THERE WHEN THE

38:06 - EXPLOSION HAPPENED, BUT WHAT

38:07 - WE'VE SEEN. IT WAS A DAY OF HAR

38:11 - AS JIM SAID, ABOUT 2 O'CLOCK

38:13 - IN THE AFTERNOON. MANY OF THE

38:16 - GIRLS WERE LINING UP TO GET

38:18 - THEIR HIS PAYDAY SOME WERE

38:21 - STILL IN THE LABORATORY IS

38:22 - WORKING AND THEN THIS HORRIFIC.

38:27 - RIPS THROUGH THE LABORATORIES,

38:30 - STARTING AT THE LOADING DOCK.

38:31 - THERE'S A SECOND BOOM. IT'S SO

38:33 - LOUD THAT IT'S HEARD ALL OVER

38:35 - TOWN. WINDOWS ARE BLOWN FROM A

38:38 - JASON WINDOWS PEOPLE GO FLYING

38:42 - BODY PARTS. THEY TALK ABOUT

38:44 - INTESTINES BEING SPREAD OUT

38:47 - OVER THE GROUNDS. LIMBS FALLING

38:50 - IN TREES BLOCKS AWAY THE FIRE

38:54 - IS INTENSE AND IT GOES ALMOST

38:56 - IMMEDIATELY. GIRLS ARE RUSHING

38:58 - TO THE WINDOWS. THEY BUT

39:00 - THEY'RE CRUSHED TOGETHER ON THE

39:01 - STAIRS THERE, TRYING TO GET

39:03 - OUT. THEY JUST THROW THEMSELVES

39:05 - OUT THE WINDOWS ON FIRE.

39:07 - ALEXANDER MCBRIDE, THE

39:09 - SUPERINTENDENT OF THE LABS.

39:11 - HE RUSHES BACK INTO ONE OF THE

39:13 - BURNING BUILDINGS. HE'S LOOKING

39:15 - FOR HIS DAUGHTER. KATE MCBRIDE

39:17 - IS A 15 YEAR OLD CARTRIDGE.

39:19 - A ROLLER. HE COMES IN JUST IN

39:22 - TIME TO SEA. THE TRUSSES OF

39:23 - THE ROOF ON FIRE COLLAPSING ON

39:26 - THE GIRLS. HE NEVER FINDS HIS

39:29 - DAUGHTER OR AT LEAST HE'S NOT

39:31 - THERE IN TIME TO SAVE HER.

39:33 - HE DOES LB OUT THE FLAMES ON

39:36 - OTHER GIRLS, CLOTHING AND DRAGS

39:38 - THEM OUT. IT'S A CURIOUS THING

39:40 - WE THINK ABOUT FASHION AND WE

39:42 - IMAGINE THAT THESE GIRLS

39:44 - WEARING PRACTICAL OF A FACTORY

39:48 - WORKER, A LOT OF THEM WERE

39:49 - WEARING HOOP SKIRTS. I'M

39:52 - SERIOUS HOOP SKIRTS. NOT JUST

39:54 - THE A SATIN SILK OR WILL OR

39:58 - LINDSAY WOOLSEY.

40:00 - >>DRESSED MATERIAL, BUT ACTUAL

40:02 - HOOPS UNDERNEATH THEM BECAUSE

40:03 - AT THE END OF THE DAY, PEOPLE

40:05 - COMMENTED ON THE STEEL SPRING

40:08 - HOOPS BEING ALL THAT VISIBLE

40:12 - AMID THE SKELETONS OF THE

40:15 - GIRLS. MANY OF THOSE GIRLS WERE

40:17 - SO BADLY BURNED THEIR FAMILIES

40:20 - COULD AND IDENTIFY THEIR

40:21 - BODIES. AND THEY WERE PACKED

40:23 - UP INTO SMALL BOXES AND

40:26 - MINIATURE COFFINS. IT WAS A

40:29 - SCENE OF HORROR THAT PITTSBURGH

40:32 - WILL NEVER FORGET. AND I THINK

40:34 - THAT'S ONE OF THE REASON THAT

40:36 - STAT AFTER IN THE AFTERMATH OF

40:40 - THE EXPLOSION, THE PEOPLE OF

40:42 - THE CITY WERE WERE ANGRY.

40:44 - THEY WANTED TO FIND A

40:45 - SCAPEGOAT. THEY WANTED TO FIND

40:47 - AN WHAT WAS IT THAT KILLED

40:50 - THERE? THEIR DAUGHTERS AND

40:52 - THEIR SONS AND SO THAT

40:55 - CORONER'S INQUEST THAT JIM

40:57 - TALKED ABOUT WAS VERY IMPORTANT

41:00 - IN SORT OF IT. THE HEALING

41:02 - PROCESS FOR PITTSBURGH. THEY

41:04 - WANTED CLOSURE, BUT THEY WANTED

41:06 - TO KNOW WHO TO BLAME IT ON AND

41:08 - SIGNING TON HAD TO GET OUT OF

41:09 - TOWN. I MEAN, HE HE WAS

41:12 - EXONERATED BY THE MILITARY IN

41:15 - COREY. BUT THE CORONER'S

41:17 - INQUEST POINTED THE FINGER AT

41:19 - HIM. AND ALSO LIEUTENANT EDDIE

41:22 - AND JASPER MYERS AND JESPER

41:24 - MYERS. THESE ARE THE

41:25 - SUBORDINATES OF SIMONTON AND

41:28 - THESE PEOPLE IN PITTSBURGH, ALL

41:30 - THEY WANTED BLOOD. WELL, I

41:32 - THINK WHAT'S INTERESTING ABOUT

41:33 - ALEXANDER MCBRIDE AS LATE AS

41:35 - THE EARLY 1900'S HE'S TRYING

41:37 - TO GET COMPENSATION FOR THE

41:39 - FAMILIES OF THE VICTIMS OF THE

41:41 - ALLEGHENY ARSENAL. BUT IT WAS

41:43 - TO NO AVAIL. ALSO, WHEN ANDY

41:45 - DESCRIBES THIS HORROR SEEN A

41:47 - BODY PARTS FLYING ALL OVER THE

41:49 - PLACE.

41:50 - >>IT'S KIND OF IT. IT'S ONLY

41:51 - TAKES ABOUT 20 MINUTES FOR THE

41:53 - ENTIRE LABORATORY TO BE

41:54 - DESTROYED. SO WHAT YOU'RE

41:56 - FACING HERE ARE ALL THESE

41:58 - EXPLODING CARTRIDGES AND YOU

42:00 - GOT SICK. WHITE SMOKE FROM THE

42:02 - BURNING POTTER. YOU HAVE THESE

42:03 - BURNING TIMBERS GIVING OFF

42:05 - THICK BLACK SMOKE. THERE MUST

42:07 - BE THE TERRIBLE STENCH OF

42:08 - BURNING BODIES THEY IDENTIFY

42:11 - 45 PEOPLE OUT OF 78 KILLED.

42:16 - THEY WERE ABLE TO IDENTIFY 45

42:17 - BODIES.

42:19 - AND MOST OF THEM WERE BURIED IN

42:21 - ALLEGHENY CEMETERY AND ALTHOUGH

42:24 - THERE'S A MONUMENT THAT WAS

42:25 - ERECTED IN 1928, LIST ALL 78

42:29 - NAMES. I BELIEVE THERE'S ABOUT

42:31 - 12 GIRLS THAT WERE ACTUALLY

42:33 - BURIED AND ADJOINING SAINT MARY

42:35 - CEMETERY. AND THERE WAS ONE

42:37 - PERSON THAT WAS BURIED IN

42:39 - BEAVER COUNTY THIS IS A

42:41 - HORRIBLE EVENT BY ANY STANDARD.

42:43 - BUT WHY DON'T MORE AMERICANS

42:45 - KNOW ABOUT THIS IN THE GREATER

42:46 - STORMS OF WAR?

42:48 - >>I THINK THE REASON AMERICA

42:50 - DOES KNOW ABOUT TODAY AND

42:52 - DIDN'T FOCUS ON IT IN 18.

42:54 - 62 WAS THAT IT WAS HAPPENING

42:57 - AT EXACTLY THE SAME TIME AS THE

43:00 - DEADLIEST DAY IN AMERICAN

43:01 - HISTORY. THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM

43:04 - ONLY 100 MILES AWAY AND THE

43:06 - NATION AND THE WORLD TURNED

43:08 - ITS ATTENTION TO THAT CAR.

43:11 - SO THIS THIS TRAGEDY IN

43:13 - PITTSBURGH JUST COMPOUNDED THAT

43:15 - THAT

43:15 - TERRIBLE TRAGEDY.

43:17 - >>WELL, THAT IN ADDITION TO THE

43:18 - FACT THAT I REALLY DON'T THINK

43:20 - THAT'S BURKE HAS A DEEP

43:21 - APPRECIATION FOR ITS HISTORY

43:23 - AND HERITAGE. WHEN WE CELEBRATE

43:25 - OUR 200 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE

43:27 - FALL OF FORT DUQUESNE, THE

43:29 - FOUNDING OF PITTSBURGH PER SE.

43:31 - IT. HOW DO WE CELEBRATE?

43:33 - WE PLAN TO 250 TREATS NOW.

43:35 - THAT'S AN ARBOR DAY

43:36 - CELEBRATION. THAT'S NOT

43:38 - HISTORICAL CELEBRATION. AND I

43:41 - THINK IS AND HE SAID IT WAS

43:43 - A MINOR EVENT COMPARED TO WHAT

43:45 - HAPPENED THE DAY ON TV. BUT

43:47 - AS RESULT IN 2012 OF WHAT ANDY

43:51 - AND HIS STAFF DID HERE WITH

43:53 - COLD CASE BRINGING IN A MOCK

43:55 - TRIAL, BRINGING IN A FORENSIC

43:57 - EXPERT LIKE CYRIL WECHT, WHO IS

43:59 - INTERNATIONALLY RENOWNED AND

44:02 - OTHER OTHER PEOPLE THAT WERE

44:04 - FAMILIAR WITH THE ALLEGHENY

44:05 - ARSENAL THAT STARTED TO TURN

44:07 - THE ATTENTION BUT ALSO TO

44:11 - COMMEMORATE THAT HORRIBLE EVENT

44:13 - AND HONOR THE 78 PEOPLE KILLED

44:16 - IN SEPTEMBER 2012, THE

44:18 - LAWRENCEVILLE, HISTORICAL

44:19 - SOCIETY AND THE SONS OF UNION

44:21 - VETERANS ACTUALLY HELD A

44:23 - ONE-DAY EVENT IN OUR SNOW PARK

44:25 - WHERE WE BROUGHT IN

44:26 - RE-ENACTORS. WE BROUGHT IN

44:29 - CAN'T CIVIL WAR CANNONS.

44:30 - WE PRIDE IN A GUN DEMONSTRATION

44:33 - TO SHOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN

44:35 - SLOW BURNING MODERN POTTER,

44:36 - WHICH POPS UP IN THE 18 90'S

44:38 - FOR SAYS POTTER. WE ALSO HAD

44:41 - SOME PRESENTATIONS THERE WERE

44:44 - ALSO A NUMBER OF LECTURES PUT

44:46 - ON BY THE LAWRENCEVILLE,

44:47 - HISTORICAL SOCIETY, THE VARIOUS

44:49 - HISTORICAL SOCIETIES IN CIVIL

44:51 - WAR ROUND TABLES THROUGHOUT

44:52 - THE AREA. AND I THINK THE FIRST

44:55 - TIME THAT THIS EVENT MADE ITS

44:58 - WAY PAST THE NEW PITTSBURGH

45:00 - NEWSPAPERS BECAUSE THIS 100

45:02 - 50TH ANNIVERSARY DIDN'T MAKE

45:04 - THE PITTSBURGH POST GAZETTE.

45:05 - PITTSBURGH TRIBUNE IN EASTON

45:08 - NEWSPAPER CALLED THE BULLET N

45:10 - AND THE PITTSBURGH CATHOLIC.

45:12 - BUT IT WAS PICKED UP BY THE

45:13 - ASSOCIATED PRESS AND WAS

45:15 - CARRIED AT LEAST 15 MAJOR

45:17 - NEWSPAPERS ACROSS THE COUNTRY.

45:20 - I'LL TELL YOU WHAT'S REALLY

45:21 - MADE THE NEWS LATELY, THOUGH,

45:24 - 2 WEEKS AGO.

45:25 - >>A CACHE OF 300 CANNON BALLS

45:28 - WAS FOUND THAT ALLEGHENY

45:29 - ARSENAL AS THEY WERE EXCAVATING

45:32 - WITH A BACKHOE FOR SOME NEW

45:33 - APARTMENTS THAT WERE GOING

45:35 - IN THERE AND TALK ABOUT A

45:37 - MEMORY AND HISTORY PEOPLE IN

45:41 - PITTSBURGH, I THINK DIDN'T KNOW

45:43 - ABOUT THE ALLEGHENY ARSENAL

45:44 - EXPLOSION. THEY HAD BEEN HEARD

45:46 - OF THE GOOD WORK THAT THE

45:47 - LAWRENCEVILLE, HISTORICAL

45:48 - SOCIETY IS DONE AND THEY'VE

45:50 - BEEN HERE TO THE HISTORY CENTER

45:52 - TO TO SEE OUR ALLEGHENY ARSENAL

45:54 - EXHIBIT ARE TAKING PART IN THAT

45:56 - COLD CASE TRIAL THAT WE DID.

45:58 - AND SO WHEN THEY FOUND 300

46:00 - CANNON BALLS, PEOPLE SAID, WOW,

46:02 - WE'RE SITTING ON TOP OF A TIME

46:04 - BOMB. IT COULD GO ANY MINUTE.

46:06 - >>BUT WHAT I THINK WE CAN HELP

46:09 - PEOPLE UNDERSTAND IS THAT.

46:11 - >>THOSE OLD SPEAR CALL BALLS

46:14 - THOSE GROUND BALLS WITH THAT.

46:16 - >>BLACK GUN POWDER INSIDE ARE

46:18 - REALLY VERY STABLE. THEY'RE NOT

46:20 - LIKE MODERN GUNPOWDER NIGHT.

46:22 - ROSSELLO'S POWDER DYNAMITE.

46:26 - THAT WAS THE INVENTED ALFRED

46:29 - NOBEL IN 18. YOU KNOW, YOU'VE

46:33 - HEARD ABOUT DYNAMITE, SWEATING

46:35 - AND HOW IT CAN SNAP AND POP

46:38 - WHEN HE GETS OLD THAT HAPPENS

46:41 - WITH EXPLOSIVES. BUT DURING THE

46:44 - CIVIL WAR, THEY WERE USING

46:45 - BLACK POWDER CHARCOAL SELL FOR

46:47 - AND SALT. PETER AND OVER TIME

46:50 - THAT ACTUALLY AFTER HE'S BEEN

46:54 - IT OFF AND IT WON'T EVEN A

46:56 - LIGHT WITH A BLOW TORCH AND

46:58 - SO THESE SHELLS THAT WILL SHOW

47:01 - YOU FROM OUR COLLECTION THE

47:04 - SHELLS HAVE A PEWTER FUSES ON

47:07 - THEM THAT ARE MADE SO THEY CAN

47:10 - GO OFF ACCIDENTALLY. THEY'RE

47:11 - MADE TO BE BOUNCED AROUND IN

47:14 - THAT CASE ONGOING OVER HILL.

47:16 - AND DALE ROLLING AROUND, YOU

47:18 - HAVE TO PUT FIRE INTO THEM TO

47:20 - GET THEM TO EXPLODE. YOU CAN

47:23 - HIT HIM WITH A HAMMER. DROP HIM

47:24 - OFF A BUILDING OR AROUND ON

47:27 - THE GROUND TO MAKE THEM GO AU.

47:29 - SO WHEN PEOPLE FIND THE SPIRIT

47:31 - CULL PROJECTILES IN THEIR

47:33 - BACKYARDS AND MARTINSVILLE OR

47:36 - THE CONSTRUCTION SITE THERE

47:38 - THEY DO THE RIGHT THING TO CALL

47:39 - IN THE POLICE AND LET THE

47:42 - HISTORIANS AND THE THE BOMB

47:44 - SQUAD TO DEAL WITH THEM.

47:46 - BUT THEY'RE REALLY VERY STABLE

47:48 - AND WE DON'T HAVE TO WORRY

47:49 - ABOUT A RECURRENCE OF THE

47:51 - TRAGEDY OF 18. 62.

47:53 - >>WELL, I FIND INTERESTING

47:54 - ABOUT AND HE SAID IS THAT

47:56 - DEMONSTRATES HOW FAR WE CAN IN

47:58 - THE LAST 40 YEARS BECAUSE IN

48:00 - 1972 IPHONE, 1200, THE SPEAR

48:03 - CANNON BALLS. AND I DID TALK

48:05 - TO A COUNTY DETECTIVE IT WITH

48:07 - THE BOMB SQUAD AT THE TIME AND

48:09 - HE SAYS IT'S VERY UNSTABLE.

48:12 - YOU GOT TO REALLY BE CAREFUL

48:13 - WITH THIS STUFF AND THAT WAS

48:15 - THE PREVAILING PHILOSOPHY.

48:17 - WELL, INTO THE 1990'S. IF YOU

48:19 - HAVE ONE OF THE SHELLS, GET

48:21 - RID OF IT. IT'S DANGEROUS IS A

48:22 - HAND GRENADE READY TO GO OFF?

48:25 - AND NOW WITH A NEW TECHNOLOGY

48:27 - WITH FOAM WERE ABLE TO

48:30 - STABILIZE THESE AND HOPEFULLY

48:33 - IT WILL GET A HOLD OF ALL 300

48:35 - AND HAVE WON HIS BOMB SQUAD.

48:36 - EXPERTS DEFUSE THEM.

48:38 - >>WE DO. YOU HAVE SOME

48:39 - SPECIMENS HERE THAT WERE FOUND

48:41 - IN 1972. AT ALLEGHENY ARSENAL

48:43 - AND WE'VE CUT THEM IN HALF.

48:45 - YOU CAN SEE THE SHRAPNEL BALLS

48:47 - AND THERE YOU CAN SEE THE

48:49 - BURSTING CHARGE AND THE PEWTER

48:51 - BORMAN FUSE THAT MAKES THESE

48:54 - BOTH SAFE AND TRANSPORTS AND

48:56 - HANDLING BUT VERY WHEN YOU

49:00 - INSERT FIRE INTO THEM AND BURST

49:02 - THEM OVER AN ENEMY IN 1972,

49:05 - THEY ACTUALLY TOOK THE ONES

49:06 - THEY FOUND AND TOOK HIM OUT TO

49:08 - FORT INDIANTOWN GAP TO BE

49:09 - DESTROYED BECAUSE THEY THOUGHT

49:11 - THEY'RE JUST TOO DANGEROUS TO

49:12 - LAYING AROUND.

49:14 - >>JIM, YOU LIVE IN

49:15 - LAWRENCEVILLE. IF WE WENT THERE

49:16 - TODAY, WHAT CAN WE SEE THAT'S

49:18 - LEFT OF

49:18 - THE ARSON? THERE'S PROBABLY

49:20 - ONLY FOR IN ADDITION TO SOME OF

49:22 - THE REMNANTS OF WALLS, THERE

49:23 - ARE 4 BUILDINGS.

49:25 - >>ONE IS WHERE BECAUSE THE STEM

49:27 - HOT INSIDE ARE STILL PARK.

49:29 - THAT WAS TO COME. POTTER

49:30 - MAGAZINE WAS CAPABLE OF HOLDING

49:32 - 1300 BARRELS OF GUNPOWDER,

49:34 - ALTHOUGH I DOUBT IT WAS EVER

49:35 - FILLED TO CAPACITY. AND THAT'S

49:37 - PRETTY ONE. THE OLDEST

49:38 - BUILDINGS IN THE CITY OF

49:39 - PITTSBURGH. AS FAR AS I CAN

49:40 - TELL, IT WAS BUILT BETWEEN 18,

49:42 - 17, 18, 19. THERE ARE 2 GARAGES

49:46 - NEAR PENN AND 39TH STREET WHICH

49:48 - ARE RUN BY THE COUNTY

49:50 - FACILITIES THAT COUNTY HEALTH

49:52 - FACILITIES AND THESE WERE THEY

49:54 - CALL THEM LABORATORIES AT THE

49:55 - TIME. ONE OF THEM IS PROBABLY

49:57 - ONE OF THE OLDEST MUNICIPAL

49:59 - BUILDINGS STILL IN USE AND THEN

50:02 - WHERE THEY FOUND THE CANNON

50:03 - BALLS JUST RECENTLY THERE WAS A

50:06 - BUILDING THAT THEY'RE BUILDING

50:07 - FOR WAREHOUSING AND THEN A

50:08 - CHANGE OF 2 OFFICERS QUARTERS

50:10 - IN 18, 66. BUT WE REALLY DON'T

50:13 - HAVE A REAL APPRECIATION OF

50:15 - OUR HERITAGE BECAUSE THOSE

50:17 - WALLS ARE IN TERRIBLE SHAPE.

50:19 - AND THE COUNTY AND A PORTION

50:21 - OF THAT PROPERTY AND NUMBER

50:24 - YEARS AGO, THEY TOOK DOWN A

50:25 - PORTION, A WALL AND IT'S STILL

50:27 - SITTING. POWELL STANDS ON THEIR

50:29 - PROPERTY. THEY NEVER REBUILT

50:31 - REMINDERS OF ALLEGHENY ARSENAL

50:34 - ARE REALLY ALL ABOUT US.

50:35 - >>IN SOME OF THE OTHER

50:37 - BUILDINGS IN LAWRENCEVILLE.

50:39 - YOU CAN SEE PIECES AND PARTS OF

50:41 - THE OLD ARSENAL WHEN IT WAS

50:43 - DISMANTLED IN THE EARLY 19,

50:46 - 100'S PEOPLE ADAPTED, THEIR

50:49 - REUSED PIECES OF IT. PEOPLE

50:51 - WHO ARE DIGGING IN THEIR

50:52 - GARDENS MIGHT MELTED, LED MANY

50:57 - FROM THAT TERRIBLE DAY IN 18.

51:00 - 62 FRAGMENTS SCRAPS OF BRASS

51:03 - AND IRON FROM THE THE MILITARY

51:07 - SHOPS THAT WENT ON THERE, EVEN

51:09 - SOME OF THE PRIV THAT ARE IN

51:11 - THE BACKYARDS BEAR EVIDENCE

51:14 - OF THE PEOPLE WHO LIVED AROUND

51:17 - THE ARSENAL AND WORK AND YOU'LL

51:19 - FIND BULLETS AND CARTRIDGE

51:22 - FRAGMENTS AND MILITARY GEAR,

51:25 - SOME OF ITS TOLL. AND THEY HAD

51:26 - A REAL PROBLEM WITH WORKERS

51:28 - TAKING HOME THINGS AND THEN

51:30 - SELLING THEM ON THE BLACK

51:32 - MARKET. BUT YOU'LL ALSO SEE

51:34 - THE PAT MEDICINE BOTTLES AND

51:36 - TOYS AND BROKEN PIPES AND THE

51:39 - EVERYDAY THINGS OF THE PEOPLE

51:41 - WHO MADE ALLEGHENY ARSENAL.

51:43 - THE ARSENAL OF THE UNION.

51:45 - >>WHAT IN YOUR OPINION SHOULD

51:47 - BE THE ULTIMATE LEGACY OF THIS

51:48 - EVENT? WE ALWAYS CLOSE WITH

51:50 - THIS QUESTION. SO WELL

51:51 - THROUGHOUT. I LIKE TO SEE THAT

51:53 - THE MEMORY OF THE 78 AMERICAN

51:55 - PATRIOTS IS PRESERVED.

51:57 - >>IT WASN'T UNTIL 2012 AFTER

52:00 - 150 YEARS THAT THEY FINALLY

52:02 - STARTED TO GET SOME

52:04 - RECOGNITION. AND I HOPE THEY

52:06 - DON'T HAVE TO WAIT ANOTHER 150

52:07 - YEARS BEFORE WE HAVE A SERIES

52:09 - OF EVENTS TO COMMEMORATE THEIR

52:11 - PATRIOTISM.

52:13 - >>I THINK THERE ARE A COUPLE OF

52:14 - THINGS THAT LESSONS THAT WE CAN

52:16 - LEARN FROM THIS ONE IS THE WAR

52:20 - IS NOT JUST FOUGHT ON THE

52:23 - THERE'S FIGHTING ON THE HOME

52:24 - FRONT. THERE ARE PEOPLE WHO

52:26 - ARE SACRIFICING AND DYING TOO

52:29 - HELP SUPPORT THE UNION WAR

52:31 - EFFORT. AND THESE 78 YOUNG

52:34 - WOMEN AND PAID THE ULTIMATE

52:37 - PRICE. I THINK IT'S ALSO

52:39 - INTERESTING THAT IT HAPPENED

52:41 - HERE IN PITTSBURGH, A

52:42 - PITTSBURGH KNOWN AS AN CENTER.

52:46 - THE ARSENAL OF THE UNION BUT

52:49 - ALSO THE HOME OF ROSIE THE

52:51 - RIVETER. YOU KNOW THAT THAT WE

52:52 - CAN DO IT POSTER THAT CAME OUT

52:54 - IN FEBRUARY OF 1943. WAS DONE

52:57 - RIGHT HERE IN PITTSBURGH BY

52:59 - A WESTINGHOUSE ARTIST BY THE

53:01 - NAME OF JAY HOWARD MILLER.

53:02 - AND HE WAS IMPRESSED BY THE

53:05 - WOMEN WORE WORKERS HERE DURING

53:08 - WORLD WAR. 2 AND HE CAME OUT

53:10 - WITH THAT POSTER. HE SAID WE

53:12 - CAN DO IT THE SAME WEEK THAT A

53:15 - POPULAR SONG HIT THE RADIO

53:17 - CALLED ROSIE THE RIVETER.

53:20 - AND SO NOW WHEREVER YOU GO

53:21 - AROUND THE WORLD, WHEN YOU SEE

53:23 - THAT WE CAN DO IT POSTER AND

53:26 - YOU'RE REMINDED ROSIE THE

53:28 - RIVETER. SHE'S REALLY BEEN

53:30 - AROUND FOR A LONG TIME. FROM

53:33 - THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION TO THE

53:35 - CIVIL WAR TO TODAY, WOMEN HAVE

53:38 - BEEN PART OF OUR OUR MILITARY

53:41 - PAST.

53:43 - >>ON THAT NOTE, IT LIKE TO

53:43 - THANK MY GUESTS FOR JOINING US

53:45 - TODAY. AS ALWAYS, IF YOU HAVE

53:47 - QUESTIONS ABOUT TODAY'S EPISODE

53:48 - OR RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE

53:50 - EPISODES, PLEASE VISIT OUR

53:51 - WEBSITE AT PCN TV DOT COM FOR

53:54 - EVERYBODY HERE. BATTLEFIELD

53:55 - PENNSYLVANIA. I'M BRADY CRIES

53:57 - ARE SAYING SO LONG.