00:12 - >>BRIGADIER GENERAL

00:15 - ORIGINALLY FROM PENNSYLVANIA.

00:17 - AT A VERY YOUNG AGE MY FAMILY

00:18 - MOVED TO NORTH CAROLINA AND IT

00:20 - WAS FROM NORTH CAROLINA.

00:21 - RECEIVED UNEMPLOYMENT, A

00:22 - WEST POINT. I GRADUATED IN THE

00:25 - CLASS OF 1847 SPENT MOST OF MY

00:27 - CAREER BEFORE THE WAR. IN

00:29 - OT HILLARY. WHEN THE WAR BROKE

00:31 - OUT I WAS STATIONED IN THE WEST

00:32 - BUT WE WERE ALL ORDERED TO COME

00:34 - EAST. AND IT WAS VERY SHORTLY.

00:36 - I WAS GIVEN MY FIRST FIELD

00:37 - COMMAND, THERE'S A BUNCH OF

00:39 - WESTERN REGIMENTS MAINLY FROM

00:41 - WISCONSIN AND INDIANA. THEY

00:43 - WERE RUMORED TO BE VERY UNRULY

00:44 - DISCIPLINE, WISE, BUT I'D LIKE

00:46 - TO THINK THAT A WHIP THEM INTO

00:47 - SHAPE AND THEY LATER RECEIVED

00:49 - THE NICKNAME, THE IRON BRIGADE.

00:51 - NOW HAS I WAS WOUNDED. AND THE

00:53 - BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG WHEN I

00:55 - RETURNED TO DUTY. I

00:57 - WAS PROMOTED THAT WAS GIVEN

00:58 - COMMAND OF THE DIVISION

01:00 - AND THEN WHEN AN OPENING BECAME

01:02 - AVAILABLE IN THE SECOND CALL

01:03 - WAS REQUESTED LIKE A MAN THE

01:05 - SECOND DIVISION IN THE 2ND

01:06 - QUARTER. UNDER WINFIELD SCOTT

01:08 - HANCOCK.

01:12 - NOW IT'S JUNE.

01:13 - LATE JUNE. WE RECEIVED WERE THE

01:16 - ARMY OF THE POTOMAC HAS A NEW

01:17 - COMMANDER AND OLD ARMY FRIEND

01:19 - OF MINE BY THE NAME OF GEORGE

01:20 - GORDON MADE. THEN ONE NIGHT.

01:24 - WE GOT WORD

01:26 - ACTUALLY IT STARTED IN

01:27 - GETTYSBURG IN ANOTHER OLD

01:28 - FRIEND OF MINE. A MAJOR GENERAL

01:30 - JOHN REYNOLDS HAD BEEN KILLED.

01:33 - GENERAL MEAT SET FOR GENERAL

01:34 - HANCOCK AND HE WANTED HIM TO GO

01:35 - UP TO GETTYSBURG AND ACT IN HIS

01:37 - NAME TO SEE THE CONDITION OF

01:39 - AFFAIRS, THE GENERAL HANCOCK

01:42 - LEFT AND JOLIE DAUGHTER THAT I

01:43 - TAKE COMMAND OF THE

01:44 - 2ND QUARTER AND WAIT FOR THEIR

01:46 - ORDERS. THIS WAS UNUSUAL I WAS

01:48 - NOT THE RANKING GENERAL THIS

01:49 - WAS NOT THE WAY THINGS WERE

01:50 - DONE IN

01:51 - THE ARMY. THE GENERAL MEADE GOT

01:53 - THE PERMISSION TO ASSIGN

01:54 - COMMANDS AS HE SAW FIT AND HE

01:56 - STARTED EXERCISING IT RIGHT

01:57 - THERE. IT WAS EARLY IN THE

02:00 - MORNING. ON THE BEGINNING

02:02 - OF THE SECOND DAY. WHEN I

02:04 - FINALLY GOT THE SECOND GOAL

02:05 - INTO POSITION AND WE WERE

02:07 - ASSIGNED A PLACE ON CEMETERY

02:09 - RIDGE LEADING SOUTH FROM THE

02:10 - MAIN POSITIONS ON CEMETERY HILL

02:13 - AND CULP'S HILL.

02:17 - BY NOW YOU KNOW

02:17 - THE DISASTER STORY THE SECOND

02:19 - DAY WHEN SICKLES ADVANCED

02:20 - WITHOUT ADVISING ANYBODY IN

02:23 - PRETTY MUCH MADE A SHAMBLES OF

02:24 - HIS CORE WE HAD TO PULL UNITS

02:25 - FROM ALL OVER

02:26 - THE FIELD. THE PLUG THE HOLES

02:28 - IN HIS LINE AND BRING THEM BACK

02:29 - AT THE END OF THE DAY THE 3RD

02:31 - CALL HAD THEIR ORIGINAL LINE

02:32 - WITH ONLY 50% STRENGTH.

02:38 - CALLED A COUNCIL OF WAR.

02:41 - WELL I WAS THE JUNIOR OFFICER

02:42 - PRESENT I WAS SURPRISED THAT I

02:44 - WAS SOMEBODY TOLD ME THAT HE

02:45 - WANTED ME THERE BECAUSE I WAS

02:46 - NO LONGER IN THE COMMAND OF THE

02:47 - 2ND QUARTER GENERAL HANCOCK HAD

02:49 - RESUMED.

02:52 - REQUIRED OF THE COUNCIL OF WAR

02:54 - WE WERE GIVEN QUESTIONS.

02:57 - JUNIOR OFFICE ON THE FIRST ONE

02:59 - TO SPEAK.

03:01 - BASICALLY ALL THE

03:02 - OTHER OFFICERS PRESENT THEM

03:04 - AGREED WITH A FUNDAMENTAL POINT

03:05 - OF VIEW WHICH BASICALLY WAS

03:07 - THAT WE SHOULD STAY WHERE

03:08 - WE WERE MAKE THE NECESSARY

03:10 - CORRECTIONS TO THE DEPLOYMENT

03:11 - OF THE ARMY. NOT ATTACK.

03:14 - AND NOT WAIT.

03:17 - TO DO ANYTHING UNTIL LEE

03:18 - DID SOMETHING THERE WAS SOME

03:20 - MINOR DISAGREEMENTS TO THIS

03:21 - POINT BUT BY AND LARGE THAT'S

03:24 - WHAT THE COUNCIL DECIDED AND

03:26 - I'LL NEVER FORGET AT THE VERY

03:28 - END OF THE COUNCIL.

03:30 - WHEN THINGS WERE BREAKING UP

03:32 - AND EVERYONE WAS GOING BACK TO

03:33 - THEIR CAMPS. GENERAL MEADE CAME

03:35 - TO ME.

03:37 - AND SAID SOMETHING THAT I FOUND

03:38 - LATER TO BE VERY PROPHETIC

03:41 - GENERAL MEADE THEY BELIEVE TAX

03:43 - THE MALL WHERE DO YOU THINK IT

03:44 - WILL BE AND MY ANSWER TO YOU

03:46 - GENERAL WAS IF HE COMES WILL BE

03:48 - IN YOUR FRONT.

03:49 - >>IN THE CENTER OF OUR LIVES.

03:50 - WHY DO YOU SAY THAT GENERAL

03:52 - BECAUSE HE ATTACKED OUR FLANKS

03:54 - ON THE SECOND

03:55 - VIGOROUSLY WITH GREAT

03:57 - SLAUGHTER. AND THE FLANKS

03:59 - WAVERED BUT THEY HELD FAST AND

04:02 - HE'S GOING TO THINK THAT I

04:03 - STRIPPED THE CENTER OF TROOPS

04:05 - TO REINFORCE THE FLAX AND

04:07 - YOU'LL THINK THAT WE'RE WEAK IN

04:08 - THE CENTER.

04:10 - WELL I HOPE HE DOES ATTACK US

04:11 - IN THE SENATE GENERAL I ASSURE

04:12 - YOU WE WILL DEFEAT HIM, I'M

04:14 - SURE HE WILL.

04:18 - >>MY NAME IS HENRY

04:19 - JACKSON HOT THE BURGER GENERAL

04:21 - OF VOLUNTEERS, I'M THE CHIEF OF

04:24 - ARTILLERY OF THE ARMY OF

04:25 - THE POTOMAC, I'M A WEST POINT

04:27 - GRADUATE CLASS OF 1839. CAREER

04:30 - ARTILLERY OFFICER.

04:32 - IN SEPTEMBER THAT 1862 JUST

04:35 - DAYS BEFORE THE BATTLE OF

04:36 - ANTIETAM I WAS OFFERED

04:39 - THE POSITION OF CHIEF OF

04:40 - ARTILLERY BY GENERAL GEORGE

04:42 - MCCLELLAN.

04:46 - THE DECISION

04:47 - ON THE STIPULATION THAT I BE

04:48 - GIVEN TACTICAL AUTHORITY OVER

04:49 - THE GUY OVER OF THE ARMY'S

04:51 - ARTILLERY. AND I HELD

04:54 - THAT POSITION UNTIL THE END OF

04:56 - THE WAR. WELL WHEN SURRENDERED

04:59 - AT ATTICS IN.

05:01 - >>APRIL OF 1865.

05:05 - >>THE 3RD DAY GETTYSBURG.

05:08 - IN THE AFTERNOON OF JULY THE

05:09 - 3RD.

05:11 - THE LARGEST CAN AN EIGHT-OVER

05:13 - UNLEASHED ON THE NORTH AMERICAN

05:15 - CONTINENT TOOK PLACE.

05:20 - FEWER THAN 80 GUNS IN POSITION.

05:23 - ON

05:24 - CEMETERY RIDGE.

05:25 - THE CONFEDERATE ARTILLERY

05:27 - STRETCHED IN AN UNBROKEN LINE

05:29 - OF PROBABLY A 130 PIECES OF

05:30 - ARTILLERY ALONG SEMINARY,

05:32 - RIDGE. THE OPPOSITE OUR

05:34 - POSITION ON CEMETERY RIDGE.

05:37 - ALTHOUGH I KNEW WE HAD FEWER

05:39 - THAN 80 PIECES OF ARTILLERY.

05:42 - WITHIN RANGE TO RESPOND TO

05:43 - THEIR. TO THEIR BOMBARDMENT.

05:49 - I HAD ISSUED ORDERS TO ALL OF

05:52 - MY BATTERY COMMANDERS. WHEN THE

05:54 - RUBBLE STARTED IN.

05:56 - NOT TO RESPOND FOR 15 MINUTES.

06:00 - IN ORDER TO CONSERVE

06:01 - AMMUNITION.

06:03 - THERE HAD BEEN SOME SPECULATION

06:05 - IN THE

06:05 - HEADQUARTERS AREA. THAT'S THE

06:07 - WHAT THIS AH WHAT THE CANDIDATE

06:09 - MEANT IT WAS EITHER A COVER FOR

06:11 - A RETREAT OR PROBABLY DO AN

06:12 - ATTACK.

06:14 - SEEING THEIR UNBROKEN MASSIVE

06:15 - ARTILLERY OPPOSITE OURS I KNEW

06:17 - THAT WE DIDN'T THAT THAT WE

06:19 - WEREN'T FACING A RETREAT BY

06:21 - THE ENEMY. WE WERE COMING UNDER

06:22 - ASSAULT, YOU DON'T POSITION A

06:24 - 130 PIECES OF ARTILLERY OR MORE

06:26 - AN ORDER TO COVER A TREE.

06:30 - A ROAD SOUTH ALONG

06:31 - THE LINES. THE ISSUING ORDERS

06:33 - EVERY BATTERY COMMANDER.

06:36 - TO CONSERVE AMMUNITION.

06:39 - WE HAD 3 MAJOR

06:40 - GUN LINES. WHAT YOU WOULD CALL

06:42 - A BRACE OF ARTILLERY ABRASIVE

06:44 - ARTILLERY IS A LINE OF

06:45 - BATTERIES, A BATTERY OF

06:46 - ARTILLERY IN THE UNION ARMY IS

06:48 - TYPICALLY 6 GUNS.

06:50 - SOME OF THEM FOR GUNS, BUT MOST

06:51 - OF THEM CONSISTED OF 6 GUNS.

06:53 - SO ABRASIVE ARTILLERY

06:56 - WOULD BE A LINE OF BATTERIES,

06:58 - THERE WERE 3 MAJOR BRACES OF

07:01 - ARTILLERY TO THE NORTH. ALONG

07:03 - ZIEGLER'S GROVE CEMETERY HILL.

07:06 - YOU HAD THE GUNS OF MAJOR

07:08 - THOMAS OSBORNE WHO WAS THE 1ST

07:10 - QUARTER OR CHIEF IN THE SECOND.

07:15 - ANOTHER COMMAND OF CAPTAIN JOHN

07:17 - HAS OR WHO WAS THE 2ND QUARTER

07:18 - ARTILLERY CHIEF.

07:20 - THE SOUTHERN MOST BRACE OF

07:21 - GUNS, THE 3RD ONE FURTHER TO

07:23 - THE SOUTH. YOU HAD YOU HAD THE

07:26 - BATTERIES OF THE RESERVE

07:27 - ARTILLERY. THOSE WERE UNDER THE

07:29 - COMMAND OF COLONEL FREEMAN

07:30 - MCGILVRAY THERE WAS ACTUALLY A

07:32 - SAILOR FROM MASSACHUSETTS.

07:35 - BUT ONE OF THE MOST GIFTED ARE

07:36 - 2 WORDS THAT I EVER SAW THE

07:38 - RED STARTED IN WITH EVERYTHING

07:40 - THEY HAD. THERE WAS

07:42 - ALMOST ALLOWED. A THUNDEROUS

07:44 - CRASH.

07:46 - THE BOMBARDMENT BEGAN.

07:49 - MOST OF MY BATTERY OFFICERS.

07:52 - HE DID MY.

07:54 - ORDERS NOT TO RESPOND FOR 15

07:56 - MINUTES. SOME OF THE MORE EAGER

07:58 - BATTERY COMMANDERS STARTED IN A

08:00 - LITTLE EARLY.

08:02 - BUT I HAD ISSUED ORDERS FOR

08:03 - EACH OF THEM TO FIRE

08:05 - DELIBERATELY AND FOR EFFECT.

08:09 - YOU CONCENTRATE YOUR FIRE

08:11 - ON ONE BATTERY. DESTROY IT OR

08:14 - DRIVE IT FROM THE FIELD

08:16 - WHICHEVER COMES FIRST AND THEN

08:18 - MOVE ON TO THE NEXT.

08:20 - I DIDN'T WANT MY WHEN

08:22 - WASTING AMMUNITION AND WHAT I

08:23 - BELIEVE TO BE AN CAN

08:25 - UNPRODUCTIVE COUNTER BATTERY

08:27 - FIRE WHICH IS SIMPLY A SHOOTING

08:29 - AT THEM. BECAUSE THEY'RE

08:30 - SHOOTING AT US. THERE WAS VERY

08:33 - SICK THAT DAY THERE'S VERY

08:35 - HUMID.

08:37 - THE SMOKE WAS NOT WEARING OVER

08:38 - THE TARGET. I WANTED.

08:41 - EACH BATTERY COMMANDER TO

08:43 - ASCERTAIN AS MUCH DAMAGE.

08:47 - UPON THE ENEMY. BEFORE

08:49 - CONTINUING IS RATE OF FIRE.

08:52 - WE KNEW WE WERE COMING UNDER

08:54 - SAW WE HAD TO CUT WE HAD TO

08:55 - CONSERVE AMMUNITION TO BE BACK

08:59 - WHATEVER NUMBER OF TROOPS, THE

09:00 - ENEMY WAS GOING TO THROW AS.

09:04 - GENERAL HANCOCK.

09:07 - WRITING DOWN HIS LINE.

09:10 - THEY'RE TRYING TO BOLSTER THE

09:11 - MORALE OF HIS MEN.

09:15 - HE AND I HAD A DIFFERENCE

09:16 - OF OPINION, THEN HOWEVER, AND

09:18 - HOW TO RESPOND TO THIS CAN A

09:20 - NAME.

09:23 - THE CANON 8 ITSELF HAD GONE ON

09:25 - FOR ABOUT 2 HOURS.

09:29 - WE'RE NOT GOING TO TRADE THE

09:30 - RED SHOT FOR SHOT.

09:35 - WE WEREN'T SURE HOW MUCH DAMAGE

09:37 - WE WERE INFLICTING UPON THEM.

09:41 - AGAIN THE SMOKE SMOKE WAS.

09:44 - SLOW IN CLEARING OVER THE

09:46 - TARGET. FURTHER TO

09:48 - THE NORTH I MET WITH A MAJOR

09:50 - OSBORNE. THE MANNING, THE

09:53 - 11TH CORPS GUNS AND THAT WAS

09:55 - GENERAL OLIVER OTIS HOWARD

09:57 - COMMANDER OF THE 11TH FLOOR AND

09:59 - MYSELF.

10:01 - WE DECIDED THE CUT OR RATE OF

10:03 - FIRE AND DRAW THE ENEMY IN THEY

10:06 - SAID IF THIS ATTACK IS COMING.

10:09 - LET'S GET IT

10:10 - UNDER WAY

10:11 - AND WE'LL BLOW THEM APART IN

10:12 - THE FIELD RATHER THAN FRIED

10:14 - THEM SHOT FOR SHOT.

10:18 - I ISSUED ORDERS ALONG THE LINE.

10:21 - THE RATE OF FIRE BE SLACKING

10:23 - AND THEN CUT OUT ALTOGETHER.

10:25 - THE IDEA WAS TO DECEIVE THE

10:27 - ENEMY. IN 2.

10:30 - THINKING THAT THEY HAD EITHER

10:32 - DRIVEN ARE BACK. THE RICH.

10:41 - THE BATTERY COMMANDERS CUT THE

10:42 - RATE OF FIRE.

10:44 - AND EVENTUALLY SLACKENED OFF

10:48 - ALTOGETHER.

10:51 - GENERAL HANCOCK. ON SEEING THIS

10:55 - FELT THAT THIS WAS BAD FOR THE

10:56 - MORALE OF HIS MEN.

10:59 - THAT THE REBELS WERE FIRING AT

11:00 - US AND WE WERE NOT FIRING BACK

11:02 - AT THEM.

11:04 - HE RODE SOUTH ALONG HIS LINE.

11:07 - ISSUING THE

11:08 - CAPTAIN HAZARD ORDERS ORDERS,

11:10 - THE CAPTAIN HAS ARE HIS

11:11 - ARTILLERY CHIEF.

11:14 - THE INCREASES RATE OF FIRE.

11:17 - THEREBY EXPANDING HIS

11:18 - LONG-RANGE ORDINANCES GENERAL

11:20 - HANCOCK, THEN ROAD SOUTH

11:22 - OUTSIDE THE 2ND QUARTER, HE

11:24 - RODE INTO THE GUNS OF THE

11:26 - ARTILLERY RESERVE COMMANDED BY

11:28 - COLONEL MCGILVRAY THE THREAT

11:30 - AND KEPT THEM IN IT HE

11:31 - THREATENED. COLONEL MCGILL

11:32 - OVARIES, THE BATTERY COMMANDERS

11:35 - THAT BEING PLACED UNDER ARREST

11:37 - IF THEY DIDN'T FOLLOW HIS

11:39 - ORDERS. THE

11:42 - RESUME FIRING A COMEDY OVER AIR

11:44 - ARRIVES ON THE SCENE.

11:48 - HAS WORDS WITH GENERAL HANCOCK

11:50 - GENERAL HANCOCK.

11:53 - THREATENING PLACE CAFE OR

11:55 - COLONEL MCGILVRAY UNDER ARREST.

11:57 - COLONEL MCGILVRAY STOOD THERE

11:59 - DEFIANTLY AND TOLD GENERAL

12:01 - HANCOCK TO GO TO HELP.

12:03 - AS FAR AS HE WAS CONCERNED HE

12:05 - HAD RECEIVED HIS ORDERS FROM

12:06 - THE CHIEF OF ARTILLERY.

12:09 - AND BY GOD HE WAS GOING TO OBEY

12:11 - THEM.

12:15 - THIS IS WHAT WE CALL A CONFLICT

12:17 - OF COMMAND.

12:19 - NOW IN FAIRNESS THE

12:20 - GENERAL HANCOCK. HOW DO WE

12:22 - ARRIVED IN A CONFLICT OF

12:24 - COMMAND.

12:27 - AS I

12:27 - STATED EARLIER WHEN GENERAL

12:29 - MCCLELLAN APPOINTED ME CHIEF OF

12:31 - ORATORY.

12:32 - I DECIDED THAT I WOULD ACCEPT

12:34 - THE POSITION ONLY ON THE

12:35 - CONDITION THAT I BE GIVEN

12:36 - TACTICAL AUTHORITY OVER THE

12:38 - GUNS.

12:40 - PRIOR TO MY ASSUMING COMMAND OF

12:42 - THEIR ATTORNEY HILARY ACHIEVE

12:43 - AN ARTILLERY CHIEF.

12:44 - HIS ROLE WAS REALLY THAT OF AN

12:47 - AN ADVISOR AND

12:48 - AN ADMINISTRATOR. I WAS THE

12:50 - FIRST CHIEF OF ARTILLERY TO BE

12:52 - GIVEN TACTICAL AUTHORITY.

12:58 - BY EACH SUCCESSIVE THE

13:00 - COMMANDER OF THE ARMY OF THE

13:01 - POTOMAC FROM MCCLELLAN ALL THE

13:04 - WAY UP THROUGH GENERAL MEADE.

13:07 - THE PROBLEM WAS THAT THE

13:09 - AGREEMENT WAS VERBAL.

13:12 - THERE WAS NOTHING IN WRITING

13:13 - STIPULATING EXACTLY WHICH THE

13:16 - EXACTLY WHAT AUTHORITY THAT I

13:17 - HAD.

13:20 - MANY

13:20 - YA MANY IN CONSIDERED ME MERELY

13:23 - A A MEMBER OF GENERAL MEADE

13:25 - STAFF.

13:28 - >>TECHNICALLY I WAS BUT AS

13:30 - CHIEF OF ARTILLERY I ALSO HELD

13:33 - THE POSITION OF FIELD OFFICERS.

13:35 - >>SO THERE WAS

13:36 - SOME CONFUSION.

13:37 - >>ALONG.

13:38 - >>THOSE LINES AS TO EXACTLY HOW

13:41 - MUCH AUTHORITY I HAD.

13:43 - >>AS A RESULT OF GENERAL

13:44 - HANCOCKS ORDERS TO RESUME

13:46 - FIRING THE ENTIRE SECOND

13:48 - CORGAN LINE EXPENDED ALL OF ITS

13:51 - LONG-RANGE ORDINANCES. MANY OF

13:53 - THOSE GUNS,

13:54 - PARTICULARLY THE RIFLE GUNS HAD

13:56 - A RANGE 1800 YARDS OR MORE.

13:59 - AS A RESULT OF THOSE ORDERS.

14:02 - THE 2ND QUARTER GUN LINE FELL

14:04 - COMPLETELY SILENT. WHEN THE

14:06 - REBEL TROOPS BEGAN THEIR

14:07 - ADVANCE ACROSS THE FIELD.

14:09 - THE U.S.. ALL THEY HAD LEFT IN

14:11 - THEIR AMMUNITION CHEST.

14:13 - THEY'RE SHORT RANGE ORDINANCE

14:14 - NOTICE CANISTER WHICH IS

14:17 - WHICH IS THE FACT OF ONLY

14:19 - WITHIN A RANGE OF 400 YARDS.

14:22 - SO THE REDS HAD TO CROSS THE

14:24 - EMMETSBURG RUDE. BEFORE THE 2ND

14:26 - QUARTER GUNS CAN SWING INTO

14:27 - ACTION CANISTER. RENDERS YOUR

14:31 - THE CANISTER. THIS IS A.

14:35 - THE CENTRALLY A.

14:37 - 10 CAN LOADED WITH IRON BALL.

14:41 - FIRED ACROSS THE FIELD OF

14:42 - SHORT RANGE HAS A SHOTGUN TYPE

14:45 - EFFECT THAT MAY BE USED AT MASS

14:47 - TROOPS. THE INSIDE OF 400 YARDS

14:49 - OR CLOSER.

14:52 - THE REBEL FLAGS WERE

14:54 - BEING POUNDED THEN THE

14:56 - SUBMISSION. COLONEL MCGEE

14:59 - OVARIES GUNS ON THE RIGHT WING

15:01 - OF THEIR CHARGE WHICH WOULD BE.

15:07 - THE LEFT WING OF

15:08 - THEIR CHARGE.

15:12 - TRUMBULL AND PETTIGREW.

15:15 - THEIR FLAGS WERE POUNDED INTO

15:17 - SUBMISSION.

15:18 - FORCING EACH OF THE FLAGS TO

15:20 - MOVE TOWARDS THE CENTER.

15:24 - RELATIVELY SPEAKING THE

15:25 - SAFEST PLACE ON THE FIELD.

15:29 - FOR THOSE REBEL TROOPS

15:30 - WAS RIGHT IN FRONT OF THE 2ND

15:32 - QUARTER ONLINE RIGHT RIGHT IN

15:33 - FRONT OF CAPTAIN HAZARD GUNS.

15:36 - BECAUSE THOSE GUNS COULD NO

15:38 - LONGER SWING INTO ACTION.

15:39 - UNTIL THEY CROSS THE EMMETSBURG

15:41 - ROAD. WHEN THE

15:43 - TROOPS CROSS THE EMMETSBURG

15:44 - ROOM.

15:47 - THEN THE 2ND QUARTER GUNS WENT

15:49 - INTO ACTION.

15:52 - I CAN ONLY SAY IN CONCLUSION.

15:56 - MANY OF YOU KNOW THE STORY OF

15:57 - PICKETT'S CHARGE OR LINE WAS

15:58 - BREACHED AT THE CENTER. THAT

16:01 - THE TROOPS WERE DRIVEN BACK.

16:04 - BY INFANTRY REINFORCEMENTS ARE

16:06 - LINE HELD. BUT I CAN ALWAYS SAY

16:09 - IN CONCLUSION.

16:12 - HAD

16:13 - GENERAL HANCOCK. NOT ISSUED THE

16:15 - ORDERS THAT HE HAD. I DON'T

16:18 - BELIEVE FOR A MOMENT. THAT

16:21 - THOSE TROOPS WOULD REACH THAT

16:22 - LAW.

16:27 - >>THOUGH I AM BRIGADIER GENERAL

16:29 - JOHN BUFORD.

16:31 - GOING TO VISIT WITH YOU A

16:32 - LITTLE BIT ABOUT THE 3RD DAY.

16:35 - NOBODY FORCES OF THE

16:36 - CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA.

16:39 - AND THE UNITED STATES OF

16:40 - AMERICA.

16:41 - AND THE COMMANDER FIRST OF

16:43 - UNITED STATES CALVARY I MEAN.

16:47 - I DID BEGIN WAS

16:48 - NOT GETTYSBURG. ON THE 3RD DAY

16:51 - OF THE BALLOT. BUT

16:52 - I DO.

16:53 - >>KNOW WHAT WAS GOING ON VERY

16:55 - CLOSE FRIENDS WITH THE OTHER

16:56 - DIVISION COMMANDERS. ON THAT

16:58 - 3RD DAY. WE HAD BEEN RECALLED

17:02 - BACK TO WESTMINSTER.

17:04 - THE 2 A REFIT

17:06 - AND REST SIMPLY BECAUSE SINCE

17:08 - CHANCELLORSVILLE ABOUT MAY 5TH.

17:10 - WE HAVE BEEN IN CONSTANT

17:11 - THE MOVEMENT AND CONTACT WITH

17:14 - THE ENEMY AND SKIRMISHES ALL

17:15 - THE WAY THROUGH JULY 2ND,

17:18 - INCLUDING

17:19 - A MAJOR BATTLE AT BRANDY

17:21 - STATION

17:22 - OVER 14,000 CALORIE MEN ON BOTH

17:25 - SIDES ENGAGED AND BRANDY

17:27 - STATION. I DON'T PARTICULARLY

17:29 - LIKE NEWSPAPER REPORTERS

17:31 - BECAUSE THEY TELL US EVERYBODY

17:32 - WHAT WE'RE DOING I DON'T LIKE

17:33 - SPIES. BUT I ESPECIALLY DON'T

17:36 - LIKE OTHER OFFICERS WHO LIKED A

17:38 - FANCY THEMSELVES UP A LOT.

17:40 - AND SO I BRANDY STATION IT WAS

17:42 - A REALLY ENTERTAINING THING

17:44 - EVEN THOUGH WE DIDN'T

17:45 - SPECIFICALLY WHEN A BRANDY

17:46 - STATION WE THOUGHT JEB STUART

17:48 - THAT UNION CALVARY IS EVERY BIT

17:50 - AS GOOD AS THOSE SOUTHERN BOYS

17:51 - ARE. AND WE WALKED AWAY FROM

17:53 - BRAND NEW STATION HAVING

17:55 - CAPTURED JEB STUART READ SO

17:57 - CLIMB K THERE WAS A PRETTY

17:59 - SWEET LITTLE VICTORY THAT

18:00 - STUFF.

18:01 - >>SHOWING IT DRESSING UP FANCY

18:03 - DOESN'T MAKE YOU A BETTER

18:04 - SOLDIER.

18:06 - WE HAD A FEW OF THOSE DAN IS

18:07 - WITHIN THE UNION RANKS ALSO BY

18:10 - THE WAY AND THAT WILL COME INTO

18:11 - PLAY HERE IN A LITTLE BIT.

18:13 - >>BUT FROM BRANDY STATION UNTIL

18:14 - ABOUT MIDDAY ON JULY 2ND.

18:16 - MY DIVISION WAS CONSTANTLY ON

18:18 - THE MOVE AND IN CONTACT WITH

18:20 - THE ENEMY. WE'RE BACK WHERE THE

18:22 - FIRST DIVISION ON

18:23 - JULY 2ND. THEY ACTUALLY HAVE

18:25 - CONTACT WITH THE ENEMY. WE HAVE

18:27 - DOUBLE ACT THAT NIGHT IN THE

18:28 - PEACH ORCHARD AND WHEAT FIELD

18:30 - ALONG THE M IS FOR ROAD.

18:31 - >>AND WE SAW THE MOVEMENTS OF

18:33 - THE CONFEDERATE.

18:35 - THE CORONER LONGSTREET MOVING

18:37 - TO THE SOUTH WE KNEW THERE WAS

18:38 - A CHANCE ARE GOING TO TRY TO

18:39 - OUTFLANK US. WE DID ENGAGE THEM

18:42 - GENERAL CIRCLES EVENTUALLY

18:43 - MOVED HIS CORE OF INFANTRY INTO

18:45 - THAT WE FEEL AND PEACH ORCHARD

18:47 - AREA WE WERE RECALLED SENT BACK

18:49 - TO WESTMINSTER TO REFIT REST.

18:51 - DID LEAVE A 2 REGIMENTS AND YOU

18:54 - KNOW WHAT.

18:58 - THEY OF JUNE OR JULY 3RD.

19:01 - BETTER ATTACK FROM THE WEST 100

19:03 - GENERALS. THE CUT

19:06 - THE TRUMBULL WORK

19:07 - WAS SUPPOSED TO BREAK THE UNION

19:09 - LINE ATTACKING FROM SEMINARY

19:11 - RIDGE WITH STORE

19:11 - WAS POSTED. THE TO THE EAST OF

19:14 - THE HOUR OUR UNION LINES, THE

19:16 - TRI NEITHER EXPLOIT THAT

19:18 - BREAKTHROUGH THE INFANTRY OR AT

19:21 - A MINIMUM TO PULLED UP

19:24 - AND CAPTURE. THE UNION ARMY

19:26 - AS WE WE'RE EXPECTED TO BE

19:28 - RETREATING. THE COVER WE HAD A

19:31 - GENERAL GREG,

19:33 - THE ENTIRE DIVISION, THERE ARE

19:34 - 3 DIVISIONS IN THE UNION

19:35 - CALVARY CORE ONE OF THEM SERVED

19:37 - UNDER GENERAL GREG DONNA

19:39 - HANOVER ROAD.

19:41 - AND THE BALTIMORE PIKE AND THEY

19:43 - WERE THERE TO ACTUALLY TO

19:44 - PROTECT THE PRODUCT OF THE

19:45 - UNION ARMY CASE CAN BETTER STEP

19:47 - UP

19:48 - LIKE THIS WHEN STEWART SHOWED

19:49 - UP COMING AROUND THE BACK SIDE

19:51 - OF OUR LINE. ATTORNEY

19:53 - GENERAL GREG STARTED TO

19:55 - ENGAGE THEM RONALDS FARM EAST

19:57 - OF TOWN HERE

19:58 - WAS ONE OF THE PRIMARY SITES OF

20:00 - THE ENGAGEMENT BETWEEN OUR

20:02 - CALVARY THE

20:04 - CONFEDERATE CALVARY ONE OF THE

20:06 - KEY ELEMENTS OF THE CONFEDERATE

20:07 - PLAN ON JULY 3RD WAS FOR JEB

20:09 - STUART'S CALVARY TO IN FACT

20:11 - MAKE A SURPRISE ATTACK ON THE

20:13 - REAR OF THE UNION LINE.

20:15 - >>HOWEVER FOR SOME

20:16 - UNKNOWN REASON THE ORDER DOES

20:18 - ARTILLERY TO FIRE OFF 4 ROUNDS

20:21 - THE PRIOR TO THE START OF HIS

20:23 - ATTACK WHICH ALERTED

20:25 - GENERAL GREG TO THE PRESENCE OF

20:27 - THE CONFEDERATE CALVARY AND

20:28 - ALLOW THEM TO GET THE FLOYD IN

20:31 - TIME

20:33 - BEGIN FORDING OF STUART PLANNED

20:35 - ATTACK ON THE REAR OF THE

20:36 - UNION LINE AND STUART NOT DONE

20:39 - THOSE FOR ARTILLERY SHOTS.

20:43 - THE UNION CALVARY MAY NOT

20:45 - HAVE KNOWN THIS PRESENTS NORTH

20:47 - OF THE REYNOLDS FARM AND HE MAY

20:49 - HAVE BEEN ABLE TO SWEEP HIS WAY

20:50 - THROUGH AND HIT THE REAR OF THE

20:52 - UNION LINE FOR THOSE FOR

20:53 - ARTILLERY ROUNDS THAT BECAME

20:55 - AWARE OF

20:55 - HIS PRESENCE AND WE'RE ABLE TO

20:58 - ENGAGE HIM BEFORE THEY GOT TO

21:00 - WHERE THEY WANTED TO BE THERE

21:03 - SEVERAL NOTABLE CHARGES

21:04 - OF CALVARY ONE OF THE UNIQUE

21:07 - THINGS WAS ATTORNEY GENERAL

21:08 - GREG THOUGHT HE NEEDED MORE MAN

21:09 - AND SO HE CALLED UP JOHN

21:12 - GANDEL CUSTER WHO SERVED UNDER

21:14 - GENERAL KILPATRICK IN THAT

21:16 - DIVISION.

21:17 - >>GREG CALLED UP CUSTER SAID

21:19 - BRING YOUR BRIGADE APPEAR TO

21:20 - HELP ME LETTING KILPATRICK KNOW

21:23 - SO CUSTER HAD REDEPLOYED TO

21:25 - SERVE UNDER GENERAL GREG.

21:27 - ONE CALLED PATRICK FOUND OUT

21:28 - THAT ONE OF HIS BRIGADE WAS

21:30 - GONE. HE ORDERED CUSTER BACK.

21:33 - CUSTER KNEW THERE'D BE SOME

21:34 - ACTION UP THERE WERE

21:35 - ATTORNEY GENERAL GREG WAS THAT

21:37 - HE DIDN'T WANT TO GO SO HE

21:38 - ASKED GENERAL GREGG WHO PLAYS

21:40 - ORDER HIM TO STAY UNDER GENERAL

21:43 - GREG THE MEDIA COMMAND OF THAT

21:44 - TIME DURING THAT TIME THERE

21:46 - WERE SEVERAL THE PHASES OF THAT

21:48 - CAVALRY BATTLE.

21:50 - EACH TIME THE CONFEDERATES WERE

21:51 - AFFORDED THEY DIDN'T MAKE A

21:52 - BREAKTHROUGH. BUT THERE ARE 3

21:54 - SIGNIFICANT CHARGES ALL LED BY

21:56 - GENERAL CUSTER THE 7TH

21:57 - MICHIGAN, THE 5TH MICHIGAN AND

22:00 - THE FINAL CHARGED WITH THE

22:02 - FIRST MICHIGAN WAS. HAS TOLD

22:04 - THE

22:04 - GENERAL CUSTER RAISED HIS SWORD

22:06 - AND SAID COME ON YOU WOLVERINES

22:08 - FOLLOW ME AND THEY CHARGED

22:09 - AGAIN AND AT THAT POINT THE

22:11 - CONFEDERATE CALVARY WAS NO

22:13 - LONGER ABLE TO ENTERTAIN A

22:15 - VISION OF BREAKING THROUGH

22:16 - THEIR FUNDS THE PURPOSE AND

22:18 - ROLE OF EITHER BREAKING INTO

22:19 - THE UNION LINES.

22:21 - OR OF CAPTURING A RETREATING

22:23 - UNION SOLDIERS WAS TOTALLY

22:25 - THROUGH ORDERED. AND GENERAL

22:26 - STEWART STARTED TO REMOVE

22:28 - HIMSELF. NOBODY CAN UNITE

22:31 - GENERAL CUSTER'S COURAGE OR

22:33 - BRAVERY BRAVERY OR ENTHUSIASM

22:36 - FOR BATTLE. THE SAME TOKEN.

22:38 - HE FREQUENTLY WANTED TO MAKE

22:41 - CERTAIN HE WAS THE CENTER OF

22:42 - ATTENTION HIS CLOTHING AND HIS

22:43 - ATTIRE WAS ALTOGETHER DIFFERENT

22:45 - THAN MINE WOULD HAVE BEEN AND

22:46 - CERTAINLY NOT APPROVED BY ME

22:48 - THAT YOU CANNOT DENY

22:50 - THE COURAGE AND ENTHUSIASM FOR

22:52 - COMBAT THAT CUSTER HANDS.

22:57 - >>GENERAL JOHN GIVEN AGAIN.

22:59 - WELL AFTER 2 DAYS OF FIGHTING.

23:03 - 3RD A DAWN

23:04 - RATHER PEACEFULLY THERE WAS

23:06 - ONLY SPUR ERIC FIRING AROUND

23:07 - THE LINE SOME TICKETS

23:08 - EXCHANGING FIRE FROM TIME TO

23:10 - TIME.

23:12 - SO MY MAN MANAGED TO FIND

23:13 - PROBABLY THE LAST SURVIVING

23:14 - CHICKEN ANYWHERE NEAR

23:16 - GETTYSBURG IN THE PAD US TO FOR

23:18 - MYSELF ALSO WITH ME WAS MY CORE

23:21 - COMMANDER GENERAL HANCOCK AND

23:22 - GENERAL NEWTON.

23:24 - GENERAL MEAT HEADQUARTERS

23:26 - WITHIN SHOUTING DISTANCE AND I

23:28 - WENT OVER AND I INVITED HIM TO

23:29 - JOIN US

23:30 - AND HE SAID THAT HE COULD NOT

23:31 - THERE WERE MESSAGES COME IN AND

23:33 - GONE AND HE HAD TO BE THERE IN

23:34 - A

23:34 - CIVIL GENERAL. I SAID YOU

23:36 - HEADQUARTERS IS ADJACENT SAID

23:37 - THEY COULD FIND YOU UP IT'S

23:38 - IMPORTANT. HE RELENTED I TOLD

23:41 - HIM IT WAS NECESSARY TO KEEP A

23:42 - STRENGTH UP YET THE BATTLE IS

23:44 - NOT YET OVER. WELL AS WE

23:47 - WE HAD A LEISURELY TIME

23:49 - AND AS I SAID THERE WAS ONLY

23:51 - SPORADIC FIRING HERE AND THERE

23:52 - ON THE LINE NOTHING NOTHING

23:54 - THAT CAUSE CONCERN ON ANYONE'S

23:55 - PART. AND THEN AFTER

23:57 - WE WERE CONCLUDED WITH

23:59 - A LAUNCH. GENERAL HANCOCK

24:02 - GENTLE NEWTON I WE WE JUST SAT

24:03 - THERE ON THE GROUND AND TALKED

24:06 - ABOUT PERHAPS WHAT WE COULD DO

24:08 - ANY FURTHER ADJUSTMENTS WE

24:09 - COULD MAKE IT THE DISPOSITION

24:10 - OF OUR FORCES.

24:12 - AND HOW LONG THAT WAS A REALLY

24:13 - COULDN'T SAY. THEN ALL THE

24:15 - SUDDEN WE HEARD A SINGLE CANNON

24:17 - SHOT. THE FIRST

24:19 - RIGHT NEARBY FOLLOWED BY THE

24:22 - COUNTY TO HIM THAT I HAD NEVER

24:23 - HEARD IN MY ENTIRE CAREER

24:25 - BEFORE THAT OR

24:26 - SINCE THAT I WAS LITERALLY

24:29 - ALIVE WAS SCREAMING SHELVES

24:31 - CANNONBALLS BOUNCING DOWN

24:33 - EVERYWHERE.

24:33 - >>THE LONG SHELLS TUMBLING

24:35 - THROUGH THE AIR THEY GAVE THE

24:36 - IMPRESSION THAT EVEN IF YOU ARE

24:38 - NOT IN FRONT OF THE GUN THAT

24:39 - FIRED UP SOMEHOW THEY WERE

24:40 - GOING TO FIND YOU AND KILL YOU.

24:42 - I IMMEDIATELY SAID IT ALL THE

24:43 - WAY OVER TO GET MY HORSE TO GO

24:45 - TO THE FRONT. I LOOKED OVER AT

24:47 - WHERE THE HORSES WERE

24:48 - WERE QUOTED. SO THE SHELL THAT

24:50 - KILLED A HIT AND KILLED HIM AND

24:52 - KILLED THE

24:52 - WHOLE US. NOT WASTING ANY DENY

24:56 - LIEUTENANT FRANK HASKELL WE

24:58 - WENT TO THE FRONT OFFICE

24:59 - SMALL SWELL THAT WAS READILY

25:01 - APPARENT TO BE WHEN I GOT THERE

25:02 - THAT MOST OF THE SHELLS WERE

25:03 - FALLING IN OUR AREA. THEY WERE

25:05 - NOT REALLY FALLING IN THE LINE

25:07 - SEVERAL OF THEM WERE AND THEY

25:08 - CAUSE CONSIDERABLE DAMAGE.

25:10 - ONE OF THE BATTERIES HAD 3

25:12 - CAISSONS AWAY HIT

25:13 - SIMULTANEOUSLY A TREMENDOUS

25:15 - EXPLOSION, KILLING THE HORSES

25:17 - AND IN MOST OF THE MAN IN THAT

25:19 - BATTERY FRANKEN I STEPPED OVER

25:21 - THE LITTLE STONE WALL THAT GOES

25:23 - LAMENTED USEFUL FORTIFICATION

25:25 - AND WALK FORWARD SOME A BOMB

25:26 - AND GOT UP TO FOLLOW AND I AND

25:28 - I AND I HELD THEM BACK.

25:30 - I BOUGHT MY FIELD GLASSES AND

25:32 - I LOOKED AT ALL I COULD SEE WAS

25:34 - SMOKE AND FLASHES IN THE SMOKE,

25:36 - THE ARTILLERY FIRE.

25:37 - BUT I RECKON THAT WE WERE

25:38 - PERFECTLY SAFE WHERE WE WERE

25:40 - STANDING UP BECAUSE HAIR AGAIN

25:42 - MOST OF THE SHELLS WERE FALLING

25:43 - TO THE REAR DOING VERY LITTLE

25:45 - DAMAGE.

25:48 - WALKED ALONG THE LINES AND I

25:49 - TOLD EVERYONE THESE STILL

25:51 - BECOME TAKE COVER AND THEY DID.

25:56 - ONE OF MY MESSENGERS REACH

25:57 - BEING FROM GENERAL HANCOCK.

26:02 - WHAT IS THE MEANING OF

26:03 - THIS BOMBARDMENT AND I WROTE

26:05 - BACK TO HIM IT IS UNDOUBTEDLY

26:06 - IT A COVER FOR RETREAT OR THE

26:08 - PRELUDE TO

26:09 - AN ATTACK. AFTER ABOUT ANOTHER

26:11 - 10 MINUTES OR SO BOMBARDMENT.

26:13 - I GRAB THE MESSENGER AND I SAID

26:14 - TAKE THIS TO GENERAL HANCOCK.

26:16 - I SAID IT IS BY CONTENTION SAID

26:19 - THAT THIS IS DEFINITELY A

26:20 - PRELUDE TO AN ATTACK.

26:21 - IT IS JUST FAR TOO CONSISTENT

26:23 - AND FAR TOO HEAVY TO BE

26:24 - ANYTHING ELSE.

26:28 - AROUND THAT TIME. MY MOUTH

26:30 - FINALLY ARRIVED.

26:31 - I RODE UP AND DOWN MY LINES,

26:33 - THE FIRING STOPPED ON THE OTHER

26:34 - SIDE OF THE SMOKE LIFTED.

26:36 - LOOKING OUT ACROSS THE FIELD.

26:39 - ALL YOU COULD SEE WAS A SOLID

26:40 - WALL OF GREAT. THE ENEMY WAS

26:43 - COMING TOWARDS US AND IN

26:45 - NUMBERS THAT I FOUND INCREDIBLE

26:47 - LOOK AT THEM.

26:48 - I IMMEDIATELY GOT A MESSAGE AND

26:50 - I SAID TAKE THIS TO GENERAL

26:51 - MEAT I WILL NEED ALL THE

26:53 - ASSISTANCE THAT YOU CAN RENDER.

26:56 - ALL RIGHT HILLARY HAD STARTED

26:57 - FIRING UPON THEM

26:59 - THAT WAS A DEVASTATING SIGHT TO

27:01 - BEHOLD MEN WERE FOLLOWED IN IN

27:03 - SWATHS OF ROSE A TORY STARTED

27:05 - FIRING CANISTER. THIS HAD THE

27:07 - EFFECT OF TURNING OUR CANNONS

27:09 - AND A GIANT SHOTGUNS THE

27:11 - CONFEDERATES KEPT COMMENT

27:12 - AND THEN SUDDENLY AS THEY GOT

27:14 - CLOSER TO THE EMMETSBURG ROAD.

27:16 - I TOLD MUM AND THAT THEY CAN

27:18 - OPEN FIRE NOW. NOW BECAME THICK

27:20 - WITH MUSKET BALL IS EVERYWHERE.

27:23 - THE ENEMY CAMP FALLEN IN

27:25 - GREATER RANKS AS THE CANISTER

27:26 - TO THE RANKS OF POT AND THEY

27:27 - KEPT CONDENSING UPON OPPOSITION

27:29 - AND I REALIZED THE CENTER ABOVE

27:31 - ARE IN LINE WAS THE FOCUS OF

27:33 - THEIR ATTACK. SO MY BOYS AT THE

27:35 - WALL IN THE 60 NOT AS THEY GOT

27:37 - CLOSER TO PLAY IN MURDERS FIRE

27:39 - UNDER THEM SCREAM IN

27:40 - FREDRICKSBURG FREDRICKSBURG THE

27:42 - BECAUSE THEY HAD BEEN AT

27:43 - FREDRICKSBURG IN SUFFERED TO

27:45 - AGREE JUST PUNISHMENT BY THE

27:47 - REDS AT MURRAY'S HEIGHTS.

27:48 - THEY LOOKED UPON THIS AS

27:50 - PAYBACK TO THE ENEMY. THERE'S

27:52 - AROUND THAT TIME THAT I GOT HIT

27:54 - IN THE SHOULDER. AND I STARTED

27:57 - FEELING FAINT FELL OFF

27:58 - MY HORSE. I WAS TAKEN TO THE

28:00 - REAR. JUST AS THE ENEMY WAS

28:03 - CLOSE AGAIN. I LATER FOUND WHEN

28:05 - I WAS RECOVERING IN HOSPITAL.

28:07 - THAT LIEUTENANT HASKELL AND USE

28:09 - MY AUTHORITY

28:11 - TO SOMEONE OTHER BRIGADES UNDER

28:12 - MY COMMAND TO COME TO THE AID

28:14 - OF THE ONE IN THE SUNDA SET ON

28:16 - THE GENERAL WEB WHO WAS MOST

28:18 - UNDER ATTACK AND WHOSE MEN HAD

28:19 - STARTED TO BREAK AND RUN THE

28:21 - TENANT HOSPITAL STOP THEM AND

28:24 - ALSO SECURED ASSISTANCE FOR

28:25 - THEM.

28:28 - DESERVES AS MUCH MANAGE

28:30 - AS ANY FOR WINNING THE BATTLE

28:32 - OF GETTYSBURG.

28:36 - MAJOR GENERAL ABNER DOUBLEDAY.

28:41 - ATTORNEY GENERAL GIVEN AND

28:42 - TELL YOU INVOLVED THE ATTACK.

28:45 - PICKETT TRIMBLE PEDIGREE

28:48 - CENTER.

28:49 - >>ALL HUMAN LIFE. I AM

28:52 - THIRD-DIVISION COMING. THE 1ST

28:54 - QUARTER.

28:57 - YOU MAY WONDER HOW DID THIS

28:58 - COME ABOUT. OF

29:01 - DAY ONE. AND YOU KNOW WE

29:03 - RETREATED BACK TO

29:05 - CEMETERY HILL AND ESTABLISH THE

29:07 - FISHES AND THEY'RE UNDER MAJOR

29:09 - GENERAL HANCOCK. WHEN

29:10 - THAT HAPPENED CERTAIN

29:12 - COMMUNICATIONS GOT BACK TO

29:13 - GENERAL ME WHO DIDN'T LIKE ME

29:16 - VERY MUCH

29:16 - TO START THAT KIND OF CAST

29:19 - ASPERSIONS ON THE F TO C OF THE

29:21 - FIRST CORE. IN A VERY

29:24 - UNFAIR WAY BECAUSE

29:26 - OF THIS I WAS RELIEVED BY A

29:28 - JUNIOR OFFICER, A A A CLASSMATE

29:31 - OF MINE

29:31 - GENERAL NEWTON AND BECAME ONCE

29:34 - AGAIN. COMMANDER OF THE 3RD

29:36 - DIVISION. NOW YOU REMEMBER THAT

29:39 - FIRST DAY HAD A GREAT EFFECT ON

29:42 - THE HIT ON

29:43 - THE NUMBERS OF THE 1ST QUARTER

29:45 - IN GENERAL AND IN THE

29:47 - 3RD DIVISION. WE HAD 2 BRIGADES

29:50 - THAT WERE VERY MUCH.

29:53 - IN THE BATTLE. ALL THE FIRST

29:55 - DAY. HOWEVER, AT THE END OF THE

29:58 - FIRST DAY.

29:59 - I WAS ASKED TO GO ASSIST

30:01 - GENERAL HANCOCK, SECOND CORE

30:03 - AND WAS CAUGHT A

30:05 - FRESH BRIGADE. VERMONTERS ON

30:08 - COMMANDER BRIGADIER GENERAL

30:09 - GEORGE STANDARD.

30:12 - I HAVE NEVER SEEN

30:13 - COMBAT BEFORE AND THEY'RE MY

30:15 - 3RD BRIGADE AND OBVIOUSLY MY

30:17 - MOST COMBAT EFFECTIVE OR GAY.

30:19 - AT THE MOMENT.

30:21 - THE RE MONITORS ARE ACTUALLY

30:23 - POSITION TO THE LEFT OF

30:25 - THE 2ND QUARTER POSITION IN THE

30:26 - CENTER AT THE ANGLE. WE ARE TO

30:29 - THEIR LEFT. WHEN

30:31 - THE ASSAULT KNOWN NOW AS

30:33 - PICKETT'S CHARGE

30:35 - COMMENCES ALL OF THE LINES OF

30:38 - THE CONFEDERATE BRIGADES OR

30:40 - HEADED STRAIGHT FROM THE WORD

30:43 - LIE FROM WHICH THEY EMERGE

30:44 - STRAIGHT AT US IN PARTICULAR WE

30:47 - HAD. SEVERAL BRIGADES COMING

30:50 - RIGHT AT WHERE THUS

30:52 - 13TH 1413TH AND 16 FROM RIGHT

30:54 - REGIMENTS WE'RE POSITION.

30:58 - DUE TO THE EFFECTIVENESS I

31:00 - GUESS OF GENERAL HAZE IN THE

31:01 - CENTER AND ACTUALLY.

31:04 - TRADING THE CONFEDERATE ACT

31:06 - THERE AND I SUPPOSE GENERAL

31:08 - LEES INTENT THAT THE

31:09 - PENETRATION OCCUR AT THAT POINT

31:12 - AT THE ANGLE.

31:15 - FOR US IT WAS INEXPLICABLY.

31:17 - WE HAD SEVERAL BRIGADES

31:19 - ACTUALLY TURN AND IT LEFT

31:22 - SHOWING US NOT ONLY THEIR FLANK

31:24 - RIGHT IN SOME CASES, THEIR

31:25 - REAR. THIS GAVE US AN

31:27 - OPPORTUNITY AND WE HAD GENERAL

31:29 - STANDARD ACTUALLY.

31:32 - THE POSITION OF BOTH THE 13TH

31:34 - AND THE 16TH, AND ACTUALLY

31:37 - ENGAGE THE REAR THAT COLUMN TO

31:40 - GREAT EFFECT.

31:41 - IN ADDITION. WE ACTUALLY HAD

31:43 - THE 13TH ATTACK OUT INTO THE

31:45 - METRO AND

31:47 - AND ACTUALLY TAKE 2 OF THE

31:49 - REGIMENTS WHO ARE TRYING TO

31:51 - GUARD AND ACTUALLY DESTROYED

31:52 - THEM.

31:57 - ONE HOUR WE HAD GREAT EFFECT IN

31:59 - THE VERMONTERS IN THEIR

32:00 - FIRST COMBAT SHOW THEMSELVES

32:02 - VERY WELL AND HER ATTORNEY

32:05 - GENERAL STANDARD A VERY THE

32:07 - FACT OF COMMANDER.

32:10 - I'M MAJOR JONATHAN LETTERMAN.

32:12 - CHIEF SURGEON OF THE ARMY OF

32:13 - THE POTOMAC.

32:15 - >>BEFORE THE WAR WAS A CAREER

32:16 - MEDICAL OFFICER IN THE ARMY.

32:18 - >>I SERVED SINCE FLORIDA AND IN

32:21 - SEVERAL FORTS IN THE WEST.

32:24 - >>THE IN

32:26 - 1862. I WAS APPOINTED THE CHIEF

32:28 - SURGEON OF THE ARMY OF THE

32:29 - POTOMAC AND I WAS ORDERED

32:32 - TO CREATE A NEW PLAN OF

32:33 - ORGANIZATION TO IMPROVE THE

32:34 - MEDICAL OF COURSE THE SERVICE

32:36 - AND RESULTS. THE FIRST PROBLEM

32:39 - TO BE ADDRESSED WAS THE FACT

32:40 - THAT ALMOST 30% OF THE ARMY WAS

32:44 - OUT SICK AND UNAVAILABLE.

32:46 - FOR A VARIETY OF REASONS.

32:48 - I ADDRESSED THIS IN A IN

32:50 - SEVERAL WAYS.

32:54 - TO IMPROVE THE TIE IT.

32:56 - I GOT RID OF THE DESICCATED

32:58 - VEGETABLES WHICH DID NOT SEEM

33:00 - TO PREVENT SCURVY BASED ON MY

33:02 - EXPERIENCE IN THE WEST AND

33:04 - REPLACE THEM WITH FRUITS AND

33:06 - VEGETABLES.

33:09 - I

33:10 - ORDERED LATRINES A DISTANCE

33:11 - FROM THE FROM THE BAY BASE TO

33:13 - BE DUG RIGHT TO BE DUG.

33:15 - AND I ORDERED THAT THE FAMED TO

33:18 - BE FILLED ON A REGULAR BASIS

33:20 - WITH SOIL AND TOPPED OFF WITH 2

33:22 - FEET OF SOIL WHEN THEY WERE

33:23 - FULL.

33:25 - I ALSO ORDERED MEN TO BATHE AT

33:26 - LEAST ONCE A WEEK AT LEAST 15

33:28 - MINUTES.

33:29 - THESE AND OTHER MEASURES

33:31 - SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCE THE THE

33:33 - THE NUMBER THE IL ILLNESS THE

33:36 - PREVALENCE OF ILLNESS AND THE

33:37 - DIFFICULTY WITH THE SICK CALL.

33:41 - THE ONUS WAS IN FACT

33:42 - RESPONSIBLE FOR MORE DEATHS

33:44 - THAN BATTLEFIELD CASUALTIES.

33:46 - THE NEXT WE HAVE A PROBLEM TO

33:48 - ADDRESS THAT WAS THE SITUATION

33:50 - OF MANAGING

33:51 - LARGE NUMBERS OF VERY SERIOUS

33:53 - CASUALTIES IN A RELATIVELY

33:54 - SHORT PERIOD OF TIME. THE

33:56 - SYSTEM THAT WAS NOT DESIGNED

33:57 - FOR THIS AND SEVERAL AREAS HERE

34:00 - HAD TO BE ADDRESSED.

34:02 - THAT WAS TRANSPORT.

34:04 - >>IN SOME EARLIER BATTLES

34:06 - BEFORE.

34:08 - MANY HAVE BEEN LEFT UNATTENDED

34:09 - ON THE FIELD, SOMETIMES

34:11 - FOR DAYS. THERE WAS NO

34:13 - ORGANIZED SYSTEM FOR TRANSPORT.

34:15 - AND IN FACT THE AMBULANCE

34:17 - CORPS, THE AMBULANCE WAS UNDER

34:19 - THE DIRECTION OF THE

34:19 - QUARTERMASTER.

34:22 - WHICH WITH GENERAL MCCLELLAN'S

34:23 - APPROVAL. I

34:25 - CREATED A PROFESSIONAL

34:26 - AMBULANCE CORPS.

34:28 - RESPONSIBLE TO THE MEDICAL

34:30 - DEPARTMENT.

34:32 - WITH WITH WITH TRAINING AND IT

34:34 - ENDS AND EVENTUALLY EXPERIENCE

34:37 - IN IDENTIFYING HIM,

34:39 - TRANSPORTING THE WOUNDED.

34:42 - I REORGANIZE THE SYSTEM OF

34:44 - MEDICAL PROCESSING LIKEWISE.

34:47 - THERE WAS A REGIMENTAL SURGEON

34:49 - FOR EACH REGIMENT.

34:51 - AND SOME SOME REGIMENTAL

34:53 - SURGEONS WERE SWAMPED IF THE

34:55 - REGIMENT WAS BUSY AND SOME HAD

34:56 - VERY LITTLE TO DO. I REORGANIZE

34:59 - THE SYSTEM ENTIRELY. I

35:01 - CREATED FIRST FIELD DRESSING

35:04 - STATIONS ARE FIELD 8 STATIONS

35:06 - NEAR THE SITE OF THE BATTLE FOR

35:08 - HIM TO HANDLE THE IMMEDIATE

35:10 - EVACUEES AND DELIVER EMERGENCY

35:12 - CARE. THEY WERE

35:15 - ALSO 2.

35:16 - BESIDES EMERGENCY CARE TO

35:18 - PRIORITIZE THOSE THAT WERE MOST

35:21 - SERIOUSLY INJURED FOR PRIORITY

35:23 - FOR HIM FOR IMMEDIATE MEDICAL

35:25 - ATTENTION AND TRANSPORT.

35:29 - IN THE FIELD HOSPITALS IN

35:31 - THE REAR. WE ARE TO BE STAFFED

35:33 - BY EXPERIENCED SURGEONS WHO HAD

35:35 - ALREADY UNDERGONE WRITTEN AND

35:37 - ORAL EXAMINATIONS AND HAD THEIR

35:39 - SURGERY EXAMINED BEFORE THEY

35:41 - COULD BECOME

35:42 - MEDICAL OFFICERS THOSE THAT DID

35:45 - NOT QUALIFY AS MEDICAL OFFICERS

35:47 - THEY CAME CONTRACT. SURGEONS OR

35:50 - CONTRACT, MEDICAL OFFICERS AND

35:52 - WORK UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

35:54 - THE MEDICAL OFFICERS.

35:58 - AFTER A MAJOR BATTLE.

36:00 - WE MIGHT DO AN AMPUTATION.

36:03 - EVERY 15 MINUTES FOR UP TO A

36:05 - DAY AND A HALF. AND IT WAS VERY

36:08 - IMPORTANT THAT THESE BE DONE.

36:09 - EXPEDITIOUSLY.

36:13 - IF THERE IS FOREIGN MATTER IN

36:14 - THE WOUNDS, WE'RE FISTS, A

36:16 - SPLINTERED BONE IN THE WOMB,

36:17 - THE CHANCE OF BLOOD POISONING

36:19 - IS VERY HIGH. AND BLOOD

36:20 - POISONING IS A 100% FATAL.

36:22 - THERE IS NO TREATMENT. AND ONCE

36:25 - IT STARTS IT'S TOO LATE.

36:27 - THE ONLY THING YOU CAN DO IS TO

36:29 - PREVENT IT WITH THE EXPEDITIOUS

36:30 - AMPUTATION.

36:33 - AND TODAY'S IS ABOUT THE

36:34 - MAXIMUM YOU CAN TAKE BEFORE MEN

36:36 - START DEVELOPING IRREVERSIBLE

36:39 - IRREVERSIBLE BLOOD POISONING.

36:42 - THESE MEASURES

36:44 - RESULTED IN A DRAMATIC

36:46 - REDUCTION IN MORTALITY FROM

36:47 - BATTLEFIELD INJURIES AS MUCH AS

36:49 - 2 THIRDS. AND IT WAS

36:51 - FULLY IMPLEMENTED. HERE IN

36:53 - GETTYSBURG.

36:56 - RIGHT BY DAY 3.

36:59 - FIELD HOSPITALS.

37:01 - WE'RE ALREADY. WHAT WE ALREADY

37:03 - HAD RECEIVED THE MOST OF THE

37:05 - WOUNDED, AND IT PROCESSED A

37:06 - GOOD DEAL OF THEM. AND WE'RE

37:07 - ALSO BECOMING OVERWHELMED.

37:10 - IN ADDITION LATER WHEN THE

37:12 - CONFEDERATES WITHDREW, WE WERE

37:14 - TO BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE

37:15 - CONFEDERATE WOUNDED THAT COULD

37:17 - NOT BE MOVED.

37:19 - ACCORDINGLY WE CREATED A NEW

37:21 - FIELD HOSPITAL IN THE REAR.

37:23 - AT ONE AT YORK ROAD. WHICH IS

37:26 - CLOSE TO RAIL TRANSPORTATION.

37:28 - CLOSE TO A SOURCE OF WATER AND

37:30 - I LOVE A THE GROUND. AND

37:33 - BEGAN RECEIVING. THE PATIENTS

37:35 - THERE IN EARLY JULY TO REPLACE

37:38 - THE FIELD HOSPITALS.

37:41 - THE THIS BECAME KNOWN AFTER ME

37:44 - AS CAMP LETTERMAN AND

37:46 - REMAINS FUNCTIONAL AND 4 FROM

37:48 - DEEP FROM THE TIME OF THE

37:49 - BATTLE IN JULY UNTIL NOVEMBER.

37:54 - WHEN THE LAST PATIENTS

37:55 - WERE EITHER DISCHARGED THE WORD

37:57 - I. WE RETURN SOME

37:59 - OTHER WAY THE CONFEDERATES

38:02 - CONFEDERATE WANTED WILL BECOME

38:03 - PRISONERS OF WAR. WHEN THE

38:06 - CONFEDERATES WITHDREW. THEY

38:08 - LEFT BEHIND THEIR OWN WOUNDED

38:11 - THAT COULD NOT BE TRANSPORTED.

38:14 - WHAT WE ALSO LEFT MEDICAL

38:16 - OFFICERS WITH THEM. I THEN

38:19 - IMMEDIATELY TOOK CHARGE OF THE

38:21 - CONFEDERATE WOUNDED.

38:23 - AND INCORPORATED THE

38:24 - CONFEDERATE MEDICAL OFFICERS

38:25 - INTO THE OPERATIONS OF CAMP

38:27 - LETTERMAN.

38:29 - DURING THE MONTH SEVERAL MONTHS

38:31 - IN WHICH CAMP LETTERMAN WAS AN

38:32 - OPERATION. A UNION CONFEDERATE

38:35 - RUN, WOUNDED WERE BOTH TREATED

38:37 - AND BOTH TREATED EQUALLY WHILE

38:38 - PATIENTS IN IN THE IN THE CAMP.

38:43 - AFTER THE CAMP CLOSE

38:44 - THE CONFEDERATES BECOME

38:46 - PRISONERS OF WAR, HOWEVER.

38:49 - THIS SYSTEM WORKED EXTREMELY

38:50 - WELL.

38:53 - IT WOULD RESULT IN A DRAMATIC

38:54 - REDUCTION IN BATTLEFIELD S AND

38:57 - A DRAMATIC IMPROVEMENTS

38:59 - IN HEALTH AND AS A RESULT THE

39:01 - SYSTEM WAS ADOPTED MY FULL

39:03 - UNION ARMIES.

39:07 - THIS IS A THIS

39:08 - THIS EXPERIENCE. SHOULD SERVE

39:11 - AS A LESSON.

39:12 - FOR HANDLING OF EMERGENCY AND

39:14 - URGENT MEDICAL SITUATIONS IN

39:16 - THE FUTURE. AND I'M CONFIDENT

39:18 - IT WILL DO SO.

39:25 - >>MAJOR GENERAL GEORGE

39:26 - G NEED COMMANDER OF THE ARMY'S

39:28 - BEAT TOMIC.

39:31 - TRY TO RECAP. THE

39:34 - CONDITION OF THE ARMY. THE

39:35 - POTOMAC AFTER THE BATTLE

39:36 - OF GETTYSBURG. AFTER 3 OF THEM

39:39 - OF THE BLOODIEST DAYS OF THE

39:41 - CIVIL WAR, JULY 1ST SECOND AND

39:43 - 3RD EATING 63. ARMY

39:45 - WAS SHATTERED. WE

39:46 - HAD SUSTAINED. 24,000

39:49 - CASUALTIES OF KILLED WOUNDED,

39:52 - CAPTURED AND MISSING. AND WE

39:55 - CAME WITH AN ARMY OF

39:57 - APPROXIMATELY 90,009 TO 2000 OF

39:59 - ALL BRANCHES AND ALL ARMS.

40:02 - AND WE LOST A QUARTER OF THAT

40:06 - NUMBER. OF COURSE

40:09 - THE CONFEDERATES SUFFER EVEN

40:10 - MORE GREATLY THEY WERE ON THE

40:12 - OFFENSIVE AND IN A CIVIL WAR

40:14 - COMBAT, THE OFFENSE USUALLY

40:16 - SUSTAINS LARGER CASUALTIES,

40:18 - THEY HAD 27,000.

40:20 - CASUALTIES, THEIR ARMY WAS

40:22 - SLIGHTLY SMALLER THAN OURS

40:23 - ALONE, FAIRLY EQUAL. THE ABOUT

40:25 - 85. THE 90,000 TROOPS OF ALL

40:28 - ARMS. SO THE

40:30 - FIGHTING ENDED.

40:32 - JULY 3RD THE LATE IN THE

40:35 - AFTERNOON DARKNESS FELL.

40:36 - >>AND.

40:38 - >>I ATTEMPTED TO ORGANIZE A

40:41 - COUNTERATTACK IT WAS NOT

40:42 - POSSIBLE FOR MANY DIFFERENT

40:43 - REASONS. THE NEXT DAY UNDER

40:45 - STORM. BROKE OUT AND IT RAINED

40:48 - HORRIBLY THE WHOLE DAY. SO NO

40:51 - ONE COULD REALLY MANEUVER

40:52 - AND UNDER THE COVER OF THAT

40:54 - THUNDERSTORM LEAD DECIDED TO

40:56 - AND HIS INVASION OF

40:57 - PENNSYLVANIA AND RETREAT BACK

40:59 - TO HIS BASE IN VIRGINIA.

41:02 - WE DID KNOW THAT.

41:04 - LEE HAD ALWAYS HAD.

41:07 - THE VERY STRANGE OR

41:10 - UNEXPECTED POLICY IS SHOWING UP

41:13 - IN YOUR EAR WHEN YOU LEAST

41:14 - EXPECTED HIM AND SO WE HAD TO

41:16 - STAY IN POSITION AND TRY TO

41:18 - ASSESS WHAT HE WAS GOING TO DO

41:19 - NEXT AND GOVERNOR ACTIONS ON

41:22 - THESE POSITIONS MANEUVERS.

41:25 - SO NOTHING REALLY HAPPENED ON

41:27 - JULY 4TH WEEK TRIED TO BRING

41:29 - THE WOUNDED IN VERY SOME OF THE

41:30 - DEAD.

41:32 - ON THE FIELD AND JULY THE 5TH.

41:35 - HOW WE

41:36 - COULD TURNED DETERMINED THAT HE

41:39 - IS ARMY WAS MOVING IN WHAT

41:40 - DIRECTION WE DIDN'T KNOW FOR

41:42 - SURE IT COULD HAVE BEEN THROUGH

41:44 - THE PASSES BACK TO THE

41:45 - CUMBERLAND VALLEY TO RETURN

41:46 - HOME TO VIRGINIA OR COULD HAVE

41:48 - BEEN TO MANEUVER AROUND

41:49 - OUR FLANK AND COMING ON OUR

41:52 - RIGHT FLANK ON EXPECTED AS HE

41:53 - DID A CHANCELLOR'S BILL.

41:54 - SO WE HAD TO STAND POSITION,

41:56 - ALTHOUGH I DID SEND THE CAVALRY

41:58 - IN PURSUIT AND ELEMENTS

42:02 - OF ARE IF A TREE THE 6 CORE

42:04 - TOWARD FAIRFIELD AND THEY WERE

42:07 - ABLE TO HAVE A LITTLE SKIRMISH

42:08 - AND DETERMINED THAT HE WAS

42:09 - INDEED RETREATING ACROSS THE

42:11 - THE GOP'S IN THE SOUTH MOUNTAIN

42:13 - RANGE.

42:16 - IT WASN'T JULY THE 6TH. WHEN

42:18 - I DETERMINED THAT WE WOULD

42:20 - PURSUE THE ENEMY BUT NOT

42:22 - FOLLOWING BEHIND HIM BECAUSE

42:24 - WITH A VERY SMALL FORCE HE

42:26 - COULD HAVE BLOCKED AND

42:27 - BARRICADED THE GOP'S

42:29 - WITH A A MUCH SMALLER FORCE AND

42:30 - KEPT OUR WHOLE ARMY A DAY.

42:32 - SO THAT HE COULD THEN DO WHAT

42:34 - HE WISHED SO INSTEAD I DECIDED

42:36 - TO ORDER THE ARMY. THE POTOMAC,

42:38 - SOUTH

42:40 - TOWARDS MIDDLETOWN. FREDERICK

42:42 - AND IN MIDDLETOWN ON THE EAST

42:44 - SIDE OF THE MOUNTAINS. AND THAT

42:47 - CROSS OVER THE MOUNTAINS

42:48 - TO THE WEST SIDE TO CONFRONT

42:50 - LEE AT WILLIAMSPORT.

42:53 - MARYLAND WHERE HE WAS INTENDING

42:55 - TO CROSS THE RIVER. ALL THE

42:57 - WHILE HE WAS BEING HARASSED BY

42:58 - A CAVALRY.

42:59 - NOW WE HAD A TERRIBLE PROBLEM

43:01 - WITH THE WOUNDED AND THE DEAD.

43:04 - AND OF COURSE WE ABANDON MANY

43:06 - OF HIS WOUNDED TO AUSTIN THE

43:08 - MERCY OF THE OF HIS

43:09 - ENEMY OS AND ALSO HE LEFT THE

43:11 - DEAD TO BE BURIED. BY THE

43:14 - TORIES UNION ARMY. SO

43:17 - UNDERTOOK THAT EFFORT AS BEST

43:18 - WE COULD BUT WE HAD

43:19 - TO LEAVE. SO WE DID LEAVE SOME

43:23 - THE TENANTS BEHIND

43:25 - TO ATTEND TO THE WOUNDED THE

43:26 - VARIOUS FIELD HOSPITALS AND

43:27 - ALSO AT CAMP LETTERMAN. THAT

43:29 - YOU HEARD ABOUT CAM LETTERMAN.

43:31 - EARLIER

43:33 - THEY WERE GOING TO BE TREATED

43:35 - THERE FOR WEEKS AND WEEKS AND

43:37 - WEEKS AND ACTUALLY MONTHS UNTIL

43:39 - EVENTUALLY MOST OF

43:40 - THE MAJORITY, THE RECOVERED

43:42 - DIED OR SENT TO

43:44 - THE LARGE CITIES FOR THE THE

43:46 - GENERAL HOSPITAL SUCH AS

43:47 - PHILADELPHIA. BALTIMORE

43:49 - AND WASHINGTON. REACH THE BEST

43:52 - TO TRY TO GET A QUARTER MASTERS

43:53 - TO CLEAN UP THE DETRITUS OF

43:55 - THE BATTLE. EVENTUALLY OR

43:57 - QUARTER MATCHES WERE ABLE TO

43:59 - GATHER 24,000 MUSKETS FROM THE

44:02 - FIELD THAT HAD BEEN ABANDONED

44:03 - BY OUR OWN TROOPS AND THE

44:05 - CONFEDERATE TROOPS AND OF THOSE

44:07 - 24,000 OVER HALF. WE'RE

44:09 - ACTUALLY LOADED. SO THEY HAD

44:11 - BEEN ACTUALLY LOST OR DROP TO

44:13 - HER. WHILE BEFORE

44:15 - THEY DID THAT THE SOLDIER HAD

44:18 - TO FIRE HIS OWN WEAPON WITH A

44:19 - WEAPON. SO GATHERING UP ALL THE

44:22 - EQUIPMENT BURYING THE DEAD

44:24 - CARING FOR THE WOUNDED GET THEM

44:26 - IN THE SHELTER THAT TOOK UP A

44:28 - LOT OF TIME

44:29 - AND CONCERN FOR US ON ARMY

44:31 - HEADQUARTERS, BUT THE MOST

44:32 - IMPORTANT THING WAS WHAT TO DO

44:34 - ABOUT LEAD. YES, HE HAD BEEN

44:37 - DEFEATED, BUT HE WAS NOT

44:38 - CERTAINLY. IN ANY POSITION

44:41 - WHERE HE WAS GOING TO BE ABLE

44:42 - TO BE DEFEATED IN BAD DOOR

44:44 - CAPTURED. IN FACT AS HE STARTED

44:48 - TO RETREAT IN

44:49 - APPROACHED. HIS HOME STATE OF

44:51 - VIRGINIA OF COURSE HE GOT

44:53 - STRONGER AND STRONGER BECAUSE

44:54 - THERE ARE RESERVES COMING OVER

44:55 - THE RIVER AND BRINGING

44:56 - SUPPLIES AND BRINGING

44:57 - AMMUNITION FOR HIM. SO

44:59 - HE DECIDED THAT HE WOULD

45:01 - HE WAS HEAD OF US BY SEVERAL

45:03 - DAYS WE HAD TO GO 75 MILES TO

45:06 - GET TO WILLIAMSPORT HE ONLY HAD

45:07 - 40 MILES TO GET TO WHEN

45:09 - HE ENTRENCHED A VERY STRONG

45:11 - LINE ALONG THE POTOMAC RIVER.

45:15 - SOUTH OF

45:16 - WILLIAMSPORT MARYLAND. AND OF

45:19 - THE 1000 VERY GOOD GROUND

45:20 - CALLED THE DOWNS BILL LAU

45:22 - A LINE, THE ENTRENCHED AND HE

45:24 - WAITED FOR ARMY TO APPROACH.

45:26 - HE WANTED TO SUCKER MIGHT ME

45:28 - AND MY ARMY INTO ATTACKING HIM

45:29 - IN A STRONG POSITION JUST AS WE

45:31 - HAD DONE TO HIM.

45:32 - PICKETT'S CHARGE AND I WASN'T

45:34 - ABOUT TO PLAY

45:35 - THAT GAME. THE GAME OF ALLOWING

45:38 - HIM TO SHOOT AT US FROM

45:39 - ENTRENCHED ITS AND SO

45:41 - I HAD ANOTHER COUNCIL OF WAR OR

45:43 - I DID I WANTED TO HAVE THE

45:45 - OPINION. MY BROTHER OFFICERS

45:47 - AND FIND OUT WHAT THEY WANTED

45:48 - TO DO

45:49 - THEN WHAT ONE HAD BEEN KILLED

45:50 - GENERAL SOME OF THEM WOUNDED,

45:52 - JOHN HANCOCK AND OTHERS

45:53 - AND THERE, BUT I THEY WERE THEY

45:55 - COMMANDERS THAT I DIDN'T EVEN

45:56 - KNOW. SO I HAD TO HAVE THEIR

45:58 - OPINIONS AS THEY WERE GOING TO

45:59 - LEAVE

45:59 - THE TROOPS INTO ACTION AT DOWNS

46:02 - OF ALL THIS IS JULY THE 12TH

46:03 - JULY, THE 13TH 86 TO 3.

46:05 - FINALLY I DETERMINED AS AN

46:07 - ENGINEER, I KNOW GROUND.

46:09 - I DID A RECONNAISSANCE AND I

46:10 - WAS ABLE TO FIND A WEAK SPOT IN

46:11 - THE CONFEDERATE LINE

46:13 - AND THERE ARE I ORDERED THE

46:14 - ARMY OFF ON JULY, THE 14TH THEY

46:16 - TO 63 TO ATTACK

46:18 - THE CONFEDERATES WITH A CHANCE

46:20 - OF VICTORY BECAUSE WE HAD A

46:21 - WEAK SPOT. WE FOUND A WEAK

46:22 - SPOT. WHEN WE REACH THE LINES

46:25 - AT DAWN AND THEN

46:26 - AT 7. THE TROOPS FOUND THAT

46:29 - THEY WERE VACATED THEY WERE

46:30 - EMPTY. THEY WERE GONE LEE HAD

46:31 - ESCAPED ACROSS THE POTOMAC

46:33 - RIVER WHICH HAD BEEN SWOLLEN

46:35 - WITH RAIN BUT HE WAS ABLE TO

46:37 - TEAR DOWN SOME BUILDINGS AND

46:38 - BUILD SOME BRIDGES AND SOME

46:39 - SOME SOME UP. FLOATS AND SO ON

46:42 - AND GET HIS ARMY.

46:44 - PRIMARILY ACROSS. BUT TOM

46:45 - HOWEVER, HE LEFT A VERY STRONG

46:47 - REGARD BEHIND UNDER

46:49 - GENERAL PETTIGREW ABOUT 2000

46:51 - MEN IN THE REAR GUARD, WE

46:53 - CAPTURED KILLED THE OR

46:56 - FORCE. MOST OF THEM TO

46:57 - FLEE CAPTURED MANY OF THEM AND

46:59 - WE KILLED GENERAL PEN TO GROW

47:01 - THEIR COMMANDER SO WE DID HAVE

47:02 - SOME SUCCESS NOW I'VE BEEN

47:04 - ACCUSED OF NOT FOLLOWING A PLEA

47:06 - AFTER THE BATTLE AND OF COURSE

47:07 - THAT IS INCORRECT

47:08 - BECAUSE AS YOU CAN SEE WE DID

47:10 - FOLLOW HIM TO WIN A SPORT UNTIL

47:11 - HE GOT ACROSS THE

47:12 - RIVER INTO. VIRGINIA TERRITORY.

47:15 - AND OF

47:16 - COURSE THE CAMPAIGN IS GOING TO

47:17 - CONTINUE, I'M STILL IN COMMAND

47:19 - OF THE ARMY, THE POTOMAC.

47:20 - BUT I WAS CRITICIZED

47:22 - VERY SEVERELY FOR ALLOWING LEAD

47:24 - TO ESCAPE OF COURSE THOSE WHO

47:25 - CRITICIZED THE WORD ON THE

47:26 - SCENE IT DIDN'T KNOW WHAT WAS

47:28 - HAPPENING AND WHAT I HAD TO

47:30 - DEAL WITH. SO WE LOST

47:33 - TOTAL BOTH SIDES

47:35 - BEING AMERICANS IN THE 3

47:37 - BLOODIEST DAYS OF THE AMERICAN

47:39 - CIVIL WAR 51,000 CASUALTIES

47:43 - KILLED WOUNDED, CAPTURED

47:44 - AND MISSING AND A TREMENDOUS

47:46 - BODY IF IT BUT A VICTORY FOR

47:48 - THE UNION AND WE PRESERVE THE

47:50 - UNION AND LINCOLN. THANK YOU.

47:53 - MAJOR GENERAL ABNER DOUBLEDAY

47:55 - IN NOVEMBER, 1863.

47:57 - >>I'M IN WASHINGTON CITY

47:58 - AWAITING ORDERS, LIVING THERE

48:01 - WITH MY WIFE WHO ACTUALLY HAS A

48:03 - CLOSE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE

48:05 - PRESIDENT'S WIFE. THIS IS MARY

48:07 - TODD LINCOLN BECAUSE OF THAT IT

48:09 - WAS VERY EASY FOR US TO

48:11 - ACTUALLY BE ON THE TRAIN FROM

48:14 - WASHINGTON CITY TO GETTYSBURG

48:16 - THE EMIRATE 18TH

48:18 - THE DAY BEFORE THE 19TH AND

48:20 - ACTUALLY EXPERIENCE IN PERSON.

48:22 - THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS. BOTH

48:24 - THE EVERETT ADDRESS

48:25 - AND THE REMARKS BY THE

48:27 - PRESIDENT HIMSELF. I UNDERSTAND

48:30 - I AM ONE OF 3. GENERALS FROM

48:32 - THE BATTLE WHO ARE ABLE TO

48:34 - ATTEND.

48:36 - THE ATTORNEY GENERAL JOHN GIVEN

48:38 - THAT PREVIOUSLY SPOKE ABOUT MY

48:40 - BEING WOUNDED. THE JOINT

48:42 - PICKETT'S CHARGE ON THE 3RD

48:43 - DAY. BY THE TIME I WAS

48:45 - SUFFICIENTLY RECOVERED TO

48:47 - ASSUME WHAT IS CALLED LIGHT

48:48 - DUTY IN THE ARMY.

48:50 - >>I HAD BEEN ASSIGNED TO THE

48:51 - RECRUITING DEPOT IN CLEVELAND,

48:52 - OHIO.

48:54 - THERE WAS TALK IN THE PAPERS

48:55 - ABOUT A DEDICATION OF THE

48:56 - NATIONAL CEMETERY. AND THE FACT

48:59 - THAT THERE WOULD BE DIGNITARIES

49:00 - AND OTHER NOTED INDIVIDUALS

49:02 - THERE AND I DECIDED THAT HAVING

49:05 - PARTAKE IN THE BATTLE MYSELF

49:06 - THIS WAS SOMETHING I'D LIKE TO

49:08 - SEE THAT TOOK THE TRAIN TO

49:10 - HARRISBURG AND WAS THEY'RE

49:11 - REUNITED

49:11 - WITH BY MY AIDE LIEUTENANT

49:14 - FRANK HASKELL THE 2 OF US WENT

49:15 - DOWN TO GETTYSBURG. WE

49:17 - COMMENCED A SIT DOWN TAKE A

49:20 - SEAT SON LISTEN TO MISTER

49:21 - EVERETT SPEAK.

49:23 - I'LL TELL YOU IF IT EVER THERE

49:24 - WAS A MAN THAT WAS IN LOVE WITH

49:25 - THE SOUND OF HIS OWN VOICE IT

49:26 - WAS MR. ABBOTT. WE

49:28 - ARE LEFT. I DECIDED I WANT TO

49:30 - GO BACK AND SEE.

49:32 - WELL WE HAD ACTUALLY FOUGHT IN

49:33 - THE BATTLE. SO WE WENT BACK TO

49:35 - OLD POSITIONS AND HOW VERY VERY

49:37 - DIFFERENT LOOKED THE FEW PEOPLE

49:39 - THAT CAME WITH THIS WE'RE

49:40 - ASKING ME ALL

49:41 - KINDS OF QUESTIONS ABOUT WHAT

49:43 - HAPPENED AND WHO ENGAGE WHERE

49:45 - MOST OF WHICH I HAD TO DEFEND

49:47 - IT TO LIEUTENANT HASKELL

49:49 - BECAUSE HE FOR OUT THE DURATION

49:50 - OF THE ATTACK. WHERE'S MY

49:52 - PRESENCE WAS CUT SHORT. JUST AT

49:54 - ITS PINNACLE. WE GOT BACK IN

49:58 - THEY HEAR THE

49:59 - PRESIDENT SPEAK AND I'LL NEVER

50:01 - FORGET THE WORDS THAT HE HAD TO

50:02 - SAY.

50:04 - >>4 SCORE AND 7 YEARS AGO.

50:07 - OUR FATHERS BROUGHT FORTH ON

50:09 - THIS CONTINENT. A NEW NATION

50:12 - CONCEIVED IN LIBERTY

50:13 - AND DEDICATED TO THE

50:15 - PROPOSITION THAT ALL MEN ARE

50:16 - CREATED EQUAL.

50:19 - WE'RE ENGAGED IN A GREAT

50:21 - CIVIL WAR, THE TESTING WHETHER

50:23 - THAT NATION OR

50:25 - ANY NATION SO CONCEIVED AND SO

50:27 - DEDICATED CAN LONG ENDURE.

50:30 - THE REAR MET ON A GREAT

50:31 - BATTLEFIELD OF

50:32 - THAT WAR. WE HAVE COME TO

50:35 - DEDICATE A PORTION OF THAT

50:36 - FIELD AS A FINAL RESTING PLACE

50:39 - FOR THOSE WHO HERE GAVE THEIR

50:41 - LIVES THAT THAT NATION MIGHT

50:42 - LIVE.

50:44 - IT IS ALTOGETHER FITTING AND

50:45 - PROPER THAT WE SHOULD DO THIS.

50:49 - A LARGER SENSE WE

50:50 - CANNOT DEDICATE WE

50:53 - CANNOT CONSECRATE WE CANNOT

50:56 - HALLOW THIS GROUND. THE

50:58 - BRAVE MAN LIVING AND DEAD WHO

51:00 - STRUGGLED HERE HAVE CONSECRATED

51:03 - IT FAR ABOVE OUR POOR POWER TO

51:05 - ADD OR DETRACT.

51:07 - THE WORLD WILL LITTLE NOTE NOR

51:09 - LONG REMEMBER WHAT WE SAY HERE.

51:12 - THAT IT CAN NEVER FORGET WHAT

51:14 - THEY DID HERE.

51:16 - THAT IS FOR US THE LIVING

51:18 - RATHER TO BE DEDICATED HERE

51:20 - TO THE UNFINISHED WORK WHICH

51:22 - THEY WHO FOUGHT HERE HAVE THUS

51:24 - FAR SO NOBLY ADVANCED.

51:26 - IT IS RATHER FOR US TO BE HERE

51:28 - DEDICATED TO THE GREAT TASK

51:30 - REMAINING BEFORE US THAT FROM

51:33 - THESE

51:33 - HONORED DEAD. WE TAKE INCREASED

51:36 - DEVOTION TO

51:37 - THAT CAUSE FOR WHICH THEY GAVE

51:40 - THE LAST FULL MEASURE OF

51:41 - DEVOTION THAT WE HERE HIGHLY

51:44 - RESOLVE THAT THESE DEAD SHALL

51:45 - NOT HAVE DIED IN VAIN. THAT

51:48 - THIS NATION UNDER GOD SHOULD

51:51 - HAVE A NEW BIRTH OF FREEDOM AND

51:53 - THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE.

51:57 - BUT THE PEOPLE THE FOR

51:59 - THE PEOPLE SHALL NOT PERISH

52:02 - FROM THE YEARS.

52:09 - >>THE LATEST GENTLEMAN, MY NAME

52:10 - IS BILL LAST MONTH.

52:12 - THEY TYPICALLY REPRESENT OR

52:14 - PORTRAY MAJOR GENERAL GEORGE

52:15 - HENRY THOMAS COMMANDER

52:17 - DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY OF THE

52:18 - CUMBERLAND UNFORTUNATELY GEORGE

52:20 - DID NOT MAKE HIS APPEARANCE

52:21 - ON THE BATTLEFIELD OF

52:22 - GETTYSBURG UNTIL JULY OF 1865.

52:25 - WHEN HE ACCEPTED AN INVITATION

52:27 - BY HIS FRIEND GEORGE MEADE TO

52:29 - ATTEND THE THE FESTIVITIES AT

52:31 - HARRISBURG ON JULY 4TH AND THAT

52:33 - TO TOUR HIS BATTLEFIELD WHICH

52:35 - HE DID. I'M HERE TODAY TO

52:37 - REPRESENT THE CONFEDERATION

52:38 - UNION GENERALS AND SINCE I'M

52:39 - OUT OF FIRST PERSON.

52:42 - REQUIRED BY PROTOCOL COULD BE

52:44 - OUT OF UNIFORM THAT WERE NOT

52:46 - WEARING A HAT.

52:48 - THE FEDERATION YOU JENNA WAS

52:50 - WAS FORMED IN 2002. AND SINCE

52:53 - THAT TIME WE HAVE

52:54 - PRESENTED HUNDREDS HAD HUNDREDS

52:57 - OF EVENTS BOTH INDIVIDUALLY AND

53:00 - AS A GROUP

53:01 - I CAN ASSURE YOU BY FAR THIS

53:02 - HAS BEEN THE MOST DIFFICULT.

53:05 - AT PRESENT WE HAVE 43 MEMBERS.

53:07 - MOST OF WHICH COMPRISE A UNION

53:10 - OFFICERS AND ENLISTED

53:12 - PERSONNEL, A NAVAL OFFICERS

53:14 - AND SEVERAL LADIES AND

53:16 - GENTLEMEN IS THE PERIOD OF

53:18 - NOTE. PEOPLE

53:19 - TYPICALLY ASK IS WHY WE DO THIS

53:21 - AND IT'S ACTUALLY QUITE SIMPLE

53:23 - IF YOU'VE EVER ATTENDED

53:25 - COMMISSIONING CEREMONY,

53:26 - TYPICALLY THE MOTHER WILL STEP

53:28 - FORWARD AND PENN THE GOLD BARS

53:30 - ON YOUR CHILD OF EITHER A

53:32 - SECOND LIEUTENANT

53:33 - RANSON DAD STANDS THERE

53:36 - STOICALLY WITH A HAND ON THE

53:38 - SHOULDER AND A FIRM HANDSHAKE

53:40 - WHAT THEY'RE DOING IS WOULD

53:42 - MOTHERS AND FATHERS HAVE BEEN

53:43 - DOING FOR ALMOST 250 YEARS

53:45 - AND THAT IS THEY'RE PLACING

53:47 - THEIR MOST PRIZED POSSESSION

53:48 - LIFE OF THEIR SON OR THEIR

53:49 - DAUGHTER ON THE ALTAR OF

53:51 - LIBERTY. MILLIONS MORE HAVE

53:53 - FOLLOWED THEM.

53:55 - OTHERS WERE SELECTED TO SERVE.

53:57 - SOME OF THOSE RAN AWAY AND FOR

53:59 - EACH ONE THAT DID LEGIONS MORE

54:01 - STEP FORWARD. AND IT IS OUR

54:03 - RESPONSIBILITY THAT IS IS WE

54:06 - THE PEOPLE THE DEFACED SHED

54:08 - THEIR BLOOD OR ARE INJURED IN

54:10 - SOME OTHER WAY PHYSICALLY

54:11 - OR MENTALLY THAT WE WILL BIND

54:13 - UP THEIR WOUNDS AS LINCOLN SAID

54:15 - AND AND CARE FOR THEM.

54:17 - IF THEY'RE CALLED UPON TO MAKE

54:19 - THE ULTIMATE SACRIFICE. WE WILL

54:21 - DO ALL IN OUR POWER TO GATHER

54:22 - UP

54:23 - THE REMAINS AND MAKE SURE THAT

54:24 - THEY'RE SENT BACK TO THEIR

54:25 - FAMILIES OR THEY CAN BE BURIED

54:27 - IN HOLLOW GROUND.

54:28 - BUT IT IS OUR RESPONSIBILITY WE

54:30 - THE PEOPLE

54:31 - MORE SO TO MAKE SURE THAT WE

54:33 - TELL THEIR STORY OF THEIR

54:34 - SERVICE AND SACRIFICE. IT IS

54:36 - OUR RESPONSIBILITY TO TELL A

54:38 - STORY TO OUR CHILDREN AND OUR

54:40 - CHILDREN'S CHILDREN AND WE WILL

54:41 - CALL YOU HERO. THIS IS WHY WE

54:44 - DO WHAT WE DO.

54:46 - SO ON BEHALF OF THE

54:47 - CONFEDERATION UNION GENERALS I

54:49 - WANT TO THANK PEACE AND FOR

54:50 - INDULGING US AND I WANT TO

54:52 - THANK YOU FOR WATCHING THIS

54:53 - PRESENTATION TODAY. THANK YOU

54:54 - AGAIN.